Temp and pressure profile of Pudam in Siddha Padigara Parpam.

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Journal name: Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine
Original article title: Preliminary investigation of temperature and pressure profile of pudam in the preparation of Siddha medicine Padigara parpam
The Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine (JAIM) is an open-access publication promoting collaboration between Ayurveda, traditional medicine, and biomedicine, publishing research on integrative health sciences
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Original source:

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Author:

A.S. Ganesh Kumar, Senthilvelan Selvaraj


Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine:

(A monthly peer-reviewed publication)

Full text available for: Preliminary investigation of temperature and pressure profile of pudam in the preparation of Siddha medicine Padigara parpam

Year: 2023 | Doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100762

Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-ND 4.0


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Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Temp and pressure profile of Pudam in Siddha Padigara Parpam.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Cow dung:
Cow dung is a significant component used in various traditional processes, notably in Siddha and Ayurveda practices. It's processed to create fuel in the pudam heating method, which is essential for the calcination and purification of raw materials in medicine preparation. Its composition supports sustainable practices.

2) Medicine:
Medicine refers to substances used for treating diseases and maintaining health. In the context of Siddha and Ayurveda, it encompasses various natural remedies derived from plants, minerals, and animal products. Understanding the preparation methods, such as pudam, reveals insights into traditional healing practices and their scientific underpinnings.

3) Bhasma (Bhasman):
Bhasma, a term for incinerated or calcined substances in Ayurveda and Siddha, plays a crucial role in medicinal formulations. It signifies thoroughly purified materials that have undergone specific heat treatments, ensuring their potency and safety. Research on bhasma contributes to understanding ancient practices and potential health benefits.

4) Heating:
Heating is a vital process in the production of traditional medicines, particularly in methodologies to achieve desired chemical transformations. In the context of pudam, controlled heating influences the quality and efficacy of the final product, emphasizing the need for precise temperature control in herbal medicine.

5) Table:
The term 'table' often relates to data representation in research and studies. In scientific literature, tables are crucial for organizing complex information, such as experimental results, parameters, and findings. They facilitate comprehension and analysis, making it easier for researchers to present their work transparently.

6) Puta:
Puta denotes various traditional heating methods employed in Ayurveda and Siddha to purify and process raw materials. These techniques signify the ancient wisdom of thermal applications to enhance the medicinal properties of substances, guiding the formulation of effective treatments and enriching the understanding of historical practices.

7) Surface:
Surface considerations are essential in thermal process evaluations, particularly concerning heat transfer during traditional medicine preparations. For example, the surface area of materials influences their exposure to heat, affecting the efficiency of processes like pudam. Understanding surface interactions helps optimize traditional manufacturing methods.

8) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is a holistic health system rooted in ancient Indian traditions, focusing on balancing body, mind, and spirit. Its practices encompass herbal medicine, dietary guidelines, and lifestyle modifications. Research into Ayurveda helps validate its therapeutic approaches, bridging the gap between traditional knowledge and modern scientific understanding.

9) Siddha:
Siddha is one of the oldest systems of medicine in India, emphasizing a harmonious approach toward health. It incorporates various therapies, including herbal remedies, minerals, and alchemical processes. Investigating Siddha practices helps elucidate traditional healing methods, potentially contributing to modern healthcare narratives and holistic treatment methodologies.

10) Indian:
Indian culture and heritage include various traditional systems of medicine like Ayurveda and Siddha, emphasizing natural remedies and holistic health. The integration of ancient practices in contemporary healthcare underscores the value of indigenous knowledge. Studying these practices reveals rich historical insights to enhance modern medical science.

11) Lauha:
Lauha refers to iron in traditional medicine contexts, particularly in Ayurvedic practices. Its preparation, such as Lauha-bhasma, involves a meticulous process of purification through heating, enhancing its therapeutic efficacy. Evaluating Lauha contributes to understanding the medicinal use of metals in traditional therapies.

12) Firing:
Firing denotes the process of applying heat, particularly vital in traditional medicine preparation. Techniques like pudam involve specific firing methods that influence material purity and efficacy. The understanding of firing conditions is essential in improving the consistency and quality of medicinal formulations.

13) Kumar:
Kumar often refers to individuals involved in research or contributions within the Siddha and Ayurveda context. In academic discussions, acknowledging researchers like Kumar reflects collaborative efforts in exploring and validating traditional practices through scientific methodologies.

