Diabetes Mellitus - An Ayurvedic Perspective
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: Diabetes Mellitus - An Ayurvedic Perspective
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Julee Meena
MD Scholar, P.G. Department of Kaya Chikitsa, University College of Ayurveda, Dr.Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Rajasthan Ayurved University, Rajasthan, India.
Pramod Kumar Mishra
Professor and H.O.D, P.G. Department of Kaya Chikitsa, University College of Ayurveda, Dr.Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Rajasthan Ayurved University, Rajasthan, India.
Indu Sharma
Associate Professor, P.G. Department of Kaya Chikitsa, Govt. Ayurvedic College of Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Brahmanand Sharma
Associate Professor, PG Department of Kayachikitsa, University College of Ayurveda, Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Rajasthan Ayurved University, Rajasthan, India.
Pooja Rani
MD Scholar, P.G. Department of Kaya Chikitsa, University College of Ayurveda, Dr.Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Rajasthan Ayurved University, Rajasthan, India.
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Diabetes Mellitus - An Ayurvedic Perspective
Year: 2023 | Doi: 10.47070/ayushdhara.v10iSuppl4.1336
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Diabetes mellitus is increasingly recognized as a significant non-communicable disease globally, particularly in India where its management faces numerous challenges such as rising incidence rates, low public awareness, and limited healthcare resources. This chronic condition, characterized by inadequate insulin production or utilization, leads to elevated blood glucose levels, subsequently contributing to a host of complications such as blindness, kidney failure, and cardiovascular issues. In Ayurveda, diabetes is classified as Madhumeha, or Prameha, and is primarily attributed to lifestyle factors, including poor dietary habits and lack of exercise.
Ayurvedic Concept of Madhumeha
In Ayurvedic literature, Madhumeha is understood as a type of Prameha, reflecting a disorder characterized by excessive urination and several symptomatological manifestations. The Ayurvedic approach emphasizes a holistic perspective, targeting lifestyle modifications, dietary adjustments, and the management of Dosha imbalances that contribute to the disease. Madhumeha is particularly associated with the Kapha and Vata doshas, with treatment strategies like detoxifying therapies (Samshodhana) recommended for individuals exhibiting Kaphaja traits (obesity), or nourishing therapies (Santarpana) for those who are Krisha (emaciated). Early symptoms of the condition include turbid urine, burning sensations, and intense thirst, which reflect the body's imbalances.
Management and Treatment Approaches
The Ayurvedic management of diabetes integrates dietary recommendations, exercise regimens, and specific herbal formulations. A focus on a high-fiber diet with grains such as barley and legumes, alongside increased physical activity, is fundamental in controlling blood sugar levels. Exercise not only aids in weight management but also enhances glucose utilization in the body. Various Ayurvedic herbs, such as Amalki, Haridra, and Shilajitu, along with specialized preparations like Asava and Leha, are identified to assist in the management of diabetes. Proper management emphasizes that lifestyle modifications are essential alongside any herbal or medicinal treatments, echoing the Ayurvedic principle that health is inherently linked to balance and moderation.
Conclusion
In conclusion, diabetes mellitus, viewed through an Ayurvedic lens, is not solely a medical condition requiring remedial measures but a complex interplay of lifestyle and dietary habits. The holistic approach embodies the idea of managing one's health through conscientious choices, continuous adaptation to nature, and prevention of the disease itself. Although diabetes is classified as Yapya (incurable), it can be effectively controlled, allowing individuals to lead long, healthy, and fulfilling lives. Emphasizing lifestyle interventions and a harmonious relationship with nature, Ayurveda offers a nuanced perspective to tackle the modern diabetes epidemic and mitigate its associated complications.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is diabetes mellitus, according to Ayurveda?
Diabetes mellitus, or Madhumeha in Ayurveda, is seen as a chronic condition resulting from improper insulin production or usage. It is mainly caused by a sedentary lifestyle and poor dietary habits, leading to imbalances that manifest as symptoms like excessive urination and thirst.
How does Ayurveda classify diabetes mellitus?
In Ayurveda, diabetes is classified under Prameha, with various types identified based on dominant dosha—Kaphaja, Pittaja, and Vataja. Each type has distinct characteristics and treatment methods, emphasizing the importance of individual constitution in managing the condition.
What treatment strategies does Ayurveda suggest for diabetes?
