Yoga perspective on personal excellence and well-being
Journal name: Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine
Original article title: Yoga perspective on personal excellence and well-being
The Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine (JAIM) is an open-access publication promoting collaboration between Ayurveda, traditional medicine, and biomedicine, publishing research on integrative health sciences
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Nidhi Chaudhry, Rudra B. Bhandari, Vaishali Gaur
Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine:
(A monthly peer-reviewed publication)
Full text available for: Yoga perspective on personal excellence and well-being
Year: 2023 | Doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100717
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
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Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Yoga perspective on personal excellence and well-being”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Yoga:
Yoga refers to a collection of practices and philosophies aimed at uniting the mind, body, and spirit. It encompasses various disciplines that promote physical health, mental clarity, emotional stability, and spiritual growth. By practicing yoga, individuals can achieve balance, enhance well-being, and cultivate a deeper connection with their true selves.
2) Patanjali:
Patanjali is an ancient Indian sage traditionally credited with compiling the Yoga Sūtras, an influential text on yoga philosophy and practice. His teachings articulate the principles and practices of yoga, emphasizing mental discipline, ethical conduct, and the pursuit of self-awareness and enlightenment through systematic introspection and meditation.
3) Meditation:
Meditation is a mental practice that involves focusing the mind to achieve a state of clarity and calmness. It is fundamental in various spiritual and psychological traditions, including yoga. Through meditation, individuals can enhance self-awareness, reduce stress, and foster tranquility, ultimately leading to personal growth and enlightenment.
4) Nature:
Nature encompasses the physical world and all living organisms within it, reflecting the interconnectedness of life. In various spiritual and philosophical contexts, understanding nature is crucial for gaining insights into existence, fostering respect for the environment, and promoting harmonious relationships. Its study encourages mindful living and environmental sustainability.
5) Life:
Life signifies existence characterized by biological growth, development, and experiences. In philosophical and spiritual contexts, life is explored as a journey of learning and self-discovery. Philosophers examine the meaning of life, guiding individuals toward achieving fulfillment, personal excellence, and understanding their purpose within the greater cosmos.
6) Knowledge:
Knowledge embodies the awareness and understanding acquired through experience, education, or insights. It is fundamental for personal development, providing the basis for informed decision-making and critical thinking. In spiritual traditions, the pursuit of knowledge is often linked to self-realization and enlightenment, leading to a deeper understanding of life and existence.
7) Sutra:
Sūtra refers to a succinct aphorism or rule in Sanskrit literature, providing wisdom and guidance. Found in texts such as the Yoga Sūtras, it serves as a mnemonic aid for practitioners. Sūtras encapsulate profound truths, making complex concepts accessible while encouraging reflection and deeper study in spiritual practices.
8) India:
India is a South Asian country known for its rich cultural, spiritual, and philosophical heritage. It is the birthplace of many spiritual traditions, including yoga and Ayurveda, which emphasize holistic well-being. India's historical contributions to knowledge, spirituality, and philosophy continue to inspire seekers and scholars worldwide.
9) Study (Studying):
Study refers to the systematic pursuit of knowledge and understanding through engagement with concepts, texts, and practices. In the context of yoga and philosophy, study involves deep inquiry into teachings, principles, and practices aimed at personal growth. It cultivates critical thinking and enhances one's ability to apply insights in daily life.
10) Pain:
Pain is a physical or emotional discomfort experienced as a response to injury or suffering. In various philosophical and spiritual contexts, understanding the nature of pain is crucial for personal growth. By addressing the sources of pain, individuals can foster resilience, transform suffering into wisdom, and deepen their self-awareness.
11) Doubt:
Doubt signifies uncertainty or lack of conviction regarding beliefs or decisions. In spiritual and psychological development, overcoming doubt is essential for progressing on the path to wisdom. Confronting doubts leads to clarification of understanding, enabling individuals to cultivate faith and confidence in their journey toward personal excellence.
12) Activity:
Activity relates to actions or behaviors undertaken by individuals or groups. In the context of yoga and well-being, engaging in meaningful activity encourages physical health, emotional balance, and social interaction. It promotes a sense of accomplishment and purpose, contributing to overall well-being and personal development.
13) Psyche:
Psyche refers to the human mind and soul, encompassing thoughts, emotions, and consciousness. Understanding the psyche is central to many psychological and spiritual practices, including yoga. By exploring the psyche, individuals can achieve deeper self-awareness, emotional regulation, and clarity, leading to personal transformation and well-being.
