Ayurveda, yoga, and acupuncture for spinal cord injury symptom relief
Journal name: Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine
Original article title: Ayurveda, yoga, and acupuncture therapies in alleviating the symptom score among patients with spinal cord injury – A systematic review
The Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine (JAIM) is an open-access publication promoting collaboration between Ayurveda, traditional medicine, and biomedicine, publishing research on integrative health sciences
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Sujatha KJ, Manjunath NK, Ahalya PG
Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine:
(A monthly peer-reviewed publication)
Full text available for: Ayurveda, yoga, and acupuncture therapies in alleviating the symptom score among patients with spinal cord injury – A systematic review
Year: 2023 | Doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100749
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
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Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Ayurveda, yoga, and acupuncture for spinal cord injury symptom relief”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is a holistic medical system that originated in ancient India, emphasizing balance among body, mind, and spirit for maintaining health and well-being. It utilizes natural remedies, dietary practices, and therapies to treat diseases and promote longevity. Ayurveda underscores individualized treatment based on a person's constitution, or 'Prakriti'.
2) Pain:
Pain is a complex sensory and emotional experience that signifies potential or actual harm to the body. In the context of spinal cord injury (SCI), pain can be a significant symptom impacting quality of life. Effective pain management is crucial in rehabilitation and improving overall patient outcomes.
3) Study (Studying):
A study refers to a systematic investigation aimed at developing or contributing to generalizable knowledge. In the context of SCI and alternative therapies, studies evaluate the effectiveness of Ayurveda, Yoga, and other interventions, allowing researchers to assess outcomes and enhance treatment protocols for better patient care.
4) Yoga:
Yoga is an ancient practice integrating physical postures, breathing techniques, and meditation to promote physical and mental well-being. It has gained recognition for its therapeutic benefits, particularly in rehabilitation for conditions like SCI, where it helps improve flexibility, strength, and emotional health through mindful movement and relaxation.
5) Basti:
Basti is a specialized Ayurvedic therapy involving the administration of medicated oil or decoction via the rectum or bladder. It is primarily used to treat conditions related to Vata imbalance, promoting detoxification, alleviating pain, and enhancing healing, particularly in neuromuscular disorders and spinal injuries.
6) Table:
In research, a table is a structured format used to present data or information clearly and concisely. It assists in summarizing findings, comparisons, and results of studies. In this context, tables summarize characteristics of reviewed articles and outcomes from various Ayurveda treatments for SCI.
7) Life:
Life, in a health context, encompasses the physical, mental, and social well-being of individuals. It is a holistic term reflecting one's quality of existence. Interventions aimed at improving quality of life, especially in patients with SCI, emphasize rehabilitation, symptom management, and psychological support.
8) Disease:
Disease refers to a pathological condition that disrupts normal physiological function in the body, often leading to significant health impacts. In the context of SCI, diseases can include various complications stemming from nerve damage, necessitating a comprehensive approach integrating conventional and alternative therapies for management.
9) Training:
Training relates to systematic learning or practice designed to improve skills or knowledge in a specific area. In rehabilitation, particularly for individuals with SCI, training programs focus on physical fitness, motor skills, and adaptive strategies to enhance recovery and daily functioning.
10) Karma (Karman):
Karma refers to the law of cause and effect in the context of Ayurveda, suggesting that one's actions influence future states of being, including health. It underscores the importance of lifestyle choices in wellness, impacting how therapies might be applied to restore balance in individuals.
11) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses various practices aimed at maintaining health, preventing, diagnosing, and treating illnesses. In the context of SCI, both conventional and alternative medicines, including Ayurveda, are employed to address neurological damage and improve patient quality of life.
12) Quality:
Quality in healthcare denotes the degree of excellence of care provided to patients. It encompasses factors like effectiveness, safety, and the degree to which healthcare services enhance the overall well-being and life satisfaction of individuals undergoing treatment for conditions like SCI.
