Design and development of Unani anti-inflammatory cream

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Design and development of Unani anti-inflammatory cream”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Drug:
The term 'Drug' refers to substances used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent diseases. In the context of the study, various herbal drugs within the Unani system of medicine are explored for their anti-inflammatory properties, outlining the necessity for alternatives to conventional drugs like NSAIDs, which potentially have adverse effects.

2) Table:
In scientific literature, a 'Table' is used to succinctly present data or research findings in an organized format. The study includes tables to summarize formulations, ingredients, physicochemical properties, and results from various experiments, facilitating easier comprehension of the data and comparison between different samples or treatments.

3) Water:
Water is a fundamental solvent in pharmaceutical and herbal formulations. In the context of Zimad Mohallil preparation, it is used alongside other ingredients to create the paste or cream formulation. Its role is critical in the extraction processes of herbal compounds and in achieving the desired consistency of the topical treatments.

4) Medicine:
The word 'Medicine' encompasses various practices and substances used to promote health or alleviate illness. It is relevant in this study as it focuses on the Unani medicinal system, illustrating how traditional formulations, such as Zimad, are utilized for treating inflammatory diseases, emphasizing the efficacy and benefits of herbal medicine.

5) New Delhi:
New Delhi is the capital of India, playing a crucial role in the governance and administration of the nation. It is mentioned in the study as the location of the Ministry of AYUSH, which oversees traditional medicine systems, including Unani, thereby influencing research funding and support for alternative medicine.

6) Delhi:
The capital city 'Delhi', acknowledged in the study, is significant for its historical and contemporary contributions to traditional medicine and healthcare. Researchers and health administrators based in Delhi work to promote and regulate diverse medical practices, including the Unani system, fostering an environment for research and innovation in medicine.

7) House:
In this context, 'House' refers to an institution or establishment, particularly regarding the setting of research and development for herbal medicine. It emphasizes the collaborative environment within institutions like the National Institute of Unani Medicine, where researchers work on formulating and validating traditional herbal treatments.

8) Study (Studying):
The term 'Study' refers to a systematic investigation into the formulation and effects of a specific herbal cream based on Unani medicine. In this context, it includes research methodologies, physicochemical evaluations, and comparisons with market creams, highlighting the scientific approach to validating traditional medicines.

9) Powder:
The word 'Powder' indicates the physical form of the initial herbal components used in the Zimad formulation. In Unani medicine, powdered herbs are essential for creating pastes or creams, as they allow for effective extraction of active constituents, playing a crucial role in the efficacy of the final cream product.

10) India:
India is relevant in the context as a country rich in traditional medicine systems, including Unani. It underlines the historical usage of herbal remedies and the ongoing research aims to consolidate these practices with modern scientific methodologies, thus promoting a hybrid approach to healthcare in Indian society.

11) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical refers to the bioactive compounds derived from plants that contribute to their medicinal properties. In the study, phytochemical analyses reveal the presence of various beneficial compounds in the herbal extracts, which justify their anti-inflammatory effects and support their use in formulating the Unani cream.

12) Activity:
The term 'Activity' denotes the biological effects exhibited by herbal ingredients when applied in treatments. In the study, it is primarily associated with 'anti-inflammatory activity' of the herbal extracts used in formulations, establishing a connection between traditional knowledge and contemporary pharmacological research.

13) Glass:
The term 'Glass' here refers to laboratory equipment used in preparing and maintaining herbal formulations and conducting experiments. Proper glass containers are essential for ensuring the integrity of samples, conducting extractions, and evaluating physicochemical properties, emphasizing the importance of material choice in scientific studies.

14) Substance:
Substance in this context symbolizes any chemical composition, particularly those derived from herbal sources. It highlights the study's focus on the transformation of traditional powdered herbal substances into effective topical formulations, bridging traditional medicine with modern pharmaceutical practices.

15) Disease:
Disease refers to any alteration in normal bodily function contributing to adverse health outcomes. In this study, the focal diseases are inflammatory conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, emphasizing the need for effective treatments that traditional systems of medicine like Unani can provide as alternatives.

