Antitumoral Effect of L. inermis in Mice with EAC

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Life, Data]

Life International Journal of Pharmacology ISSN 1811-7775 Life science alert ansinet Asian Network for Scientific Information

[Find the meaning and references behind the names: Mehmet Emin, Ibrahim Halil, Natural, Raupp, Didem, Alkaline, Devecioglu, Level, Sharma, Ibrahim, Ast, Singh, Tuzcu, Henna, Gaziantep, Key, Dasgupta, Yucel, Day, Herma, Colak, Dose, Curreli, Fax, Hospital, Present, Liver, Development, Time, Tap, Ozaslan, Nail, Hand, Dye, Foot, Adana, Kalender, Kenan, Days, Mehmet, Daglioglu, Kilic, Omer, Hair, Soker, Mst, Chemical, Mean, Cell, Given, Hema, Muhittin, Cengiz, Ehrlich, Gonullu, Ion, Beyhan, Case, Karagoz, Kok, Author, Halil, Lower, Study, Cosmetic, Serious, General, Tel, Emin, Isik]

International Journal of Pharmacology 5 (4): 263-267, 2009 ISSN 1811-7775 2009 Asian Network for Scientific Information Antitumoral Effect of L. inermis in Mice with EAC Mehmet Ozaslan, "Mehmet Emin Zümrütdal, Kenan Daglioglu, Ibrahim Halil Kilic, 'Isik Didem Karagoz, M.E. Kalender, "Muhittin Tuzcu, 'Omer Colak and 'Beyhan Cengiz 'Department of Biology, University of Gaziantep, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey Department of General Surgery, Numune Training Hospital, Adana, Turkey 'Animal Research and Implementation Center, University of Cukurova, 01330 Adana, Turkey 'Department of Oncology, Faculty of medicine, University of Gaziantep, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey *Department of Biology, University of Cukurova, 01330 Adana, Turkey Department of Physiology, University of Gaziantep, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey Abstract: In recent years, prophylactic usage of natural products and tendency to resort to alternative medicine has increased rapidly. Ilenna (Lawsonia sp.) has been used not only cosmetically but also medicinally in Turkish population. Among the studies of henna's antifungal, anti-microbial tuberculostatic and antitumoral effects come on the science. In this study, we planned to research the effect of Lawsonia inermis that is an oxidant agent against development of cancer, by constituting peritonitis carcinomatous with Ehrlich ascites cells. The animals were divided to three groups and Lawsonia inermis extract and tap water were given to mice for 5 days. After 5 days, all of animals were decapitated by cervical dislocation and their liver tissues were sanipled to measure reduced glutathione (GSH) level. Mean Survival Time (MST) and Average Survival Time (AST) were calculated; peritoneal liquid pH was measured; Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cells were counted with hemocytometer. At the result, the longest life period was detected on the group which was given 10 mg/kg/day Lawsonia inermis. In group 2 and 3 which were given Lawsonia inermis following to forming Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, total number of cancer cell decreased. The scaled pH levels belonging to group 2 and 3 changed into alkaline compared to that of group (pH 6.2). Glutathione levels of liver tissue were determined to decrease in group 2 and 3 in comparison with group1. In conclusion, Lawsonia inermis may lead cells to apoptosis related to deficiency in detoxification of intracellular radicals. Key words: Lawsomia inermis I., ehrlich ascites tumor, antitumoral, extract INTRODUCTION Ilenna (Lawsonia sp.) has been used not only cosmetic but also medicinal in Turkish population. becomes re-popular again among public. Hema which extract of Lawsonia sp. used as hair dye and nail dye in many cultures as decorative dye at centuries. Its medical properties of henna are present except the chemical use. Herma has antifungal, anti-microbial, tuberculostatic and antitumoral effects were reported on the science (Curreli et al., 2001; Dasgupta et al., 2003; Ilabbal et al., 2005; Kok et al., 2005; Malekzadeh, 1968; Sharma, 1990; Singh and Pandley, 1989). Furthermore, at the reports presented as case reports, it said that usage of L. inermis in children has serious oxidant effects. The G6PD deficient was determined at biochemical evaluation in these children (Devecioglu, 2001; Raupp et al., 2001; Soker, 2000; Zinkham and Oski, 1996). In another study, topical application of henna reduced severity of Hand-Foot Syndrome caused by a therapeutic agent as capecitabine used for cancer treatment and so no necessary to use lower dose of therapeutic agenl. or to cul down. This effect of herma reported that it have anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic and analgesic activities (Yucel and Gonullu, 2007). During the transformation from healthy cells to cancer cells excessive DNA synthesis occurs. For this situation, ribonucleotide reductase enzyme and as correlated with this enzyme are necessary. Thus, we planned that binding H* ion to injured cells develop to cancer cells in which excessive DNA synthesis by benefiting from oxidant effect of L. inermis and accelerating apoptosis by exposed excessive oxidant stress to these cells. For that purpose, we planned to research about the effect of I. inermis that is an oxidant agent against development of cancer, by constituting peritonitis carcinomatosis with Ehrlich ascites cells. Corresponding Author: Dr. Mehmet Ozasian, Department of Biology, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, TR-27310, Turkey Tel: (90)-342-317-1945 Fax: (+90)-342-360-1200-1302 263