14) Science (Scientific):
Science encompasses the systematic study of the natural world through observation and experimentation. In the context of traditional medicine, the application of scientific methodologies validates ancient healing practices, bridging traditional knowledge with empirical findings to inform modern healthcare approaches for a more integrated practice.

15) Study (Studying):
Studying refers to the systematic investigation of subjects, essential for reinforcing knowledge across disciplines. In traditional medicine, studying processes like pudam enhances understanding of methodologies and guidelines established by ancient cultures, facilitating the integration of historical practices within contemporary scientific frameworks.

16) Lauhabhasma (Lauha-bhasma):
Lauha-bhasma is a resultant form of iron after undergoing the pudam process, emphasizing purification via intense heat. It embodies the transformation of metals into potent medicines in Ayurveda. Exploring Lauha-bhasma’s properties reinforces the significance of mineral-based therapies in ancient healing systems for potential contemporary applications.

17) Burning (Burn, Burned, Burnt):
Burning is an integral part of processes like pudam to incinerate and purify raw materials for medicinal use. It influences the chemical transformation and detoxification of substances. Researching burning techniques sheds light on the efficacy and safety of traditional medicines, guiding their modern applications.

18) Reason:
In scientific contexts, reason pertains to the rationale behind practices or findings. Understanding the reason for traditional methodologies, such as why specific heating processes are employed, helps decipher their significance and efficacy, contributing to the broader knowledge of ancient medicinal systems.

19) Gupta:
Gupta refers to contributors or researchers involved in exploring traditional practices. Their findings and methodologies provide insights into Ayurvedic and Siddha healing techniques. Acknowledging their work underscores the importance of collaborative research efforts in enhancing our understanding of holistic and traditional medicine.

20) Gaja:
Gaja refers to a specific type of traditional heating (Gaja-puta) involving large quantities of cow dung. Exploring Gaja's characteristics and methods helps deepen the understanding of complex heating processes in Siddha and Ayurveda, linking ancient techniques to contemporary scientific evaluations of efficacy and practice.

21) Chennai:
Chennai is a significant city in India, home to a wealth of traditional medicine practices, particularly Siddha. The city's cultural heritage includes ancient healing systems, playing a crucial role in preserving and promoting traditional health knowledge while integrating modern scientific research.

22) Tamil:
Tamil refers to the language and cultural context associated with Siddha medicine. Many ancient texts detailing therapeutic and healing protocols are written in Tamil, reflecting the rich heritage of traditional practices. Understanding Tamil enhances access to original sources and the nuances of Siddha teachings.

23) Vanga (Vamga):
Vanga, or tin, is a metal utilized in traditional medicine preparations. The use of Vanga in formulations such as Vanga-bhasma highlights the significance of mineral-based treatments within Ayurvedic practice. Understanding its application contributes to the exploration of metal therapeutics in ancient Indian medicine.

24) Fire:
Fire is fundamental in traditional healing processes, particularly in methods like pudam, where heat application purifies and transforms raw materials. The dynamics of fire control and manipulation during these practices is crucial for efficacy, making it essential to study in understanding historical medicinal methods.

25) Gajaputa (Gaja-puta):
Gaja-puta refers to a heating process employing abundant cow dung. This traditional technique showcases ancient methodologies for calcination and purification in Siddha medicine. Investigating Gaja-puta helps highlight the cultural significance and scientific principles behind ancient heating practices in herbal medicine preparations.

26) Nature:
Nature encompasses the broader environmental context from which medicinal ingredients are sourced. Understanding nature's role in traditional medicine emphasizes sustainability and the importance of ecosystem health in the continuity of practices like Ayurveda and Siddha, reinforcing their reliance on natural resources.

27) Manure:
Manure, particularly cow dung, serves as an organic material in traditional heating processes. Its thermal properties and combustion characteristics make it an ideal fuel source in methods like pudam. Studying manure supports sustainable fuel practices in Ayurveda, emphasizing its importance in holistic medicinal preparation.

28) Rice (Rce):
Rice, often viewed as a staple food, also plays a role in traditional medicine preparations. Variants such as rice husk are involved in various heating methods. Exploring rice's implications helps expand understanding of ingredients utilized in ancient healing practices and modern applications.