14) Field:
Field signifies a realm or area of study, practice, or influence. In the context of contemporary research, it can refer to specific domains like psychology, health, or spirituality. Understanding the distinctions and interconnections within these fields enhances our comprehension of various practices, including yoga, and their implications for personal and collective well-being.
15) Developing:
Developing denotes the process of growth and evolution in various aspects, including knowledge, skills, and self-awareness. In personal growth and yoga, developing involves continuous practice, introspection, and application of insights. This process leads individuals to discover their potential and refine their abilities towards achieving personal excellence.
16) Learning:
Learning encompasses acquiring knowledge and skills through study, experiences, or teaching. It is fundamental to personal and professional development. In the context of yoga, learning involves embracing new insights and integrating practices that foster improved well-being, self-awareness, and ultimately contribute to the journey toward enlightenment and personal excellence.
17) Avidya:
Avidyā, or ignorance, refers to the lack of true knowledge about the self and reality. In yoga philosophy, it is considered the root cause of suffering, leading to the misidentification of the self with impermanent aspects of life. Overcoming Avidyā is essential for achieving enlightenment and true well-being.
18) Rudra:
Rudra is a deity in Hindu tradition, often associated with storm and wind. In spiritual discussions, Rudra represents transformation and the duality of creation and destruction. Understanding this deity's attributes can provide insights into navigating life's challenges and embracing the cyclical nature of change inherent in existence.
19) Sage:
A sage is a wise person recognized for their profound knowledge and insight. In many spiritual traditions, sages are sought for their teachings, which often guide individuals on their spiritual paths. Their wisdom fosters deeper understanding, encouraging a life aligned with virtue, purpose, and self-realization.
20) Fear:
Fear is an emotional response to perceived threats or dangers. In psychological and spiritual contexts, understanding and managing fear is crucial for personal development. Overcoming fear empowers individuals, allowing them to confront challenges, embrace change, and pursue their goals with confidence and resilience.
21) Detachment:
Detachment denotes a state of emotional and mental separation from external outcomes, desires, and attachments. In yoga and spiritual practices, cultivating detachment enhances inner peace and clarity, reducing suffering associated with desires. By practicing detachment, individuals can experience freedom and cultivate a deeper sense of self and purpose.
22) Ashtanga (Astanga, Ashtan-anga):
Ashtanga is a traditional system of yoga comprising eight limbs that guide practitioners towards holistic development—physical, mental, and spiritual. This disciplined practice emphasizes ethical conduct, physical postures, breath control, and meditation as interconnected pathways leading to self-realization and inner harmony.
23) Samadhi:
Samadhi denotes a state of profound concentration and meditative absorption. It represents the ultimate goal of yoga, where the practitioner experiences oneness with the object of meditation, transcending the ego and attaining deep spiritual insight. Achieving Samadhi facilitates self-realization and enduring peace, marking a significant milestone in spiritual practice.
24) Gayatri:
Gayatri refers to a revered mantra from the Rigveda, symbolizing spiritual awakening and enlightenment. Often associated with the Goddess Gayatri, it embodies the essence of divine knowledge. Chanting this mantra is believed to invoke wisdom, clarity, and inspiration, facilitating spiritual growth and transformation.
25) Wisdom:
Wisdom is the capacity to make sound judgments based on knowledge, experience, and discernment. It transcends mere knowledge by incorporating life lessons and emotional intelligence. In spiritual practices, pursuing wisdom is essential for navigating life's complexities and achieving deeper self-understanding and fulfilling personal excellence.
26) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Sharma is a common surname in India often associated with scholars or learned individuals. In the context of yoga and spirituality, individuals named Sharma may embody the values of teaching and disseminating knowledge, contributing to the cultural and philosophical richness that inspires pursuit of personal excellence and enlightenment.
27) Dvesha (Dvesa):
Dveṣa denotes aversion or hatred towards objects, people, or situations, which can lead to suffering. Within yogic philosophy, overcoming Dveṣa is crucial for personal development, as it distorts perceptions and creates emotional turmoil. Cultivating understanding and compassion helps transform aversion into acceptance and harmony.
28) Death:
Death signifies the end of biological life, often provoking fear and existential contemplation. In spiritual and philosophical traditions, understanding death is essential for grasping the nature of existence. It encourages individuals to reflect on life's temporality, thereby prompting a deeper appreciation for living fully and aligning with one's ultimate purpose.