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Int. J. Pharmacol., 5 (4): 263-267, 2009 MATERIALS AND METHODS This project was conducted in Medical Research Laboratory, University of Cukurova during April 2007August 2008. Animals: One hundred forty Swiss albino mice (10 weeks, 25-30 g) were from Medical Research Laboratory. University of Cukurova. The formation of EAC: Stock Mouse with EAC was obtained from Experimental Animals Laboratory, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University. Peritonitis carcinomatosis formed by injecting i.p. 0.2 mL. (1×10 cells) ascites fluid doing paracentesis from peritonitis of stock mouse (Jagethia and Rao, 2006). Cells in the injected ascites liquid stained with Tryphan blue and counted with hematocytometer. Preparing of L inermis solution: 0.5% solution of L. inermis get by 0.5 g L. inermis powder dissolved in 100 mL distilled water, boiled and filtered (Ozaslan et al., 2007). Researching of antitumoral effect of L inermis solution • • First step: EAC was developed in Swiss Albino mice, divided 6 groups (n = 10). 5, 10, 20, 50 and 200 mg/kg/day 1. inermis were given to the experimental groups and tap water was given to the control group per orally (p.o.) al equal two doses in a period of 12 h for 5 days. Second step: The animals divided to three groups and L. inermis extract and tap water given to mice for 5 days. Negative control group (group 1) (n 20); not given EAC intra peritoneal (i.p.), given only tap water p.o. Positive control group (group 2) (n = 30); given EAC i.p. and given tap water p.o. Group 3 (n = 30), given EAC i.p. and given 10 mg/kg/day L. inermis extract. p.o. After 5 days, all of animals decapitated by cervical dislocation and their liver tissues sampled. Survival analysis: Mean Survival Time (MST) and Average Survival Time (AST) calculated according to these formulas: The percentage of Increasing Mean Standard Life TMST) and The Percentage of Increasing Average Standard Life (IASL) calculated with these formulas (Jagelhia and Baliga, 2003, Jagelhia et al. 2005; Jagethia and Rao, 2006). IMSL (%) = Experimental group MST - Control group MST Control group MST x100 LASL (%) = Experimental group AST Control group AST) Control group AST 100 pII in ascites liquid assays: 4cc SF i.p. inoculated to mice 2 h after giving L. inermis at the 5th day of the inoculation of EAC. Peritoneal liquid samples taken after massaging stomach during 2 min. Peritoneal liquid pH measured with pH meter without loss of time (nolab pH meter, Germany) Number of cancer cells in ascites liquid: The cells of peritoneal EAC liquid that collected 2 h after giving 1. inermis at the 5th day of the inoculation of EAC stained with Tryphan blue and courted with hemocytometer. The preparation of liver tissue samples: After cervical decapitating the mice whose abdomen dissectioned by median incision, approximately 200 mg liver tissue was sampled and washed with SF. Without loss of time. tissues were taken in tubes with 8 mL 0,02 M EDTA and stored al -20°C. The measurement of GSH: Five milliliter homogenate was prepared from liver tissue taken out tubes with EDTA, was mixed with 4 mL distilled water and 1 mL 50% trichloroaceticacid (TCA). Then it was centrifuged 3000 rpm 15 min. Two milliliter liquid of supernatant was mixed with 1 m. 0.4M Tris buffer (pH 8.9) and 0.1 Ellman reagent. [5.5-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)] (DTNB) (Sigma). The absorbance at 112 nm in spectrophotometer was recorded. The result values signified as mol GSII/g tissue (Sedlak and Lindsay, 1968). Statistical analysis: The results calculated with SPSS 12.0 package program. Student 1-lest used for normal dispersion data and Mann-Whitney U test for abnormal dispersion data. The limit of statistical significance was set at p<0.05. MSTThe first death day+ The last death day 2 The total death days ASTTotal mice number 5 RESULTS This study, to determine antitumoral effect of L. inermis different dosages life span of mice, amourt of cancer cells in ascites liquid, pH of ascites liquid and GSH level in liver tissue were performed. 264