13) Stiffness:
Stiffness refers to the reduced flexibility or mobility in muscles or joints, often experienced by individuals with SCI. Addressing stiffness through therapies like Yoga and Ayurveda is crucial for enhancing physical function and reducing discomfort during rehabilitation.
14) Kumar:
Kumar is a common surname in India, often associated with individuals in academic and medical fields. In the context of this research, individuals with the surname Kumar may have contributed valuable findings or case studies related to Ayurveda and its applications for SCI management.
15) Svedana:
Svedana is an Ayurvedic procedure involving sweating, typically used as part of detoxification in Panchakarma therapy. It aids in promoting circulation, reducing stiffness, and alleviating symptoms related to Vata imbalance, making it beneficial for patients suffering from SCI and related ailments.
16) Matra:
Matra refers to the quantity or dosage of Ayurvedic medicine. In the context of treatments like Matra basti, it denotes the specific measurement of medicated substances administered, crucial for effective therapy and managing conditions such as SCI. Accurate dosing ensures safety and enhances therapeutic outcomes.
17) Majja:
Majja refers to bone marrow in Ayurveda and represents a vital tissue involved in producing blood cells. It plays a crucial role in nourishing the saptadhatu (seven bodily tissues) and is significant in Ayurvedic treatments targeting conditions involving weakness or degeneration of skeletal and nervous systems.
18) Blood:
Blood is essential for transporting oxygen, nutrients, and immune cells throughout the body. Its proper circulation is critical for healing, particularly after spinal cord injury. Ayurvedic therapies often focus on enhancing blood flow to promote healing and recovery from various ailments.
19) Vata:
Vata is one of the three primary doshas in Ayurveda, symbolizing air and space. It governs movement, communication, and nervous system functions. An imbalance in Vata can trigger various health issues, including those experienced by patients with SCI, making its regulation crucial for recovery.
20) Pinda (Pimda):
Pinda refers to a bolus of medication in Ayurveda used in various therapies, including Pinda sweda. This treatment involves a bolus applied to the body, usually for pain relief and detoxification, and is significant in managing complaints related to muscular and joint issues.
21) Channel:
In Ayurveda, channels (srotas) refer to the pathways through which bodily substances travel, such as nutrients and energy. Blockages in these channels can lead to disease. Treatments aim to cleanse and maintain these channels, improving overall health and facilitating recovery from conditions like SCI.
22) Ghrita (Ghrta):
Ghrita refers to clarified butter ghee in Ayurveda, valued for its medicinal properties. It is often incorporated in treatments and therapies for its ability to nourish tissues, enhance digestion, and promote healing. Ghrita is particularly essential in formulations for spinal health and neurological rehabilitation.
23) Nasya (Nashya):
Nasya is a therapy in Ayurveda involving administering medication through the nasal passages. Often used for conditions affecting the head and neck, it serves to clear sinuses, enhance mental clarity, and support respiratory functions, and is valuable in comprehensive management for patients with SCI.
24) Drug:
A drug is any substance used in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of disease. In the context of Ayurvedic therapies for SCI, herbal drugs are utilized for their potential benefits in alleviating symptoms, enhancing recovery, and addressing various health conditions associated with spinal injuries.
25) Inflammation:
Inflammation is the body's immune response to injury or infection, characterized by redness, swelling, and pain. Inflammation can significantly impede recovery following SCI, and effective management of inflammation is crucial for promoting healing and reducing discomfort in affected individuals.
26) Mustadi (Musta-adi):
Mustādi refers to specific herbs or formulations used in Ayurveda, renowned for their therapeutic properties. These formulations are often applied in treatments targeting various ailments, underlining the rich diversity of plants utilized for holistic healing in traditional systems.
27) Writing:
Writing serves as a critical means of communication, especially in academic and research contexts. It is vital for documenting findings, sharing knowledge, and contributing to the body of research surrounding topics such as Ayurveda and its role in the management of spinal cord injuries.
28) Asthi (Ashthi):
Asthi refers to bones in Ayurveda, emphasizing their role in physical support and structure. Treatments targeting Asthi are crucial for patients with injuries affecting skeletal integrity. Ayurvedic principles aim to strengthen and nourish Asthi, thereby contributing to overall health and resilience.