29) Ter:
Ther is likely a typographical or contextual error, possibly meant to reference 'therapy' or 'treatment.' In mental health and wellness contexts, appropriate therapy employs various modalities—mindfulness, cognitive, or physical activities—to promote healing and personal growth, contributing to overall well-being.
30) Perception:
Perception refers to the process of interpreting sensory information to develop an understanding of reality. It influences our beliefs, thoughts, and actions. In spiritual practices, refining perception is crucial for gaining insights into self, emotions, and external experiences, leading to greater awareness and fulfillment.
31) Exposition:
Exposition represents a detailed explanation or presentation of ideas, often in a literary or scholarly context. In spiritual literature, exposition serves to clarify teachings, promoting understanding and enhancing the practice of concepts. It is integral in transmitting wisdom across generations, contributing to personal and collective growth.
32) Realising (Realizing):
Realizing involves becoming fully aware of or understanding a concept or truth. In spiritual contexts, realizing one's true self is a transformative journey, emphasizing discovery and enlightenment. This process often requires introspection, meditation, and the integration of teachings, guiding individuals toward fulfillment and inner peace.
33) Disease:
Disease refers to a pathological condition that impacts physical or mental health. In the context of yoga and well-being, understanding disease encompasses recognition of its causes and treatments. Holistic approaches, including yoga and meditation practices, aim to restore balance, promote healing, and enhance overall quality of life.
34) Karma (Karman):
Karma signifies the law of cause and effect, where every action has consequences. In spiritual philosophies, understanding karma encourages ethical behavior and personal responsibility. It guides individuals towards making conscious choices that contribute to personal growth, well-being, and the unfolding of one's life path.
35) Vyasa (Vyasha):
Vyasa is revered in Hindu tradition as a sage and author of significant texts, including the Mahabharata and the Brahma Sutras. His contributions to philosophy and spirituality have shaped Indian thought. Vyasa's teachings often emphasize the importance of introspection, self-awareness, and the pursuit of knowledge for personal refinement.
36) Yama:
Yama refers to the ethical principles or moral codes within yoga philosophy, focusing on how individuals relate to the world around them. The five Yamas guide practitioners toward right conduct, fostering harmony, compassion, and integrity, ultimately contributing to personal development and spiritual growth.
37) Raga:
Rāga symbolizes attachment, particularly to sensory experiences or desires. In yogic philosophy, overcoming Rāga is essential for reducing suffering and achieving liberation. By cultivating detachment and awareness, individuals can transcend clinginess to ephemeral pleasures and deepen their understanding of life’s true essence.
38) Unconscious:
The unconscious refers to the mental processes not readily accessible to conscious awareness, influencing thoughts and actions subconsciously. Understanding the unconscious is essential in spiritual and psychological exploration, as it can harbor hidden fears, desires, and traumas that shape behavior. Engaging with the unconscious promotes healing and self-discovery.
39) Abhinivesa (Abhinivesha):
Abhiniveśa refers to the instinctual fear of death or clinging to life, which can hinder personal growth. In yogic traditions, overcoming Abhiniveśa is vital for freeing oneself from attachment and advancing toward self-realization. It encourages individuals to embrace life's transitory nature and find peace through detachment.
40) Shivananda (Sivananda, Shiva-ananda):
Sivananda was a prominent Indian yoga master and spiritual teacher known for popularizing yoga and Vedantic philosophy in the West. His teachings emphasize the importance of holistic health, selfless service, and spiritual discipline. Sivananda’s legacy continues to inspire practitioners seeking to integrate yoga into their lives for personal transformation.
41) Education:
Education involves the process of acquiring knowledge, skills, and values through formal or informal means. It is vital for personal and societal development. In connection with yoga and spirituality, education fosters self-awareness, ethics, and holistic understanding, promoting growth and enlightenment in individuals and communities.
42) Transformation (Transform, Transforming):
Transforming refers to the process of making significant changes to improve or develop something. In personal growth, transformation implies moving beyond limitations and embracing new possibilities. In spiritual practices, transforming often leads to deeper self-awareness, insight, and alignment with one's purpose, fostering greater fulfillment.
43) Prakriti (Prakrti):
Prakriti refers to the natural world and the fundamental elements that constitute the universe in Indian philosophy. It encompasses the dynamic interplay of natural forces and embodies the physical, emotional, and spiritual aspects of existence. Understanding Prakriti enhances awareness of one's connection to nature and the universe.
44) Delusion (Deluded):
Delusion signifies a false belief or judgment about reality, often leading to misconceptions and suffering. In spiritual practices, recognizing delusions is essential for uncovering truths and advancing self-awareness. Overcoming delusions allows for deeper understanding, personal growth, and the alignment of one's life with universal truths.