Ayurvedic treatment for diabetes includes lifestyle modifications, dietary recommendations, and herbal remedies. Key strategies involve Nidana Parivarjana (avoiding causative factors), Shodhana (purification therapies), and Shamana (palliative treatments), aiming for holistic management of the disease.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Diabetes Mellitus - An Ayurvedic Perspective”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Prameha:
Prameha is a group of urinary illnesses in Ayurveda characterized by excessive urination and various aberrant features caused by Doshic imbalances. It includes types like Madhumeha, which relates to diabetes mellitus.
2) Disease:
A disease, such as diabetes mellitus, is described in Ayurveda and modern medicine with symptoms like poor blood glucose control and complications affecting the eyes, kidneys, and heart. Prameha is one form of disease categorized by Ayurveda.
3) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa, in the context of Ayurveda, refers to taste or essence important for diagnosing and addressing Doshic imbalances in diseases like Prameha.
4) Vati:
Vati refers to tablet forms of Ayurvedic medicine used in the treatment of diseases like Prameha, examples include Chandraprabha vati and Gokshuradi vati.
5) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine from India that offers holistic care, including diet, exercise, and treatments for managing diseases such as diabetes mellitus, known in Ayurveda as Prameha.
6) Food:
Food or Ahara plays a critical role in Ayurveda for managing diseases; specific food items are prescribed for diabetic patients to control blood sugar levels and improve conditions like Madhumeha.
7) Kapha:
Kapha, one of the three Doshas in Ayurveda, is often involved in Prameha. Excessive Kapha can lead to conditions like Kaphaja Prameha, which is curable with specific treatments.
8) Dosha (Dosa):
Doshas are fundamental bodily humors in Ayurveda—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha—whose imbalance causes diseases like Prameha (diabetes). Each Dosha requires unique management strategies.
9) Vanga (Vamga):
Vanga (tin) is used in Ayurvedic medicine to prepare various formulations like Vanga Bhasma for treating diabetes mellitus or Prameha.
10) Varga:
Varga refers to a category or group. In Ayurveda, different Vargas like Shaka Varga (leafy vegetables) and Phala Varga (fruits) are recommended in managing Prameha (diabetes).
11) Triphala (Tri-phala):
Triphala, an Ayurvedic formulation consisting of three fruits, is used for its beneficial properties, including in treating conditions like Prameha by balancing the Doshas.
12) Kaphaja:
Kaphaja refers to conditions dominated by the Kapha Dosha. Kaphaja Prameha is a type of diabetes mellitus in Ayurveda that can be treated effectively.
13) Pittaja (Pitta-ja):
Pittaja refers to conditions dominated by the Pitta Dosha. Pittaja Prameha is a type of diabetes associated with moderate curability when Meda isn't excessively vitiated.
14) Ghrita (Ghrta):
Ghrita, or clarified butter, is used in various Ayurvedic treatments. Preparations like Dadimadya ghrita are employed in the treatment of Prameha (diabetes).
15) Vataja (Vata-ja):
Vataja refers to conditions dominated by the Vata Dosha. Vataja Prameha represents a less curable form of diabetes mellitus according to Ayurveda.
16) Yoga:
Yoga is recommended in Ayurveda for managing diseases like diabetes mellitus. Specific asanas, like Paschimottanasana, are suggested to help metabolize glucose and control the condition.
17) Medas (Meda, Medash):
Meda or fat tissue is often involved in the pathology of Prameha. Its excessive buildup, especially accompanied by Kapha, leads to the condition's exacerbation.
18) Diet:
Diet or Ahara plays a crucial role in Ayurveda. Specific foods and dietary habits are recommended to manage Prameha effectively by balancing Doshas and controlling blood sugar.
19) Rajasthan:
Rajasthan is mentioned in the context of Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Rajasthan Ayurved University, where authors contribute to research on diseases like Prameha.
20) Gandhaka (Gamdhaka):
Gandhaka (sulfur) is an ingredient used in various Ayurvedic preparations for treating conditions like Prameha (diabetes).
21) Powder:
Powders, or Churna, like Triphala churna, are used in Ayurvedic medicine for managing diseases like Prameha by balancing Doshas and improving health.
22) Madhu:
Madhu, or honey, is often used in Ayurvedic treatments, including those for Prameha (diabetes), either alone or combined with other substances like Haridra Churna.
23) Taila (Thaila):
Taila, or oil, is used in various Ayurvedic treatments for Prameha, including formulations like Mehamihir Taila and Pramehanashak Taila.