29) Matra-basti:
Matra-basti is a specific type of Ayurvedic enema therapy considered crucial for nourishing and balancing Vata dosha. The precise measurement of medicated oil or decoction administered via this method is vital for addressing disorders related to nerve damage, enhancing recovery in spinal cord patients.
30) Depression:
Depression is a mental health condition characterized by persistent sadness and loss of interest or pleasure. It can significantly impact the rehabilitation process in SCI patients. Integrative therapies, such as Ayurveda, Yoga, and counseling, play an essential role in managing symptoms of depression effectively.
31) Nirgundi (Nirgumdi):
Nirgundi is an Ayurvedic herb known for its potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is often used in treatments aimed at alleviating pain and swelling associated with conditions like SCI. Nirgundi formulations help improve mobility and enhance the overall quality of life for affected individuals.
32) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiated refers to a condition of imbalance or dysfunction in Ayurvedic terminology. It indicates when the doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha) are in disarray, leading to health problems. Restoring equilibrium through diet, lifestyle, and therapy is essential in Ayurvedic practices for maintaining health.
33) Science (Scientific):
Science represents systematic knowledge obtained through observation, experimentation, and analysis. In the context of Ayurveda, scientific inquiry helps validate traditional practices through modern research methods, allowing for integration of ancient wisdom with contemporary medical approaches for treating conditions like spinal cord injury.
34) Mishra (Misra):
Mishra is a common surname in India and often signifies individuals involved in academic and research fields, especially in traditional medicine. Researchers or practitioners with this surname typically contribute significantly to the knowledge and practices surrounding Ayurveda and its applications in various health conditions.
35) Repair:
Repair refers to the process of restoring function or integrity to damaged systems in the body. In the context of SCI, neuronal repair is a critical area of research and practice, where interventions aim to facilitate recovery of lost functions through various therapeutic approaches, including Ayurveda.
36) Griva:
Griva refers to the cervical or neck region in Ayurvedic terminology, often targeted in therapies addressing neck pain or stiffness. Specific treatments for Griva help restore mobility and alleviate discomfort, essential for overall spinal health.
37) Diet:
Diet refers to the nutritional intake of an individual and plays a crucial role in health, especially within Ayurveda. A balanced diet tailored to a person's constitution helps maintain dosha equilibrium, promotes healing, and supports recovery from conditions such as SCI.
38) Withania somnifera:
Withania somnifera, commonly known as Ashwagandha, is an adaptogenic herb in Ayurveda, known for its neuroprotective and stress-relieving properties. It is utilized in managing anxiety, enhancing cognitive function, and supporting recovery in conditions like SCI through its ability to promote overall well-being.
39) Shashtikashali (Sastikasali, Shashtika-shali):
Shashtikashali refers to a specific rice variety used in Ayurvedic therapies, primarily in Pinda sweda and other treatments. It is valued for its nutritional benefits and is often utilized in therapeutic formulations aimed at rejuvenating body tissues and enhancing recovery in patients.
40) Knowledge:
Knowledge in the context of Ayurveda represents the understanding and application of medicinal principles, herbal formulations, and therapeutic practices. Continual knowledge-sharing and research are essential for evolving Ayurvedic practices, allowing for better management of health conditions such as spinal cord injury.
41) Cleansing:
Cleansing is a fundamental aspect of Ayurvedic treatments, aiming to detoxify the body and restore balance. Methods such as Panchakarma or Svedana facilitate the elimination of toxins, promoting improved physiological function and aiding recovery from ailments, particularly those involving metabolic disturbances.
42) Snehana:
Snehana refers to the application of oil in Ayurveda, signifying a preparatory step for detoxification therapies. It helps incorporate essential nutrients through the skin, improves circulation, alleviates dryness, and prepares the body for further treatments, facilitating better healing outcomes in conditions like SCI.