45) Bharati:
Bharati is often associated with education and knowledge in Indian tradition. It symbolizes the pursuit of learning and wisdom, reflective of India’s rich cultural heritage. In the context of yoga and spiritual growth, integrating Bharati emphasizes the importance of education as a means to unravel truths and achieve self-realization.
46) Dharana:
Dhāraṇā refers to the practice of concentration and focused attention in yoga. It represents a preparatory step for meditation, where practitioners cultivate single-pointedness of mind. Mastery of Dhāraṇā enhances mental clarity, discipline, and awareness, allowing for deeper meditative states and self-realization.
47) Servant:
Servant denotes an individual who serves or performs duties for others, often characterized by selflessness and commitment. In leadership contexts, servant leadership emphasizes prioritizing the needs of others and promoting their growth. This principle aligns with yogic teachings, fostering compassion, humility, and ethical behavior in interpersonal relationships.
48) Science (Scientific):
Scientific pertains to the systematic study of the natural world, utilizing research and empirical evidence. In the context of spirituality and yoga, a scientific approach can enhance understanding of the physiological and psychological benefits of practices, bridging the gap between ancient wisdom and contemporary knowledge.
49) Niyama:
Niyama refers to the personal ethical principles that govern individual behavior in yoga. This set of five observances emphasizes personal discipline and self-regulation, guiding practitioners toward holistic growth. Adhering to Niyama cultivates inner strength and supports the pursuit of personal excellence and spiritual realization.
50) Egoism:
Egoism denotes an excessive preoccupation with oneself, often at the expense of others. In yoga philosophy, egoism is viewed as a barrier to personal growth and enlightenment. Overcoming egoism encourages individuals to adopt a broader perspective, fostering compassion and connection with the larger universe.
51) Pandya (Pamdya, Pandyan):
Pandya is a surname common in India, often associated with individuals involved in spiritual or educational endeavors. In discussions on yoga and well-being, individuals named Pandya may embody the qualities of wisdom and teaching, contributing to the rich tapestry of knowledge and practices that inspire personal growth.
52) Nidhi:
Nidhi is a name often associated with 'treasure' or 'wealth' in Sanskrit. In spiritual contexts, it symbolizes the inner treasures of wisdom and enlightenment that can be uncovered through dedicated practice. Engaging with one's inner Nidhi reflects the journey toward self-discovery and personal excellence.
53) Delhi:
Delhi, the capital of India, is a significant cultural and political center known for its historical richness and diversity. In the context of yoga and spirituality, Delhi serves as a hub for learning and practice, offering access to various traditions and teachings that inspire individuals on their spiritual paths.
54) Birth:
Birth signifies the beginning of life in the physical realm, commonly understood as the arrival of an individual into the world. Spiritual practices often explore the implications of birth in the cycle of existence, emphasizing the importance of each life phase in the journey toward self-realization and spiritual enlightenment.
55) Pada:
Pada refers to a 'foot' or 'step' in Sanskrit, often symbolizing foundational principles or stages in spiritual practice and the path to enlightenment. Understanding ‘Pada’ in the context of yogic scriptures can guide practitioners as they navigate their personal developmental journeys towards realization and fulfillment.
56) Food:
Food denotes the nourishment necessary for physical sustenance and health. In yogic practices, the quality and type of food consumed are considered vital for maintaining balance and well-being. Diet influences physical and mental states, supporting the pursuit of clarity and spiritual growth alongside physical health.
57) Practising (Practicing):
Practicing entails regularly engaging in activities or disciplines to improve skills or deepen understanding. In yoga, practicing involves consistent application of techniques that enhance physical health and mental clarity, contributing to overall well-being and the journey toward self-awareness and enlightenment.
58) Depression:
Depression is a mental health condition characterized by persistent sadness, low motivation, and emotional distress. Understanding depression in the context of yoga is crucial, as practices such as meditation and mindfulness can facilitate healing, promote emotional balance, and enhance overall psychological well-being.
59) Suffering:
Suffering represents the experience of pain, distress, or hardship, often seen as an inherent part of the human condition. In yoga philosophy, understanding suffering is key to achieving personal growth and cultivating resilience. Practicing yoga facilitates the alleviation of suffering by fostering inner peace and awareness.
60) Writing:
Writing serves as a medium for expressing thoughts, ideas, and experiences. In spiritual and yogic contexts, writing can aid in refining understanding and exploring concepts through reflection and articulation. It represents the sharing of wisdom and personal journeys, promoting dialogue and learning in the broader community.