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Cac tap Parameters water (Group-1) Int. J. Pharmacol., 5 (4): 263-267, 2009 Table 1: Life span period related with 7. Inermis different dosages EAC 5 mg kgLinermis (Group-2) EAC 10 mg kg-¹ Linermis (Group-3) EAC 20 mg kg Linermis (Group-4) EAC 50 mg keLinermis (Group-5) CACI 200 mg kg Linermis (Group-6) MST 12 12.5 13.5 IMSL (%) 4.2 12.5 12.5 4.2 11.0 8.5 -8.3 -29.7 AAST 11.6 11.6 13.1 12.5 9.8 6.4 IASL 10.3 12.9 7.6 -15.5 -44.8 EAC: Erlich ascites carcinoma 15 10-2 Table 2: The effect of Linennis 10 mg/kg/day dose application on life span Tap water (Negative control EAC+tap water (Pozitive control EAC+Linermis Parameters group) (group-1) group) (eron-2) (group-3) MST 10.0 11.0 IMSL (%) 10.0 AAST 10.1 11.5 IASL (%) 13.0 EAC Erlich ascites carcinoma Goup 2 Goup 3 Goup 1 Fig. 1: Cancer cell number in ascites liquid 7.0- 6.8- 6,6- 6.4 6,2- 6.0- 5.8+ Group 1 Goup 2 Gorup 3 Fig. 2: pH levels in ascites liquid First step results: The longest life period was detected on group which given 10 mg/kg/day 7. inermis. We found these results MST = 13.5. AST 13.1, IMSL = 12.5% and LASL = 12.9% for this group (Table 1). Second step results: Number of cancer cells counted in ascites liquid doing paracentesis from groups (1, 2 and 3) summarized in Fig. 1. The formation of ascites liquid in group (negative control group) which not formed EAC was nol encountered. Although, in group 2 (positive control group) which not given L. inermis following to formed EAC total cancer cell number was approximately 14.61±2.05, in group 3 was approximately 12.34+2.02. The difference between total mumber of cancer cells in group 2 and 3 was significant statistically (p<0.001). The scaled pH levels belong to group 2 and 3 changed into alkaline than of group] (pH 6.2). It was detected that pH 7 level scaled for group 3 which given L. inermis was more alkaline than for group 2 which not given 1. inermis. While pH level of group2 was 6.81±0.09. pII level of group 3 was 6,90-0,08 dir (Fig. 2). The difference between pH levels of these two groups was significant statistically (p<0.05). GSH level Goup 1 Goup 2 Goup 3 Fig. 3: GSH levels of liver tissue (umol g¯¯) The GSH levels of liver tissue were determined to I decrease in group 2 and 3 comparison with group 1. Although, GSII level of group 2 was measured as 3.01 mol g, GSH level of group 3 as 3.15 umol g (Fig. 3). The difference between these measured GSH levels was significant statistically (p<0.05). Life span periods belong to group 1, 2 and 3 summarized in Table 2. While in group2 MST 10. AST = 10.1 were found, in group 3 MST = 11, AST=11.5, IMSL 10% and IASL = 13.9%. DISCUSSION Although, cancer takes part among top of death list in recent years, its treatment is still very complicated and has great pre-conditions. In this complicity, numerous natural agents which were used traditionally have significant role in fighting cancer such as proleclive. preventive and curative consolidated immune system. The substances extracted from plants and suggested as active were tested in experimental cancer model studies (Jagethia and Baliga, 2003, Jagethia et al., 2005; Jagethia and Rao, 2006). Raupp et al. (2001) reported that topical application of L. inermis caused hemolytic effect in children with G6PD enzyme deficient (Raupp et al., 2001). 265

