Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of Amoora rohituka leaf extracts

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of Amoora rohituka leaf extracts”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Cancer:
Cancer refers to a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body. It poses significant health challenges globally and requires effective treatment approaches. Research on cancer therapies, including those derived from natural products, like the study involving Amoora rohituka leaves, aims to develop more efficient treatment options.

2) Table:
A table is a systematic arrangement of data, often presented in rows and columns to facilitate easy understanding. In scientific literature, tables summarize experimental results, methodologies, and phytochemical profiles. The referenced table in the study provides insight into the phytochemical constituents of different extracts from Amoora rohituka leaves, aiding further research and development.

3) Drug:
A drug is a substance used for diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of diseases. In the context of cancer research, drugs that induce apoptosis or inhibit tumor growth are crucial. The extracts from Amoora rohituka are explored for their potential in developing alternative drugs for breast cancer treatment, emphasizing the importance of natural compounds in pharmacotherapy.

4) Activity:
Activity in this context refers to the biological or pharmacological effects produced by a substance, particularly its effectiveness in treating diseases. The study investigates the anticancer activity of leaf extracts of Amoora rohituka, measuring their potential against breast cancer cells. Understanding activity is essential for determining therapeutic efficacy in clinical settings.

5) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are naturally occurring chemical compounds found in plants, which can have beneficial effects on health. They are targets for drug development, particularly in oncology. The study highlights various phytochemicals, such as alkaloids and flavonoids, in Amoora rohituka and their roles in exhibiting anticancer properties, showcasing the importance of plant-derived compounds in medicine.

6) Kumar:
Kumar is a common Indian surname and is often associated with individuals in various academic studies. In the context of this research, it refers to an author involved in the study of Amoora rohituka. Acknowledgment of contributors showcases collaboration and the importance of diverse expertise in conducting and advancing scientific research.

7) Line:
In scientific research, 'line' often refers to a cell line used in experiments. In this study, the MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cell line is utilized to assess the cytotoxic effects of plant extracts. Research involving specific cell lines is crucial for understanding drug interactions and effectiveness in cancer therapy.

8) Medium:
In a scientific context, medium usually refers to the substance in which experiments are conducted, especially in microbiology or pharmacology. In this study, specific growth mediums are used for cultivating cancer cell lines. The choice of medium influences cell growth conditions, affecting the outcome and interpretation of experimental results.

9) Death:
Death in this context refers to the process of cell death, particularly programmed cell death or apoptosis, which is essential in cancer treatment. The study observes that extracts from Amoora rohituka induce apoptosis in cancer cells, highlighting the importance of understanding mechanistic pathways of cell death for developing effective therapies against cancer.

10) India:
India is the country of origin for Amoora rohituka and plays a significant role in traditional medicine practices like Ayurveda. The study emphasizes India's rich biodiversity and its contribution to discovering potential therapeutic agents. Understanding local medicinal plants is vital for advancing pharmacological research and providing culturally relevant healthcare solutions.

11) Study (Studying):
A study refers to a systematic investigation designed to establish facts or principles or to collect information on a subject. This particular study focuses on evaluating the anticancer potential of leaf extracts of Amoora rohituka. Methodical studies contribute to scientific knowledge, enhancing the development of new therapeutic options in medicine.

12) Food:
Food refers to substances consumed to provide nutritional support for the body's biological functions. While this study primarily investigates plant extracts for medicinal uses, the connection between nutrition, dietary phytochemicals, and health outcomes can influence cancer prevention and treatment strategies, emphasizing the holistic approach involving diet and lifestyle.

13) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Sharma is a common surname in India and is often associated with individuals in various academic and professional fields. Within the context of this research, it represents one of the contributing authors involved in the investigation of the cytotoxic effects of Amoora rohituka extract, showcasing collaboration in scientific research efforts.

14) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a group of plant secondary metabolites known for their antioxidant properties and potential health benefits. They are significant in cancer research due to their role in modulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. The presence of flavonoids in Amoora rohituka suggests that this plant may carry anticancer properties worth exploring further in therapeutic applications.

15) Disease:
A disease is any impairment that interferes with the normal functioning of an organism. In this study, breast cancer is the primary disease of interest. Research into natural remedies, like those from Amoora rohituka, aims to provide alternative treatment options that could potentially improve outcomes for patients suffering from such diseases, highlighting the importance of traditional medicine in modern healthcare.