24) Lauha:
Lauha, or iron, is used in Ayurvedic medicines like Vidangadi Lauha to treat diseases such as Prameha by enhancing iron levels and overall vitality.
25) Shilajatu (Silajatu, Shila-jatu):
Shilajatu, a mineral pitch, is used in Ayurveda for treating diabetes mellitus (Prameha). It is often prescribed with decoctions like Salsaradi gana kwath.
26) Haridra:
Haridra, or turmeric, is used in various Ayurvedic formulations to treat conditions like Prameha. It is often combined with Amalki Swaras and Madhu.
27) Bhasma (Bhasman):
Bhasma are calcined mineral or metal preparations in Ayurveda used for their therapeutic benefits. Examples include Lauha Bhasma used in treating Prameha.
28) Krisha (Krsa):
Krisha refers to emaciated individuals who, if suffering from Prameha, should be administered nourishing therapies rather than purification.
29) Vamana:
Vamana, an Ayurvedic purification therapy, is often indicated for Kapha-associated conditions like Kaphaja Prameha to expel excess Doshas.
30) Nidana:
Nidana refers to the cause or origin of a disease. In Prameha, factors like sedentary lifestyle and poor dietary habits are critical Nidanas.
31) Vyadhin (Vyadhi):
Vyadhi means disease in Ayurveda. Prameha is a type of Vyadhi that manifests from Doshic imbalances and requires specific treatments.
32) Pitta:
Pitta is one of the three Doshas, often associated with heat and metabolism. Imbalances in Pitta can lead to conditions like Pittaja Prameha (diabetes).
33) Mamsa (Mamsha):
Mamsa, meaning meat, is categorized in Ayurveda as beneficial for certain types of diets prescribed in the treatment of Prameha.
34) Ahara:
Ahara means food in Ayurveda. A balanced Ahara is critical for managing diseases like Prameha (diabetes) by addressing Doshic imbalances.
35) India:
India is the origin of Ayurveda, which offers profound insights into managing diseases like Prameha (diabetes) through diet, lifestyle, and natural remedies.
36) Asana (Ashana):
Asana refers to physical postures in Yoga, which are recommended in Ayurveda for managing conditions like Prameha by improving metabolism and glucose control.
37) Blood:
Blood glucose regulation is central in both Ayurveda and modern medicine for treating diabetes mellitus, known in Ayurveda as Prameha.
38) Agni:
Agni refers to the digestive fire in Ayurveda. In managing Prameha, proper attention to Agni is critical for controlling metabolic disorders.
39) Kaya:
Kaya Chikitsa is the branch of Ayurveda focusing on internal medicine, including the management of diseases like Prameha (diabetes).
40) Vata:
Vata, one of the three Doshas, comprises elements of air and space. Imbalances in Vata can lead to conditions like Vataja Prameha (a type of diabetes).
41) Vayu:
Vayu (air) is a principle element associated with the Vata Dosha. Its imbalance can cause diseases like Vataja Prameha (diabetes mellitus).
42) Samshodhana (Samsodhana):
[see source text or glossary: Samsodhana]
43) Saindhava (Saimdhava):
Saindhava, or rock salt, is often used in Ayurvedic formulations and therapies for managing diseases including Prameha.
44) Vagbhata:
Vagbhata is one of the ancient Ayurvedic scholars who has described treatments and therapies for diseases like Prameha (diabetes mellitus).
45) Shodhana (Sodhana):
Shodhana refers to purification treatments in Ayurveda, such as Vamana and Virechana, which are indicated for conditions like Prameha (diabetes).
46) Rasayana (Rasa-ayana):
Rasayana is a rejuvenation therapy in Ayurveda to promote health and longevity. It includes treatments like Shilajita for managing Prameha.
47) Shyamaka (Syamaka):
Shyamaka is a type of grain recommended in the dietary regimen for managing Prameha by controlling blood sugar levels.
48) Vidanga (Vidamga):
Vidanga is an Ayurvedic herb used in formulations for treating Prameha (diabetes) by balancing Doshas and promoting metabolic health.
49) Abhraka:
Abhraka, or mica, is used in Bhasma form in Ayurvedic medicine for conditions like Prameha, enhancing the efficacy of treatments.
50) Snigdha:
Snigdha refers to oily or unctuous qualities in Ayurveda. Excessive Snigdha foods can contribute to conditions like Prameha (diabetes).