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Int. J. Pharmacol., 5 (4): 263-267, 2009 G6PD is one of the main H+ ion sources via NADPH* for cell. These findings were supported that in children with G6PD enzyme deficient, a little oxidant effect arised from 7. inermiy may cause significant alterations on H* ion balance. Our study composed of two experimental steps: in first of them, mice transplanted EAC were divided six groups (one control and five experimental) and in this step was determined as the most curative and the longest life span dose was 10 mg/kg/day than others. In second step. life span period was determined to get longer in group 3 which was transplanted EAC and then given p.o. L. inermis and to be decreased cancer cell number in ascites liquid. This difference was significant statistically (p<0.001). GSH level was determined to decreased in groups transplanted DAC than its in groups not transplanted EAC. GSH level was higher in group 3 giveng L. inermis orally than its in group 2 not given L. inermis, belong to groups transplanted DAC (p<0.05). Our result was correlated with the study of Dasgupt colleagues (Dasgupta et al., 2003). They investigated the effect of L. inermis against stomach and skin papillomatous tumor and found the result of 7. inermis inhibited tumor progression and also they reported that L. inermis increased GSH and (Dasgupta, 2003). SOD levels It was known that during the transformation from healthy cells to cancer cells excessive DNA synthesis occurs In cell, increased DNA synthesis causes increased H+ usage. This case creates pH increasing in the cell. Austin and Wray et al. (1993) reported that. 0.73 fold of each difference occurred in extracellular pII causes variation in intracellular pH that to tolerate variations in tissue pH level. This study supported our result of being increased pII levels in group 3 shows not only excessive DNA synthesis increased HT consumption in cancer cells but also SOD activity increased by oxidant effect of I. inermis occurred H₂, and being stress on detoxification of H₂Oy. Thus, 7. inermis may lead cell to apoptosis related to deficient in detoxification of intracellular radicals. Although, a study performed that L. inermis inhibited papillomatous tumor progression (Dasgupta et al., 2003), it was not encountered a report about the effect of L. inermis on LAC progression. This report is first because of researching the antitumoral effect of 7. inermis on experimental tumor model EAC and the relationship between L. inermis and pH in the immune system. The net. conclusions of this study were (1) GSH level in tissue increased (2) SOD activity increased by oxidant effect of L. inermis, (3) it inhibited EAC progression. It is necessary to investigate detailed biochemical parameters by studying with bigger experimental groups to explain completely effect mechanism of L. inermis on apoptosis and intracellular free radicals together. Thus, it may be clarified clearly inhibitor effect of L. inermis against. cancer metabolism. REFERENCES Austin, B.C. and S. Wray, 1993. Extracellular pII signals affect rat vascular tone by rapid transduction into intracellular pH changes. J. Physiology: 466: 1-8. Curreli, N., F. Sollai, L. Massa, O. Commandini and A. Rufo et al., 2001 Effect of plant-derived naphtoquinones on the growth of pleurotus sajorcaju and degradation of the compounds by fungal cultures. J. Basic Microbiol., 41: 253-259. Dasgupta, T., RA. Rao and P.K. Yadava, 2003. Modulatory effect of herma leaf Lawsonia inermis on drug metabolising phase I and phase II enzymes lipid peroxidation and chemically induced skin andl forestomach papillomagenesis in mice. Molecular Cell. Biochemi., 245: 11-22. 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