16) Gupta:
Gupta is a common Indian surname and may refer to one of the authors contributing to the study of Amoora rohituka. Collaborative efforts among researchers with different backgrounds enrich scientific inquiry, enabling a comprehensive approach to understanding how plant extracts could lead to novel anticancer treatments.

17) Tapi:
DAPI, or 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, is a fluorescent stain that interacts specifically with DNA. In this research, DAPI staining is used to analyze nuclear morphology in MCF-7 cells to assess apoptosis. Such techniques are vital in cancer research for visualizing cellular changes and confirming mechanisms of action for potential therapeutic agents.

18) Transformation (Transform, Transforming):
Transformed refers to a process whereby cells undergo changes, particularly pertinent in cancer research, where normal cells convert into cancerous ones. This concept is essential in understanding the pathways by which substances such as plant extracts can effectuate a reversion or modulation of malignancy. The study underscores the relevance of identifying compounds that could potentially reverse transformation in cancer cells.

19) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is a traditional system of medicine developed in India, emphasizing natural healing and holistic care. The medicinal properties of plants like Amoora rohituka have been historically documented in Ayurvedic texts. Integrating Ayurveda with modern pharmacological practices can enhance the understanding of plant-derived treatments for diseases like cancer, enriching therapeutic strategies and patient care.

20) Toxicity:
Toxicity refers to the degree to which a substance can cause harm to an organism. Assessing the toxicity of plant extracts is crucial in determining their safety for therapeutic use. This study emphasizes the importance of evaluating the toxicity of Amoora rohituka extracts to establish their efficacy against cancer while ensuring they are safe for normal cells, like L929 cells.

21) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illness. The exploration of natural products, such as extracts from Amoora rohituka, is vital in the continual search for new therapeutic agents. Understanding these relationships is key to developing effective treatment strategies that incorporate traditional remedies into modern medicine.

22) Shukla (Sukla):
Shukla is a common surname in India and signifies a contributor to the study on the anticancer effects of Amoora rohituka extracts. Recognizing the contributions of various researchers emphasizes the collaborative nature of scientific research, essential for advancing knowledge in pharmacotherapy and cancer treatment innovations.

23) Indian:
Indian refers to anything related to the geography, culture, or people of India. This term is particularly significant in the context of this study as it pertains to the traditional uses of plants like Amoora rohituka in Indian medicine and the ongoing efforts to validate these practices through modern scientific research, enhancing global health knowledge.

24) Family:
Family refers to a group of related organisms that share common genetic traits. In this study, Amoora rohituka belongs to the Meliaceae family, which includes several other medicinal plants. Understanding the relationships within plant families can aid in discovering beneficial properties and synergistic effects that enhance therapeutic potentials in various medicinal applications.

25) Powder:
Powder in this context refers to the ground form of plant materials used to prepare extracts for biological testing. The leaves of Amoora rohituka were powdered to enhance the extraction of phytochemicals, which are crucial for assessing their biological activity against cancer cells. Proper preparation of powders is essential for effective phytochemical extraction and subsequent analysis.

26) Miṇi (Mini):
Mini refers to a smaller version of something larger or a concise format. In scientific literature, mini-reviews summarize key findings in a specific area of research. The mini aspect of the investigation emphasizes efficient exploration of the anticancer properties of plant extracts, allowing for a focus on relevant data without exhaustive detail, effective for preliminary assessments.

27) Rich (Rch):
Rich describes the abundance or variety of certain compounds in a given entity. The study indicates that Amoora rohituka leaves are rich in phytochemicals, contributing to their observed biological activities. Acknowledging the richness of specific components is crucial for researchers aiming to harness these resources for drug development and for elucidating their pharmacological profiles in greater detail.

28) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotic refers to substances that inhibit or kill bacterial growth. Although this study focuses on anticancer properties, understanding antibiotic properties of plant extracts can broaden their therapeutic potential. It highlights the significance of exploring multi-faceted benefits of herbal medicines, which may lead to advancements in both infectious disease and cancer treatment strategies.