61) Overuse:
Overuse refers to excessive use, often leading to negative consequences or harm. In spiritual and health contexts, recognizing the dangers of overuse emphasizes the balance necessary for well-being, encouraging individuals to practice moderation across all dimensions of life, including physical activity, emotional expression, and sensory experiences.
62) Bhakti:
Bhakti denotes devotion and love for a personal deity, emphasizing a path of sincere spiritual practice. As a fundamental aspect of various spiritual traditions, Bhakti encourages emotional engagement and connection with the divine, fostering a sense of community and compassion while guiding individuals toward personal fulfillment and enlightenment.
63) Dhyana:
Dhyāna refers to deep meditation where the practitioner focuses intensely on a chosen object of contemplation. This stage of concentration facilitates internal calmness and heightened awareness, playing a crucial role in the journey toward self-realization. Mastery of Dhyāna enhances mental clarity and spiritual insight, leading to profound transformations.
64) Vyadhin (Vyadhi):
Vyādhi refers to illness or disease in Sanskrit. In yogic philosophy, understanding Vyādhi is vital for addressing the underlying imbalances that affect physical and mental health. The approach encourages holistic healing practices, promoting wellness through the integration of body, mind, and spirit in achieving optimal health.
65) Misuse:
Misuse refers to the inappropriate or harmful use of resources, actions, or practices. In spiritual teachings, recognizing misuse is essential for fostering responsible behaviors that align with one’s values. This awareness promotes conscious living, encouraging individuals to engage with practices mindfully while minimizing negative consequences.
66) Desire:
Desire represents a strong feeling of wanting or wishing for something. In many spiritual contexts, excessive desire is viewed as a source of suffering, emphasizing the necessity of transcending attachment. Cultivating detachment from desires fosters freedom and clarity, enabling individuals to deepen their understanding of the self.
67) Satya (Shatya):
Satya denotes truthfulness and aligns closely with ethical behavior in yogic philosophies. Emphasizing the importance of honesty in thoughts, words, and actions, practicing Satya fosters integrity and builds trust, both in oneself and in relationships with others, essential for personal growth and spiritual development.
68) Asana (Ashana):
Āsana refers to the physical postures practiced in yoga. Each Āsana is designed to improve strength, flexibility, and balance while promoting physical and mental health. The practice of Āsanas prepares the body for meditation, facilitating a harmonious integration of body, mind, and spirit.
69) Yogi (Yogin):
Yogi describes a practitioner of yoga dedicated to the pursuit of self-realization and spiritual growth. The journey of a Yogi involves rigorous adherence to yogic principles, including discipline, meditation, and ethical conduct. Through consistent practice, a Yogi aims to transcend physical limitations and achieve inner peace and enlightenment.
70) Tapa:
Tapa signifies self-discipline or austerity in yogic philosophy, reflecting the commitment to personal growth. Practicing Tapa involves enduring hardship or discomfort to foster spiritual advancement. This discipline cultivates resilience, enabling individuals to transcend obstacles and deepen their understanding of the self and the universe.
71) Pir:
Peer refers to individuals of similar status, age, or background, often engaging in collaborative or social relationships. In educational and psychological contexts, peer interactions provide learning opportunities and support. Recognizing the influence of peers fosters community and collective growth while promoting shared values and practices in personal development.
72) Pur:
Poor describes a state of lacking resources or wealth, often associated with socio-economic challenges. In a holistic lifestyle, addressing poverty entails not just financial relief but also enhancing education, opportunities, and well-being. It emphasizes the interconnection between material and spiritual well-being in pursuing a fulfilling life.
73) Mental health:
Mental health refers to emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how individuals think, feel, and act, determining their ability to cope with stress and relate to others. Promoting mental health through practices like yoga and meditation fosters resilience, enhancing overall quality of life and self-understanding.
74) Observation:
Observation is the act of carefully watching or noticing phenomena to gain insights and knowledge. In yoga and spiritual practices, observation fosters self-awareness and understanding of one's thoughts, emotions, and behaviors. This process aids personal growth, encouraging individuals to reflect on their experiences for deeper learning.
75) Pratyahara:
Pratyāhāra is the practice of withdrawing the senses from external stimuli to promote internal focus. This crucial limb of yoga enhances concentration and prepares practitioners for meditation. By mastering Pratyāhāra, individuals cultivate control over their senses, fostering mental clarity and deepening their meditative experiences.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 148]
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