51) Kodrava:
Kodrava is a type of grain recommended in Ayurvedic dietary plans for managing diabetes mellitus or Prameha by balancing Doshas.
52) Suvarna:
Suvarna (gold) is often used in Bhasma form in Ayurvedic medicine for its rejuvenating properties, including in managing conditions like Prameha.
53) Kashaya (Kasaya):
Kashaya refers to an astringent taste in Ayurveda. It is considered beneficial in managing conditions like Prameha by balancing Doshas.
54) Samana (Shamana):
Shamana treatment involves pacification therapies in Ayurveda, used for managing Prameha in patients not suitable for Samshodhana.
55) Sahaja (Saha-ja):
Sahaja refers to congenital or hereditary conditions. Sahaja Prameha is a form of diabetes mellitus inherited from parents.
56) Sevana:
Sevana means consumption or use. Pathya sevana refers to adopting a suitable diet and lifestyle in Ayurveda for managing conditions like Prameha.
57) Lodhra:
Lodhra is an Ayurvedic herb used in formulations like Lodhrasava to treat conditions such as Prameha (diabetes).
58) Dadima:
Dadima, or pomegranate, is recommended in Ayurveda for dietary management of Prameha (diabetes) due to its health benefits.
59) Dushya (Dusya):
Dushya refers to the affected bodily tissues in Ayurveda. In Prameha, Meda (fat) is a predominant Dushya requiring treatment.
60) Vihara:
Vihara refers to lifestyle activities. Ayurveda recommends specific Vihara like exercise and yoga for managing Prameha by improving metabolism.
61) Dhanya:
Dhanya refers to grains like Jeerna Shali and Shyamaka, which are recommended in Ayurveda for managing Prameha by controlling blood sugar levels.
62) Kushodaka:
Kushodaka is a type of medicated water recommended in Ayurveda for its therapeutic benefits in managing conditions like Prameha.
63) Dantimula:
Dantimula is an ingredient used in Ayurvedic formulations like Dantyasava for managing Prameha (diabetes).
64) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Sharma is a co-author of the article discussing Ayurvedic perspectives on diabetes mellitus, contributing to its research and application.
65) Thirst:
Profound thirst is a common symptom of diabetes mellitus, also described in Ayurveda as Pipasa in Prameha patients.
66) Udaka:
Udaka means water, significant in preparations like Madhukodaka in Ayurveda for treating conditions like Prameha (diabetes).
67) Karma (Karman):
Karma refers to therapeutic actions or procedures in Ayurveda such as Samshodhana Karma, employed for treating Prameha (diabetes).
68) Laghu:
Laghu means light. Laghu Bhaksha (a light diet) is recommended in Ayurveda for managing Prameha by balancing Agni and controlling metabolism.
69) Kleda:
Kleda refers to moisture in Ayurveda. Excess Kleda, along with Kapha, is associated with Prameha, requiring specific management strategies.
70) Tikta:
Tikta, or bitter taste, is recommended in Ayurvedic diets for managing Prameha as it helps balance Doshic imbalances.
71) Avila:
Avila mutrata, or turbid urine, is a clinical symptom of Prameha (diabetes) noted in Ayurveda for diagnosis and treatment.
72) Death:
Diabetes mellitus, if unmanaged, can lead to severe complications and death. Ayurveda aims to prevent such outcomes through holistic management strategies.
73) Guru:
Guru, or heavy, refers to qualities in food or lifestyle causing imbalances. Overconsumption of Guru foods can lead to conditions like Prameha.
74) Yava:
Yava, or barley, is recommended in Ayurvedic dietary regimens for managing diabetes mellitus by balancing Doshas and controlling blood sugar.
75) Meha:
Meha is a general term for urinary disorders in Ayurveda. Madhumeha, a subset, specifically refers to diabetes mellitus marked by excessive urination.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 231]
Other Science Concepts:
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Madhumeha, Yogasana, Samshodhana, Rasayana therapy, Diabetes mellitus, Turbid urine, Sedentary lifestyle, Premonitory symptom, Shamanacikitsa, Polyuria, Shodhana Therapy, Ayurvedic Perspective, Vataja prameha, Glycemic control, Kaphaja Prameha, Ahara Dravya, Pittaja Prameha, Dietary habit, Profound thirst, Pathya Sevana, Preventive practices, Aptarpana Chikitsa.