29) Chemotherapy:
Chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment using drugs to kill or slow the growth of cancer cells. This study emphasizes the need for alternative therapies to reduce the side effects often associated with conventional chemotherapy. Exploring natural compounds like those derived from Amoora rohituka holds promise for developing new treatment strategies that minimize toxicity while effectively targeting cancer cells.

30) Developing:
Developing signifies the process of growth or elaboration, particularly in scientific research related to therapeutics. In this context, developing highlights the need for new therapeutic alternatives derived from natural resources, such as extracts from Amoora rohituka. The focus shifts towards realizing the potential of these plant extracts in formulating novel drugs against cancer and other diseases.

31) Vasudeva (Vasu-deva):
Vasudeva is a surname that may denote scholarly contributors to the research on Amoora rohituka. Academic collaboration among researchers with diverse backgrounds enhances the study's credibility and comprehensiveness, promoting a holistic approach to investigating the plant's potential therapeutic effects against breast cancer and enriching biomedical research as a whole.

32) Chandra:
Chandra is a common surname in India and, in this study, identifies one of the contributors involved in researching the anticancer properties of Amoora rohituka. Acknowledging individual contributors facilitates recognition of collaborative efforts in scientific research, essential in advancing therapeutic applications derived from traditional knowledge and natural products.

33) Science (Scientific):
Science is the systematic pursuit of knowledge encompassing various disciplines, including biology and pharmacology. This study exemplifies the application of scientific methodologies in assessing the anticancer potential of natural products. The interplay between traditional medicinal practices and modern scientific inquiry advances understanding and could lead to new therapeutic innovations in cancer treatment.

34) Surface:
Surface can refer to interactions occurring at the interface of cells or materials—a critical consideration in drug delivery and biological activity. The study might address how extracts from Amoora rohituka interact with cancer cell surfaces, impacting their effectiveness in inducing apoptosis. Understanding these interactions is essential for optimizing delivery mechanisms for therapeutic agents.

35) Vaidya:
Vaidya is a title often associated with practitioners of Ayurveda in India, emphasizing traditional medicine's relevance. This study links the Ayurvedic background of plants like Amoora rohituka to contemporary scientific exploration for cancer treatment, highlighting the continuing importance of traditional knowledge in developing modern pharmacological therapies.

36) Mishra (Misra):
Misra is a surname associated with one of the authors in this research study. It indicates scholarly involvement in the exploration of plant extracts for potential anticancer properties, facilitating progress in the understanding of natural anti-cancer therapies and the integration of traditional medicinal practices with modern scientific methods.

37) Kamali:
Kamali is likely referring to an author associated with the research study involving Amoora rohituka extracts. Author recognition is essential in academic publishing, as it highlights the importance of collaborative efforts in scientific research, particularly in exploring the health benefits and therapeutic applications of traditional medicinal plants in modern contexts.

38) Kumara:
Kumara is a common Indian surname that may refer to one of the collaborative authors in the study involving Amoora rohituka. Researchers contributing to such studies share expertise that enhances the research quality, demonstrating the collective effort needed to uncover the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants in fighting illnesses like cancer.

39) Priti:
Priti is another surname representing an author involved in the study of Amoora rohituka. In academic contexts, contributor recognition is vital for acknowledging interdisciplinary collaboration and the combined effort essential for advancing knowledge in pharmacognosy and the search for effective cancer treatments from natural sources.

40) Delhi:
Delhi, as the capital city of India, plays a significant role in academia and research. Mentioning Delhi signifies the geographical context of the study, linking it to institutions where researchers might collaborate. The city represents a hub for pharmaceutical development and is pivotal in traditional Indian medicine research, influencing contemporary practices.

41) Simha:
Sinha is a common surname in India, denoting one of the researchers participating in the study on the anticancer effects of Amoora rohituka leaves. Acknowledging each author's contribution is important in scientific literature, emphasizing collaborative research efforts that lead to advancements in understanding and treating diseases like cancer.

42) Malik:
Malik is a common surname in South Asia, which may refer to another contributor to the study examining the anticancer potential of Amoora rohituka extracts. The recognition of various researchers demonstrates the collaborative efforts essential for advancing scientific knowledge, especially in pharmacology and the development of therapeutic agents from traditional plants.

