Review of Sandhigatavata: Focus on Osteoarthritis
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: A Comprehensive Review Article on Sandhigatavata with Special Reference to Osteoarthritis
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Balveer Singh
MS Scholar, Department of Shalya Tantra, National Institute of Ayurveda, Deemed to be University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Jitesh Bansal
MS Scholar, Department of Shalya Tantra, National Institute of Ayurveda, Deemed to be University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Ashok Kumar
Professor, Department of Shalya Tantra, National Institute of Ayurveda, Deemed to be University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Narinder Singh
Associate Professor, Department of Shalya Tantra, National Institute of Ayurveda, Deemed to be University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
P. Hemantha Kumar
Professor and Head of Department, Department of Shalya Tantra, National Institute of Ayurveda, Deemed to be University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: A Comprehensive Review Article on Sandhigatavata with Special Reference to Osteoarthritis
Year: 2023 | Doi: 10.47070/ayushdhara.v10iSuppl4.1345
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The article provides a comprehensive review of Sandhigatavata, which is correlated to osteoarthritis (OA) in the context of Ayurveda. It emphasizes that Sandhivata, characterized by joint inflammation, is an increasingly common ailment affecting a significant segment of the population, especially individuals over the age of 40. The review highlights the chronic nature of Sandhivata, which poses challenges in treatment due to its incurability and associated complications in contemporary medical practices. The authors aim to analyze the causes, pathophysiology, and various Ayurvedic treatment approaches for Sandhivata, drawing from classical Ayurvedic texts and contemporary studies.
Lifestyle and Dietary Modifications
A critical approach to managing Sandhivata focuses on lifestyle modifications, which Ayurvedic tradition considers the first line of treatment. The article discusses the importance of dietary adjustments, emphasizing both food and physical activities that either alleviate or aggravate the condition. Pathya (beneficial) diet includes foods such as wheat, meat, cow's milk, and specific herbs, while Apathya (harmful) diet includes excessively cold, dry, or stimulating foods. Additionally, incorporating regular yoga and exercise is encouraged, as studies suggest these activities significantly benefit OA patients, highlighting their value over traditional physical therapy.
Ayurvedic Treatment Techniques
The article details various Ayurvedic treatments for Sandhivata, including Shodhana (purification) techniques like Snehana (oleation) and Basti (enema treatment), which are considered particularly effective for Vatavyadhi (Vata disorders). The use of medicinal formulations, such as herbal preparations like Guggulu and specific Kwath (decoction) remedies, is also addressed. The review emphasizes the role of Panchakarma therapies, such as Abhyanga (massage) and Agnikarma (cautery), in managing symptoms and enhancing joint mobility. It highlights that effective management requires not only symptomatic relief but also addressing the underlying Dosha imbalances contributing to the condition.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the management of Sandhivata requires a holistic approach that combines dietary and lifestyle changes with traditional Ayurvedic treatments. While Sandhivata may persist as a degenerative condition, early intervention through lifestyle adjustments and a tailored treatment regimen can significantly improve the quality of life for affected individuals. The authors advocate for integrating these Ayurvedic principles into contemporary clinical practices to offer more comprehensive care for patients suffering from osteoarthritis.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Sandhivata in relation to Osteoarthritis?
Sandhivata, derived from 'Sandhi' (joint) and 'Vata' (one of the Doshas), is aligned with Osteoarthritis in Ayurveda. It predominantly affects weight-bearing joints, particularly the knee, and is characterized by chronic inflammation and degeneration.
What are the treatment approaches in Ayurveda for Sandhivata?
Ayurvedic treatment for Sandhivata focuses on lifestyle modifications, dietary changes, and therapeutic procedures such as Abhyanga and Panchakarma. These include herbal formulations and specific diets aimed at alleviating Vata and enhancing joint health.
What are the common symptoms associated with Sandhivata?
Common symptoms of Sandhivata include joint pain (Shula), swelling (Shotha), and difficulty in joint movement. Patients may also experience stiffness and tenderness in affected joints, resembling a bag filled with air.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Review of Sandhigatavata: Focus on Osteoarthritis”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Vata:
In Ayurveda, 'Vata' represents one of the three Doshas that govern bodily functions. It is responsible for movement and activity in the body. When Vata is imbalanced, it can lead to diseases such as Sandhigatavata (Osteoarthritis).
2) Sandhi (Shandhi, Samdhi):
The term 'Sandhi' in Ayurveda refers to joints. Sandhigatavata, commonly correlated with Osteoarthritis, primarily affects the joints, especially weight-bearing ones like the knee joint.
3) Dosha (Dosa):
In Ayurveda, 'Dosha' refers to the energies that define a person’s constitution. There are three Doshas: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Sandhigatavata involves an imbalance of the Vata Dosha.
4) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine from India that emphasizes natural healing. It focuses on balancing the body’s Doshas for health, and employs therapies such as diet, lifestyle changes, and herbal remedies.
5) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the three Doshas in Ayurveda, associated with structure and lubricating qualities. In the case of Sandhigatavata, the reduction of Shleshaka Kapha at the joints contributes to the disease.
6) Vatavyadhi (Vata-vyadhi):
[see source text or glossary: Vata-vyadhi]
7) Samprapti:
Samprapti outlines the pathogenesis or progression of a disease in Ayurveda. For Sandhigatavata, it describes how Vata Dosha causes joint degeneration and related symptoms.
8) Disease:
[see source text or glossary: Disease]
9) Asthi (Ashthi):
Asthi refers to bone or skeletal tissue in Ayurveda. The imbalance of Vata Dosha can lead to depletion and degeneration of Asthi, contributing to conditions like Sandhigatavata.
10) Dhatu:
In Ayurveda, Dhatus are the seven bodily tissues that sustain and nourish the body. Dhatukshaya, or depletion of these tissues, especially Asthi (bone), is a key factor in Sandhigatavata.
11) Nidana:
Nidana refers to the causative factors or etiology of a disease. In Sandhigatavata, excessive physical activity, joint injury, and improper diet are some of the Nidanas that aggravate Vata.
12) Dhatukshaya (Dhatuksaya, Dhatu-kshaya):
Dhatukshaya refers to the depletion of bodily tissues. In Sandhigatavata, the reduction of Asthi Dhatu and Shleshaka Kapha leads to joint degeneration.
13) Samhita:
Samhita texts are foundational Ayurvedic scriptures, such as the Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita, which provide detailed descriptions of diseases like Sandhigatavata and their treatments.
14) Basti:
Basti is a Panchakarma therapy involving herbal enemas. It is particularly effective for Vata-related disorders like Sandhigatavata, helping to balance Vata Dosha and relieve symptoms.
15) Yoga:
Yoga is incorporated in Ayurveda for its benefits in enhancing physical and mental health. For Sandhigatavata, yoga helps in relieving pain, improving joint flexibility, and reducing stiffness.
16) Pain:
[see source text or glossary: Pain]
17) Kshaya (Ksaya):
Kshaya in Ayurveda refers to the wasting or depletion of tissues. Conditions like Sandhigatavata involve the Kshaya of Asthi Dhatu, leading to joint problems.
18) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa in Ayurveda can refer to both taste and bodily fluids. The right Rasa in diet can influence Vata Dosha, essential for managing Sandhigatavata.
19) Lakshana (Laksana):
Lakshana are the clinical features or symptoms of a disease. The Lakshana of Sandhigatavata include joint pain, swelling, stiffness, and crepitus.
20) Avarana:
Avarana refers to the obstruction or covering of channels in Ayurveda. In Sandhigatavata, Avarana of Vata by Kapha or other tissues can exacerbate symptoms.
21) Apathya:
Apathya refers to diet and lifestyle factors that aggravate a condition. For Sandhigatavata, excessive cold foods, lack of sleep, and mental stress are considered Apathya.
22) Vedana:
Vedana in Ayurveda stands for pain. In Sandhigatavata, Vedana manifests as joint pain, especially during movements.
23) Ghrita (Ghrta):
Ghrita refers to ghee or clarified butter in Ayurveda, used for its lubricating properties in treating Sandhigatavata to balance Vata Dosha.
24) Shotha (Sotha):
Shotha denotes swelling or inflammation. In Sandhigatavata, joint swelling (Shotha) is a common symptom.
25) Dushya (Dusya):
[see source text or glossary: Dushya]
26) Vihara:
Vihara encompasses daily activities and lifestyle in Ayurveda. Proper Vihara, including moderate exercise and adequate rest, is crucial for managing Sandhigatavata.
27) Pathya:
Pathya includes dietary and lifestyle recommendations that help pacify a condition. For Sandhigatavata, warm and nourishing foods and gentle exercises are Pathya.
28) Ahara:
Ahara refers to diet in Ayurveda. Appropriate Ahara, which balances Vata like warm, oily, and nutritious foods, is essential for managing Sandhigatavata.
29) Marga:
Marga in Ayurveda refers to the pathways or channels in the body. Sandhigatavata affects the Madhyam Marga, involving the bones and joints.
30) India:
[see source text or glossary: India]
31) Janu:
Janu in Ayurveda refers to the knee joint. Sandhigatavata commonly affects the Janu joint, leading to knee osteoarthritis.
32) Vatadosha (Vatadosa, Vata-dosha):
[see source text or glossary: Vata-dosha]
33) Agnikarma (Agni-karma):
Agnikarma is a therapeutic procedure using heat or cauterization. It is sometimes employed to reduce pain and swelling in conditions like Sandhigatavata.
34) Stiffness:
[see source text or glossary: Stiffness]
35) Abhyanga (Abhyamga):
Abhyanga is a therapeutic oil massage in Ayurveda. It helps in relieving stiffness and pain in Sandhigatavata by balancing Vata Dosha.