29) Drug:
Drug pertains to substances used in the treatment of health conditions. Within Ayurveda and Siddha, it highlights the synthesis of natural materials into effective therapeutic agents. Investigating drug formulations promotes awareness of traditional practices, fostering a dialogue between ancient wisdom and modern therapeutic methodologies.

30) Purification:
Purification represents a critical process in traditional medicine preparation. It involves removing impurities and enhancing the therapeutic potential of raw materials, especially when using complex methods like pudam. Understanding purification techniques is essential for validating and standardizing traditional practices within modern healthcare paradigms.

31) Makshika (Maksika):
Makshika, a term referring to a specific medicinal formulation in Ayurveda, underscores the diversity of treatments within traditional systems. Research on Makshika reveals insights into the historical use of metals and substances, enhancing the understanding of how these formulations address various health conditions.

32) Pottery:
Pottery refers to the crafting of earthen vessels used in traditional heating methods. Such vessels play a significant role in processes like pudam, impacting the heating efficiency and purity of the final product. Investigating pottery techniques highlights the intersection of craftsmanship and medicinal preparation.

33) Shankha (Sankha, Samkha, Shamkha):
Shankha refers to conch shells often used in Ayurveda, especially in formulations like Shankha-bhasma. Researching Shankha emphasizes the importance of unique marine sources in traditional medicine, leading to a better understanding of natural variability in medicinal compounds and their targeted therapeutic applications.

34) Varaha:
Varaha refers to a traditional heating technique used in the preparation of medicines. Varaha-puta exemplifies the significance of specific methods in Siddha practices, emphasizing the need to study these traditional techniques scientifically for potential modern applications and improved understanding of their efficacy.

35) Nish (Nisa, Nis, Nishe, Nisha):
Nisha references specific individuals or researchers contributing to the study of traditional medicine practices, adding depth to the collective understanding of Siddha and Ayurveda. Acknowledging their contributions highlights collaborative efforts essential for validating historical medical practices within the contemporary scientific framework.

36) Varahaputa (Varaha-puta):
Varaha-puta, as a specific type of traditional processing method, showcases ancient heating practices crucial for preparing medicinal substances. Researching Varaha-puta provides insight into the techniques used in Siddha medicine, offering potential pathways to align ancient wisdom with modern scientific principles in health care.

37) Surrounding:
Surrounding pertains to the environmental context where traditional healing processes occur. It includes the physical, cultural, and ecological factors that influence medicinal practices. Understanding this context enriches knowledge of Siddha and Ayurveda, emphasizing the interconnection between environment, practice, and health.

38) Evolution:
Evolution represents the development and refinement of traditional medicinal practices over centuries. Studying the evolution of systems like Siddha and Ayurveda reveals insights into the long-standing adaptation of healing methods, underscoring the significance of ongoing research and modernization of ancient practices.

39) Triphala (Tri-phala):
Triphala is a prominent herbal formulation in Ayurveda, recognized for its holistic health benefits. Its composition of three fruits reflects the integration of nature in medicinal practices. The study of Triphala contributes significantly to understanding the synergistic effects of herbal combinations in promoting health.

40) Varanasi (Varanashi):
Varanasi is an ancient city in India known for its rich cultural legacy, including traditional medicine practices. The city serves as a hub for Ayurveda education and practice, and researching Varanasi’s contributions enlightens the historical backdrop and modern developments in Siddha and Ayurvedic healing.

41) Shukla (Sukla):
Shukla refers to significant contributors or researchers within the field of Ayurveda and Siddha. Their findings are essential for understanding ancient practices and bridging them with contemporary approaches, highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary research in enhancing traditional medicinal systems.

42) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Sharma often represents individuals who contribute to the study of traditional medicine. Individuals with this name may have undertaken important research, influencing the understanding of Siddha practices. Acknowledging such figures emphasizes the role of collaboration and scholarly contributions in evolving traditional medicine.

43) Medium:
Medium refers to agents or materials acting as conduits for processes such as heat transfer in traditional medicine preparation. Understanding mediums such as the porous nature of clay in earthen vessels aids in realizing the intricate dynamics of traditional heating techniques in medicine like pudam.

44) Powder:
Powder signifies the state of raw materials processed for use in traditional medicine. In Siddha and Ayurveda, the fineness of powders plays a vital role in their efficacy during formulations. Understanding powder properties contributes to optimizing traditional medicinal practices and their applications.