43) Vanari:
Vanari refers to a specific Ayurvedic formulation or medicine associated with treating certain ailments. It signifies the holistic approach of Ayurveda in addressing various health conditions, enhancing the understanding and application of traditional medicines in modern therapeutic practices.
44) Gutika:
Gutika refers to herbal pills in Ayurveda, typically used for therapeutic purposes. These formulations are convenient for administration and are designed to deliver concentrated herbal benefits for specific health conditions, contributing to overall management strategies in Ayurveda.
45) Animal:
In research, animal studies are crucial for testing the safety and efficacy of various treatments. While Ayurveda is primarily human-centric, various animal studies may validate traditional practices or formulations, providing scientific evidence for their application in managing health conditions.
46) Taila (Thaila):
Taila refers to oil in Ayurveda and is a vital component in many treatments aimed at enhancing metabolic functions and promoting healing. Different types of Taila are utilized depending on the conditions being treated, particularly in therapies like Abhyanga and Basti.
47) India:
India is the birthplace of Ayurveda, holding a rich tradition of holistic medicine dating back thousands of years. The cultural and historical context of Ayurvedic practice continues to influence the development and application of natural therapies for various health conditions, including SCI.
48) Patil:
Patil is a common surname in India, often associated with individuals in academic or clinical research fields. Those with this surname may contribute valuable insights related to Ayurveda and its application in contemporary healthcare settings.
49) Edema (Oedema):
Edema refers to swelling due to excess fluid accumulation in tissues. It is often a symptom of various medical conditions, including SCI. Effective management of edema is crucial for enhancing mobility and comfort in patients, accomplished through several Ayurvedic therapies aimed at promoting circulation and reducing inflammation.
50) Devi:
Devi is a common name and surname in India, representing individuals often engaged in the healthcare field. Scholars or practitioners with this name may contribute significantly to the discourse surrounding Ayurveda, enhancing understanding and implementation of traditional practices in treating modern health challenges.
51) Post:
Post relates to the period following an event, particularly in a medical context such as rehabilitation after SCI. Post-injury care is crucial for ensuring proper recovery and is often managed through integrated therapies that address physical, mental, and emotional health.
52) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological refers to the study and application of drugs and their effects on biological systems. In Ayurveda, understanding pharmacological properties of herbs is fundamental for developing effective treatment protocols, ensuring that remedies not only alleviate symptoms but also contribute to overall health.
53) Vatavyadhi (Vata-vyadhi):
Vatavyadhi encompasses diseases largely influenced by Vata dosha, which governs motion in the body. Ayurvedic treatments address these conditions through a combination of herbal interventions, dietary regulations, and specific therapies aimed at alleviating symptoms and restoring dosha equilibrium.
54) Shrinkhala (Srnkhala, Srmkhala):
Shrinkhala denotes a concept in Ayurveda referring to the pathology affecting the bones or joints. It is crucial for practitioners to identify and address conditions related to Shrinkhala to facilitate optimal healing and management of skeletal-related issues in patients.
55) Vatadosha (Vatadosa, Vata-dosha):
Vatadosha is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, characterized by qualities of air and space. Imbalances in Vatadosha can lead to various health issues, including those associated with nerve function and mobility, making its regulation vital in therapeutic interventions.
56) Shankara (Sankara, Samkara, Sham-kara):
Shankara is often associated with wisdom and a deep understanding of Ayurvedic principles and practices. Scholars and practitioners embodying this name suggest a commitment to integrating traditional wisdom with modern medicine to enhance healing outcomes.
57) Abhyanga (Abhyamga):
Abhyanga refers to the Ayurvedic practice of self-massage using warm herbal oils, promoting relaxation, circulation, and detoxification. It is particularly beneficial in addressing Vata imbalances, alleviating stiffness, and improving overall physical and emotional well-being.
58) Varanasi (Varanashi):
Varanasi is a city in India renowned for its historical and cultural significance in Ayurveda. As a center of traditional medicine and learning, Varanasi plays a vital role in the continuation and evolution of Ayurvedic practices, providing a rich knowledge base for practitioners.