36) Pradhana:
[see source text or glossary: Pradhana]
37) Rasayana (Rasa-ayana):
Rasayana therapy in Ayurveda aims at rejuvenation. It helps in strengthening the tissues and improving overall health, which is beneficial for Sandhigatavata patients.
38) Agantuja (Agantu-ja):
Agantuja denotes external or injury-induced conditions. In Sandhigatavata, Agantuja factors like trauma can precipitate joint problems.
39) Swelling:
[see source text or glossary: Swelling]
40) Guggulu:
Guggulu is an Ayurvedic herb used in formulations like Vatariguggulu and Yograj Guggulu for treating Sandhigatavata due to its anti-inflammatory properties.
41) Vyayama:
Vyayama refers to physical exercise. Moderate Vyayama is recommended in Ayurveda to maintain joint health and manage Sandhigatavata.
42) Ashraya (Asraya):
[see source text or glossary: Ashraya]
43) Sparsha (Sparsa):
[see source text or glossary: Sparsha]
44) Samana (Shamana):
Shamana refers to palliative treatments in Ayurveda. For Sandhigatavata, Shamana therapies include herbal medications and dietary adjustments to balance Vata Dosha.
45) Ruksha (Ruksa):
Ruksha means dryness, a quality of Vata Dosha. Managing dryness with lubricants like Ghrita is essential in treating Sandhigatavata.
46) Hridya (Hrdya):
[see source text or glossary: Hridya]
47) Shrama (Srama):
[see source text or glossary: Shrama]
48) Shalya (Salya):
Shalya Tantra is the surgical branch of Ayurveda. Some Sandhigatavata treatments may involve minor surgical interventions like Agnikarma.
49) Shayya (Sayya):
[see source text or glossary: Shayya]
50) Srotas (Shrotas):
[see source text or glossary: Srotas]
51) Chinta:
[see source text or glossary: Chinta]
52) Vyadhin (Vyadhi):
Vyadhi refers to disease in Ayurveda. Sandhigatavata is a Vyadhi characterized by the degeneration of joints due to Vata imbalance.
53) Sneha:
Sneha in Ayurveda refers to oleation therapy. It helps in balancing Vata Dosha, making it essential in the management of Sandhigatavata.
54) Laghu:
[see source text or glossary: Laghu]
55) Mamsa (Mamsha):
Mamsa means meat. Certain types of meat are recommended in Ayurveda as part of a nourishing diet for managing Sandhigatavata.
56) Rakta:
[see source text or glossary: Rakta]
57) Mridu (Mrdu):
[see source text or glossary: Mridu]
58) Majja:
Majja refers to marrow and nervous tissue. In Sandhigatavata, degeneration can affect Majja, leading to chronic pain and disability.
59) Kumar:
[see source text or glossary: Kumar]
60) Roga:
Roga signifies disease or ailment in Ayurveda. Sandhigatavata is a Roga caused by the imbalance of Vata Dosha and affecting the joints.
61) Agni:
Agni in Ayurveda represents the digestive fire. Impaired Agni can lead to improper digestion and tissue nourishment, exacerbating Sandhigatavata.
62) Nija:
Nija refers to internal causes of disease. Sandhigatavata can be Nija, resulting from factors like dietary habits and lifestyle that aggravate Vata Dosha.
63) Hetu:
Hetu means causative factors. Dietary, lifestyle, and environmental factors are Hetu in the development of Sandhigatavata.
64) Katu:
Katu refers to the pungent taste in Ayurveda, which can aggravate Vata and should be moderated in diets for managing Sandhigatavata.
65) Guna:
Guna are qualities or attributes in Ayurveda. In Sandhigatavata, qualities like Ruksha (dryness) and Laghu (lightness) of Vata need to be balanced with opposite Gunas.
66) Jala:
[see source text or glossary: Jala]
67) Diet:
Diet is crucial in Ayurveda for managing diseases like Sandhigatavata. Proper dietary choices can help balance Doshas and reduce symptoms.
68) Milk:
[see source text or glossary: Milk]
69) Goat milk:
[see source text or glossary: Goat milk]
70) Sushruta-samhita (Susruta-samhita):
Sushruta Samhita is a classical Ayurvedic text that provides detailed descriptions of surgical techniques and treatments for conditions like Sandhigatavata.
71) Shleshakakapha (Slesakakapha, Shleshaka-kapha):
Shleshakakapha in Ayurveda refers to the synovial fluid within joints. Its depletion in Sandhigatavata leads to stiffness and pain.
72) Sthanasamshraya (Sthanasamsraya, Sthana-samshraya):
[see source text or glossary: Sthanasamshraya]
73) Rasaushadhi (Rasa-aushadhi, Rasausadhi):
[see source text or glossary: Rasa-aushadhi]
74) Shalyatantra (Salyatantra, Shalya-tantra, Shalyatamtra):
[see source text or glossary: Shalya-tantra]
75) Vishamashana (Visamasana, Vishamasana):
[see source text or glossary: Vishamashana]
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 196]
Other Science Concepts:
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