43) Patel:
Patel is a frequent surname in India, typically associated with individuals in fields related to agriculture, business, or medicine. In this study, it likely refers to an author contributing to the exploration of the medicinal properties of Amoora rohituka, showcasing the collective progress researchers are making in understanding the plant's potential benefits in cancer treatment.

44) Ayus (Ayush):
Ayush refers to the acronym indicating traditional systems of medicine, including Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy. This term emphasizes the connection of the study to traditional medical practices in India. Highlighting Ayush reinforces the importance of integrating traditional knowledge with modern pharmacological research representing a holistic healing approach.

45) Water:
Water is crucial for biological systems and serves as a solvent in botanical extractions. In the context of this study, water may be involved in the preparation of extracts from Amoora rohituka leaves. Understanding the role of solvents like water is vital in determining the efficacy of extracts in laboratory settings, influencing results and applications.

46) Ulcer:
An ulcer is a mucosal lesion that can occur in various parts of the body, often linked with diseases that compromise tissue integrity. As a mention in the context of traditional uses of Amoora rohituka, it signifies the plant's historical relevance in treating such conditions, underlining its potential role in developing new therapeutic options against related ailments.

47) Rules:
Rules in scientific studies ensure standardized methods and practices for validity and reproducibility. They govern the experimental design and data collection process, underpinning the rigor of the research on Amoora rohituka. Adhering to scientific rules is essential for producing credible results that can stand the test of peer review and contribute meaningfully to the field.

48) Blood:
Blood plays a vital role as a transport medium within the body, supplying nutrients and oxygen while removing waste. In traditional medicine practices, including Ayurveda, the treatment of blood-related disorders is significant. The study of Amoora rohituka in this context emphasizes the exploration of potential therapies for conditions affecting blood health, contributing to comprehensive medical research.

49) Guha:
Guha is a common surname in India and could denote a contributor involved in the research on the medicinal properties of Amoora rohituka. Acknowledging each author's contribution emphasizes the collaborative effort commonly seen in scientific research, which is essential to uncovering novel therapeutic alternatives in cancer treatment and related studies.

50) Nara:
Nara is likely a contributor’s surname associated with this study, highlighting the collaborative nature of scientific inquiry. Recognizing individuals involved provides insights into the roles of various researchers in advancing the discovery of plant-based therapeutic agents and strengthens the importance of interdisciplinary teamwork in healthcare solutions.

51) Arya:
Arya is a surname that likely denotes one of the authors engaged in the research concerning Amoora rohituka. Author recognition in scientific publications underscores the contributions of various stakeholders in the process of conducting research, particularly in the intricate field of pharmacology and the exploration of traditional medicine applications.

52) Alam (Alaṁ):
Alam is a common surname in South Asia and may refer to a contributor in the study analyzing the potential of Amoora rohituka extracts. Highlighting individual authors fosters an appreciation for collaborative efforts in research endeavors, enhancing the body of knowledge about medicinal plants and their therapeutic benefits.

53) Rana:
Rana is a surname that signifies another individual involved in the research of the anticancer properties of Amoora rohituka. Recognizing various authors is critical in academic contexts, illustrating that scientific progress often relies on collaborative investigation that integrates diverse expertise to advance therapeutic applications derived from nature.

54) Tora:
Tora may denote a reference to a plant or disease context in the study, highlighting the diversity of flora in India. While it could refer to Cassia tora, mentioned in herbal medicine, its connection expands the narrative about the potential of various plants in traditional medicine to offer insights in modern therapy against diseases such as cancer.

55) Sahu:
Sahu is a common surname in India that may correspond to one of the authors involved in the Amoora rohituka study. Acknowledgment of contributing authors emphasizes the collaborative nature of scientific research, indicating how a variety of perspectives enrich the exploration of natural products and their potential use in combating diseases.

56) Post:
Post often indicates the follow-up or subsequent details in a scientific discussion, such as observations or additional experiments following the primary research findings. The mention of post could refer to the ongoing implications or applications of the study's conclusions regarding Amoora rohituka, contributing to broader scientific dialogues.

57) Chan:
Chan is likely a contributor’s surname related to the study at hand, showcasing the collaborative efforts in the research on the potential of plant extracts in treating diseases. Recognizing individual contributors highlights the collective endeavor in addressing complex health challenges and underscores the importance of diverse expertise in scientific research.