45) Tamra:
Tamra, or copper, is an essential metal used in Ayurvedic formulations. The processes involving Tamra highlight the significance of metal treatment in enhancing therapeutic properties. Investigating Tamra's applications contributes to understanding the medicinal importance of metals in traditional healing systems.

46) Lanka (Lamka, Lànkà):
Lanka often refers to connections between traditional medicinal practices across regions. In historical contexts, the sharing and adaptation of medicinal knowledge can influence local practices. Understanding these connections enriches the understanding of Indian medicinal systems and their diverse methodologies.

47) Annal:
Annal refers to a record or historical account pertaining to traditional medicine practices. The study of annals provides insight into the historical evolution and documentation of Siddha and Ayurveda, emphasizing the importance of preserving traditional knowledge for future generations.

48) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa refers to the taste or essence of substances used in Ayurvedic medicine, embodying a principle in treatment modalities. Understanding Rasa enhances knowledge of how flavors and essences influence therapeutic outcomes, leading to a deeper comprehension of ancient practices in modern health care.

49) Aman (A-man):
Aman signifies individuals contributing to the study and research of traditional medicines. In academic literature, acknowledging contributors named Aman emphasizes the collaborative effort required for exploring and validating historical practices, showcasing the importance of interdisciplinary research in promoting ancient healing methods.

50) Food:
Food represents one of the foundational elements in sustaining health, often interlinked with traditional medicine practices. Both Ayurveda and Siddha emphasize dietary aspects in maintaining wellness. Understanding the interplay of food and medicine aids in promoting health holistically, reflecting a balance in lifestyle choices.

51) Sahu:
Sahu typically refers to contributors or researchers engaged in documenting or validating traditional healing practices. Their work is crucial in bridging traditional knowledge with contemporary scientific inquiry, reinforcing the relevance of preserving ancient medicinal systems and practices in modern healthcare narratives.

52) Shash (Sas, Sash, Sad, Shas, Shad):
Shas, often synonymous with traditional medicine systems like Ayurveda or Siddha, encompasses a vast body of knowledge focusing on health and healing. Understanding Shas provides insights into ancient methodologies that inform contemporary practices, emphasizing the need for integrative approaches in health care.

53) Mental health:
Mental health relates to the emotional and psychological well-being of individuals. In traditional practices, addressing mental health encompasses holistic approaches that consider emotional, physical, and spiritual dimensions. Understanding the integration of mental health in Ayurveda reveals its significance in promoting overall well-being.

54) Peer review:
Peer review is an essential process in academic publishing, ensuring quality and credibility of research findings. In the context of traditional medicine research, peer review plays a crucial role in validating studies, promoting rigorous scientific standards, and enhancing the dissemination of knowledge in health care.

55) Tamrabhasma (Tamra-bhasma):
Tamra-bhasma is a specific form of copper used in Ayurvedic medicine, emphasizing its therapeutic applications. The preparation of Tamra-bhasma involves meticulous processes to ensure potency. Studying Tamra-bhasma highlights ancient practices of metal use in medicine, bridging historical knowledge with contemporary scientific exploration.

56) Conch-shell:
Conch-shells hold significance in traditional medicine formulations, often used for their unique properties in treatments. In Ayurvedic practices, conch-shell powder showcases the integration of natural elements into healing processes. Research surrounding its applications enhances understanding of diverse materials in enhancing medicinal formulations.

57) Calculation:
Calculation pertains to the analytical aspects of research where measurements, data collection, and statistical analysis play a critical role. In traditional medicine studies, rigorous calculation methods are vital for validating results, aiding in accurate interpretations of processes, effectiveness, and safety of treatments.

58) Discussion:
Discussion sections in research papers elucidate the implications, interpretations, and significance of findings. In the context of traditional medicine studies, discussions bridge the gap between ancient practices and modern scientific understandings, facilitating a comprehensive dialogue on efficacy, safety, and relevance in contemporary health care.

59) Mahaputa (Maha-puta):
Maha-puta references an extensive heating method within the context of traditional medicine preparation. This technique exemplifies sophisticated thermal processes aimed at purifying and transforming raw materials. Studying Maha-puta enriches understanding of Siddha practices, linking ancient methodologies to modern scientific exploration of effectiveness in medicinal practices.