59) Sanskrit:
Sanskrit is the ancient language of India from which many Ayurvedic texts are derived. Understanding Sanskrit facilitates access to traditional knowledge, enhancing the ability to interpret ancient texts and apply their profound insights into modern healing practices.
60) Samhita:
Samhita refers to a compilation or collection of verses or texts in Ayurveda, containing guidelines on medicinal practices. These ancient texts are pivotal for preserving Ayurvedic knowledge and providing foundational principles for practitioners in the effective management of health conditions.
61) Kashaya (Kasaya):
Kashaya refers to decoctions or herbal teas in Ayurveda, often used for their therapeutic properties. These preparations play a crucial role in detoxifying the body and managing various health conditions by providing nourishment and supporting physiological functions.
62) Shukra (Sukra):
Shukra refers to reproductive fluid in Ayurveda, symbolizing vitality and strength. Its health is crucial for reproductive health and overall vitality, illustrating the importance of nurturing Shukra through appropriate lifestyle choices and Ayurvedic therapies.
63) Vyadhin (Vyadhi):
Vyadhi refers to disease or illness in Ayurveda, emphasizing the need for a holistic understanding of health conditions. Effective management involves examining the underlying causes and employing tailored treatments that align with individual constitutions and imbalances.
64) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Sharma is a common surname in India, often associated with scholars and practitioners in healthcare. Individuals with this surname may contribute rich insights into traditional medical practices, particularly in the context of Ayurveda and its applications in contemporary health issues.
65) Indian:
Indian refers to the cultural and historical background associated with India, including its rich traditions in medicine and holistic health practices. Understanding Indian cultural practices is integral to effectively applying Ayurvedic principles and treatments in contemporary healthcare.
66) Sira (Shira):
Shira refers to the head in Ayurvedic terms and encompasses various health aspects related to mental and neurological functions. Treatments targeting Shira help alleviate conditions like headaches and cognitive dysfunction, promoting balance and well-being.
67) Gupta:
Gupta is a common surname in India, often linked to individuals in diverse fields, including medicine and academia. Those with the surname Gupta may deliver significant contributions to the understanding and practice of Ayurveda and healthcare policies.
68) Nigam (Ni-gam):
Nigam is a surname in India and often associated with practitioners or scholars in traditional medicine. Individuals with this surname may focus on integrating Ayurvedic practices into healthcare systems, promoting a better understanding of natural healing methodologies.
69) Water:
Water is a vital element in Ayurveda, believed to promote balance and nourishment in the body. It plays a critical role in maintaining hydration, cellular function, and detoxification, particularly in Ayurvedic treatments that emphasize cleansing and rejuvenation.
70) Rules:
Rules in healthcare typically denote guidelines or protocols governing clinical practices. Adhering to established rules ensures patient safety and enhances the consistency and effectiveness of treatments, crucial in therapies involving Ayurveda and modern medicine.
71) Death:
Death signifies the end of life and is a natural part of the human experience. In healthcare, understanding death is essential for providing compassionate care, particularly for terminal conditions. Discussions surrounding death can also inform practices in palliative and end-of-life care.
72) Earth:
Earth represents one of the five elements in Ayurveda, symbolizing stability and structure. It plays a crucial role in maintaining physical health, grounding energy, and embodying the principles of nourishment and support necessary for overall well-being.
73) Tera:
Thera, often associated with therapy or healing, emphasizes the importance of therapeutic interventions in managing health conditions. It underscores the relevance of personalized treatment plans tailored to the unique needs of individuals, enhancing recovery and well-being.
74) Prana (Pran):
Prana represents the vital life force or energy flowing within living beings, crucial in Ayurvedic philosophy. Balancing Prana through various therapeutic modalities, such as Yoga and Ayurveda, fosters health, emotional stability, and overall vitality.
75) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa refers to the essence or taste conveyed through food and herbal preparations in Ayurveda. Understanding Rasa is vital for dietary planning, influencing physiological responses that can enhance health and well-being when applied appropriately.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 142]
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