58) Peer review:
Peer review is a critical process in academic publishing where experts evaluate the quality and validity of research before publication. This study underwent peer review, ensuring its findings regarding Amoora rohituka's anticancer properties were scrutinized, contributing to the credibility and reliability of the scientific literature, which is essential for advancing medicinal knowledge.

59) New Delhi:
New Delhi, as India's capital, symbolizes a vital center for research and education. Its mention represents the geographic and cultural context in which studies like the one on Amoora rohituka are conducted. The city's academic institutions play a crucial role in merging traditional knowledge with modern scientific inquiry, promoting research on herbal medicines.

60) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological pertains to the study of drugs and their effects on biological systems. This study emphasizes pharmacological research involving plant extracts from Amoora rohituka, exploring their potential to act as anticancer agents. Understanding pharmacological properties aids the discovery of new drug therapies, contributing to the field of medicinal plant research and development.

61) Pharmacology:
Pharmacology is the branch of medicine concerned with the effects and mechanisms of action of drugs. In this context, it pertains to studying the therapeutic effects of Amoora rohituka leaf extracts. Addressing pharmacology allows researchers to elucidate the possible drug interactions and efficacy of traditional compounds in treating diseases such as cancer.

62) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the section of a research paper where findings are interpreted and contextualized within existing literature. It is a vital aspect of scientific reporting, particularly discussing the implications of the findings related to the anticancer properties of Amoora rohituka. This section helps to place the study within broader contexts, advancing scientific discourse.

63) Knowledge:
Knowledge represents the understanding and information gained through study or experience. This study enhances knowledge about the potential anticancer activities of Amoora rohituka extracts, contributing valuable insights into traditional medicine practices. The integration of traditional knowledge with scientific research enriches the collective understanding of plant-based therapies in modern healthcare contexts.

64) Varanasi (Varanashi):
Varanasi is a city in India recognized for its historical significance in traditional medicine and Ayurveda. Its mention connects the study on Amoora rohituka to a region rich in herbal practices and research. The cultural heritage of Varanasi underscores the value of integrating local medicinal knowledge into contemporary scientific explorations for therapeutic advancements.

65) Quality:
Quality in scientific research refers to the standard of rigor, validity, and reliability of the results obtained. High-quality research is essential for enabling accurate conclusions and applications. The study assesses the quality of extracts from Amoora rohituka, focusing on identifying effective anticancer compounds, contributing to advancements in pharmaceutical and botanical sciences.

66) Nature:
Nature represents the natural world from which medicinal compounds are derived. In the context of this study, it underscores the importance of exploring plant sources like Amoora rohituka for discovering new therapeutic agents. Emphasizing nature highlights the significance of biodiversity in providing potential solutions to health challenges through natural product chemistry.

67) Fight:
Fight refers to the struggle against diseases, particularly cancer in this context. The study on Amoora rohituka extracts aims to explore new methods to effectively fight breast cancer, highlighting the ongoing efforts in research and development of novel therapeutic strategies. The language conveys the urgency and necessity for innovative solutions in oncology.

68) Noise:
Noise often refers to unwanted variations or disturbances in data. In scientific research, minimizing noise is critical to ensure clarity and accuracy in results. The study might address aspects of noise during experimental procedures related to the cytotoxicity assessment of plant extracts, emphasizing the need for precise methodologies to yield reliable findings.

69) Pune:
Pune is a city in India that may signify the location of an academic institution involved in the research. Its mention is relevant to identifying geographical origins of scientific inquiries. The presence of academic and research facilities in Pune plays an essential role in fostering research collaborations in the field of pharmacology and medical sciences.

70) Lamp:
Lamp may refer to a light source used in laboratory settings for various applications, including microscopy. Although not a primary focus of the study, the use of lamps in experiments highlights the importance of proper equipment in research. Adequate lighting is vital for observing cellular changes and analyzing experimental outcomes in scientific investigations.

71) Pir:
Peer refers to colleagues or equal-status individuals within the academic community engaged in the review process for research findings. The presence of peers in the context of this study emphasizes the collaborative atmosphere in scientific research, fostering collective understanding and validation of findings related to the anticancer efficacy of extracts from Amoora rohituka.