60) Substance:
Substance encapsulates the materials utilized in traditional medicine preparations. It emphasizes the essential nature of elemental components, such as herbs and minerals, that contribute to efficacy. Investigating substances reveals the interconnectedness of ingredients within traditional formulations and their role in holistic health.

61) Education:
Education involves the dissemination of knowledge, particularly in contexts of traditional medicine. In Ayurveda and Siddha, education aims to preserve ancient practices while integrating contemporary scientific methodologies into training of practitioners, thereby bridging traditional wisdom and modern health care paradigms.

62) Moon-light (Moonlight):
Moonlight signifies a specific environmental factor considered in traditional medicine practices. Certain healing methodologies may rely on lunar phases for optimal effectiveness, indicating a deep-rooted belief in natural rhythms influencing health. Exploring moonlight in Ayurveda emphasizes the interconnectedness of nature and traditional healing practices.

63) Sharava (Sarava):
Sharava signifies a specific type of apparatus used in traditional medicine preparation. Understanding Sharava’s role highlights the practical aspects of ancient healing methodologies, emphasizing the craftsmanship and technical skills involved in producing effective treatments in Siddha and Ayurveda.

64) Chandra:
Chandra refers to the lunar aspect often incorporated in traditional healing practices, embodying wisdom associated with astrology and natural cycles. In Ayurveda, lunar considerations may influence treatment timings, emphasizing the synchronization between cosmic elements and health practices integral to holistic care.

65) Gauhati:
Gauhati is significant for its cultural and historical contributions to traditional medicine, particularly in the northeastern regions of India. The city serves as a hub for exploring Ayurveda and Siddha practices, emphasizing the integration of local traditions into broader health discussions and research.

66) Disease:
Disease pertains to any deviation from normal bodily functions, calling for medicinal intervention. Traditional medicine systems like Ayurveda and Siddha provide holistic approaches to disease management, emphasizing natural remedies and wellness practices that enhance health and prevent ailments.

67) Mineral:
Minerals represent essential components in traditional medicine formulations, often utilized for their therapeutic properties. The use of minerals like Lauha or Tamra highlights the significance of metal therapeutics in Ayurveda and Siddha, blending ancient practices with contemporary scientific exploration and validation.

68) Marana:
Marana refers to the process of detoxification and purification of substances in traditional medicine. Understanding Marana highlights the methodologies employed to ensure the safety and efficacy of raw materials, reinforcing the structural integrity of medicinal formulations within Siddha and Ayurveda practices.

69) Tamara:
Tamara signifies copper within Ayurvedic frameworks, emphasizing its role in health treatments. The preparation and use of Tamara in various forms reflect the historical significance of metals in traditional healing, guiding current perspectives on mineral-based therapeutic applications.

70) Paruva:
Paruva represents specific seasonal considerations in traditional medicine preparations, emphasizing the importance of aligning healing processes with natural cycles. Understanding seasonal impacts on medicinal practices enriches the knowledge of Ayurveda and its holistic approach to health and treatment.

71) Potter:
Potter refers to the artisans involved in creating traditional earthen vessels used for heating processes in Siddha and Ayurveda. Their craftsmanship influences the efficiency and effectiveness of traditional heating methods, highlighting the integration of artisanal skills in medicinal practices.

72) Animal:
Animal products and derivatives play essential roles in traditional medicine practices, contributing unique therapeutic properties. Understanding the use of animal sources in Ayurveda highlights the holistic approach to health that integrates various biological resources for effective treatment formulations.

73) Filling (Filled):
Filled refers to the process of saturating traditional vessels with substances during medicine preparation. Ensuring appropriate filling dynamics is crucial for maintaining thermal efficiency and efficacy during heating processes, impacting the overall quality of the medicinal formulations produced.

74) Bhumi:
Bhoomi refers to the earthly context or soil used in traditional medicine preparations, emphasizing the importance of natural resources in creating effective herbal remedies. Understanding Bhoomi enriches the appreciation of the interconnectedness of nature and traditional healing methodologies.

75) India:
India is the birthplace of several ancient medicinal systems, including Ayurveda and Siddha. The country's rich cultural diversity encompasses a wealth of traditional health practices, providing valuable insights into the integration of herbal and mineral treatments that inform global health discussions today.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 85]

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Siddha medicine, Thermal conductivity, Calcination, Porosity, Manufacturing processes, Holding time, Temperature profile, Cow dung cake, Pudam process, Cooling phase.

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