16) Filling (Filled):
The term 'Filled' pertains to the process of packaging the cream formulation into appropriate containers for storage and application. This aspect is critical in ensuring the product's stability and usability, reinforcing the practical considerations necessary for developing traditional herbal remedies in contemporary forms.

17) Malik:
Malik refers to one of the specific herbal ingredients, Astragalus hamosus, included in the formulation. Its inclusion highlights the relevance of traditional ingredients in Unani medicine known for their therapeutic properties, particularly in treating inflammation, showcasing the integration of local flora into medicinal practices.

18) Rheumatoid arthritis:
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that mainly affects joints. The study is focused on developing treatments for this condition using Unani formulations, thus highlighting the significance of alternative therapies that may offer fewer side effects compared to conventional treatments like NSAIDs.

19) Withania somnifera:
Withania somnifera, commonly known as Ashwagandha, is a key herbal ingredient noted for its adaptogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. It is included in the formulation of the cream, exemplifying the use of well-regarded traditional herbs in modern therapeutic solutions aimed at treating inflammatory conditions.

20) Ricinus communis:
Ricinus communis, or castor oil plant, is included for its oil, used traditionally for its medicinal properties. Its presence in the cream formulation underscores the significance of utilizing diverse plant-based ingredients in Unani medicine, particularly for their soothing and anti-inflammatory effects on the skin.

21) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a biological response to harmful stimuli which can lead to various diseases. The focus of this study is on creating effective treatments for inflammatory conditions through Unani herbal formulations, emphasizing the therapeutic potential of traditional medicine in addressing health issues linked to inflammation.

22) Resolving:
Resolving refers to the action of alleviating or reducing inflammation, a key therapeutic objective in treating numerous ailments. The formulations discussed in the study, including Zimad, are explicitly designed to have resolving properties, hence their importance in managing conditions characterized by excessive inflammation.

23) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are plant-derived compounds known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Their identification in the herbal extracts during phytochemical analysis emphasizes the health benefits offered by these bioactive compounds, supporting the rationale for their inclusion in the Unani cream formulation.

24) Family:
Family refers to a group of related plants or organisms. In herbal medicine, plants belonging to the same family often share similar medicinal properties. The reference to various plant families illustrates the holistic approach in Unani medicine by utilizing diverse herbs for complementary therapeutic effects.

25) Animal:
The word 'Animal' in this context relates to the experimentation typically involved in evaluating the efficacy of herbal treatments. It highlights the importance of pre-clinical studies using animal models to provide initial evidence of the therapeutic potential and safety of the formulated creams.

26) Indian:
Indian signifies the cultural and historical context of the Unani medicine system, emphasizing its roots and ongoing relevance in contemporary healthcare practices within India. The study showcases traditional herbal remedies that align with Indian medicinal practices while vying for validation through scientific methods.

27) Gupta:
Gupta is a common surname in India, possibly reflecting the authors or contributors to the research. The name contributes to the study's credibility by associating it with known researchers, emphasizing a collaborative effort in exploring traditional medicine systems and their integration into modern healthcare.

28) Kumar:
Kumar is another widely used surname in India, which can also denote authors or researchers involved in the study. Including such names connects the research to specific individuals who contribute their expertise in investigating Unani medicine and herbal formulations for treating inflammatory conditions.

29) Ayus (Ayush):
Ayush refers to the Ministry of AYUSH in India, which promotes and regulates traditional medicine systems like Unani. Its mention underscores governmental support for research and integration of these systems into national health policies, highlighting the importance of traditional practices in the broader medical landscape.

30) Cina:
China is mentioned likely in reference to traditional herbal practices that parallel those of Unani medicine. The comparison invites broader discussions about herbal treatment approaches in different cultures, showcasing the global nature of herbal medicine and its significance in promoting health and wellness.

31) Zingiber officinale:
Zingiber officinale, or ginger, is recognized for its therapeutic properties, particularly its anti-inflammatory effects. Its inclusion in the study emphasizes the use of widely acknowledged culinary and medicinal herbs in formulating creams, thereby enhancing the therapeutic potential of traditional herbal formulations.

32) Commiphora mukul:
Commiphora mukul, or guggul, is another important ingredient noted for its role in traditional medicine. The inclusion of this herb in formulations is relevant for its reputed anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering properties, underscoring the practice of utilizing specific plants to target inflammatory conditions directly.

33) Measurement:
Measurement in this context pertains to the process of quantifying various physicochemical properties of the herbal cream. Accurate measurement is crucial for ensuring product integrity and efficacy, emphasizing the scientific rigor applied in evaluating traditional healing practices through modern methodologies.

34) Observation:
Observation refers to the systematic inspection and assessment of findings during formulation development. It plays a critical role in experimental research, allowing researchers to record data and insights leading to improvements in the formulation and preparation process of herbal therapies.

35) Irritation:
Irritation signifies adverse reactions that can occur upon application of topical formulations. It is an important aspect to consider in cream formulation, highlighting the necessity of ensuring that the herbal cream is non-irritating and suitable for human skin, thereby enhancing patient compliance.

36) Container:
A container generally refers to any packaging vessel used to store and dispense formulations. In the study, containers ensure the protection and stability of the herbal cream, thus playing a crucial role in maintaining product quality during storage and application.

37) Relative:
Relative refers to a comparative measure used in evaluating different formulations or results. In this study, relative assessments are made between the developed herbal cream and commercial products, allowing for a more informed understanding of the efficacy and quality of the Unani-based preparation.

38) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Sharma is a common Indian surname linked to individuals who may be part of the research team. Mentioning such names lends credibility and local context to the study, highlighting contributions from the Indian research community to the field of Unani medicine.

39) Nature:
Nature relates to the inherent properties and characteristics of the herbal ingredients and their formulations. The study emphasizes understanding these natural components to exploit their full therapeutic potential, underscoring the essentiality of nature in traditional and modern medicine.

40) Dealer:
Dealer here refers to the suppliers or vendors from whom herbal ingredients and additives are procured for experimentation. The reliability of dealers impacts product quality and research findings, emphasizing the importance of sourcing high-quality ingredients for effective formulation in herbal preparation.

41) Badam:
Badam is the Hindi term for almonds, which can be included in herbal formulations for their oil's nourishing properties. In the context of Unani medicine, such ingredients highlight the use of culinary herbs with health benefits, reinforcing the traditional practice of utilizing available local resources.

42) Nana (Na-na):
Naana, referring to mint, is often used in various herbal preparations for its soothing properties. Its mention stresses the significance of incorporating familiar plants in Unani medicine practices, aimed at enhancing therapeutic benefits while also catering to the palate and preferences of individuals.

43) Raji:
Raji is likely mentioned as a reference to a researcher or author involved in the study. This connection illustrates the collaboration within the research context on Unani medicine, emphasizing contributions to documenting and validating traditional healthcare approaches.

44) Soya:
Soya is typically linked to products derived from the soybean plant, which holds nutritional and medicinal values. In the context of this study, its mention could signify its inclusion in formulations for specific properties, illustrating the breadth of herb-based treatments in traditional systems like Unani.

45) Sign:
Sign refers to an indication or evidence often observed in research, particularly relating to the effectiveness or stability of formulations. In the study, signs of stability, efficacy, and safety are critical for assessing the intended benefits of the Unani-based cream.

46) Wall:
Wall in this context may refer to a structural aspect of experimental setups, containers, or laboratory configurations crucial for conducting research. It symbolizes the systematic organization of scientific environments where traditional research is being transformed into modern practices for better healthcare outcomes.

47) Dish (Dis):
Dish is typically used in lab settings to hold samples or conduct experiments. The use of dishes in the study implies their role in monitoring the physicochemical properties of the cream formulations, ensuring accurate analysis and evaluation of herbal medicines.