Pharmagnostic Analysis and Chromatographic Fingerprinting of Vajradanti
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: Pharmagonostical Analysis and Chromotographical Fingerprinting of Vajradanti (Potentilla fulgens (Wall.) ex Hook.)
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Deeksha
PG Scholar, Dept of Dravyaguna, Rishikul Campus, UAU, Haridwar, India.
Kiran Vashisht
Professor, Dept of Dravyaguna, Gurukul campus, UAU, Dehradun, India.
Suresh Chaubey
Assistant Professor, Dept of Dravyaguna, Gurukul campus, UAU, Dehradun, India.
D.C Singh
Assistant Professor, Dept of Dravyaguna, Gurukul campus, UAU, Dehradun, India.
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Pharmagonostical Analysis and Chromotographical Fingerprinting of Vajradanti (Potentilla fulgens (Wall.) ex Hook.)
Year: 2023 | Doi: 10.47070/ayushdhara.v10iSuppl1.1128
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Poor oral hygiene and tooth disorders are widespread issues that lead to significant discomfort and tooth loss. The demand for effective treatments is urgent, prompting research into potential remedies, particularly herbal medicines. One such plant, Vajradanti (Botanical name: Potentilla fulgens), has a historical presence in Ayurvedic texts and local ethnomedicine as a potent treatment for various dental and gastrointestinal issues. This study aims to provide a detailed pharmacognostical analysis of Vajradanti roots, characterizing their macroscopic and microscopic properties, physicochemical parameters, and phytochemical constituents through various analyses, including HPTLC (High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography).
Phytochemical Composition of Vajradanti
The phytochemical evaluation revealed the presence of several bioactive compounds in Vajradanti roots, notably flavonoids like epicatechin. This study indicated that the aqueous extract contains carbohydrates, glycosides, amino acids, and proteins. More specifically, the high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis quantified epicatechin at a concentration of 0.032% w/w, indicating its potential role in promoting oral health. The presence of flavonoids, which exhibit antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, supports traditional uses of Vajradanti for treating toothaches and other oral diseases by preventing harmful bacteria from adhering to tooth surfaces.
Microscopic Structural Evaluation
Microscopic studies of Vajradanti roots revealed distinct anatomical features essential for identification and standardization. The outer bark consists of cork cells filled with tannins, while the cortical layer contains parenchyma cells. Key structures like lignified xylem and secondary phloem were observed, suggesting a robust vascular system. These anatomical characteristics are vital for understanding how the root can exert its pharmacological effects. The detailed morphological and histological evaluation contributes to establishing botanical standards that ensure the quality and efficacy of herbal preparations derived from Vajradanti.
Conclusion
This research highlights the significant medicinal potential of Vajradanti due to its rich composition of phenols and flavonoids, particularly in the context of oral health. By showcasing the pharmacognostical profile and quantifying important phytochemicals, this study lays a foundation for further investigations into the therapeutic applications of Potentilla fulgens. The results advocate for broader acceptance and validation of Vajradanti in both traditional and modern medicine, with the potential to positively impact public health by addressing common oral health challenges.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Vajradanti and its significance in Ayurveda?
Vajradanti, identified as Potentilla fulgens, is noted in Ayurvedic texts for its medicinal properties, particularly in treating oral diseases like toothache and digestive disorders. Its pharmacological benefits stem from its high content of flavonoids, including catechin and epicatechin.
What methods were used to analyze Vajradanti's pharmacognostical profile?
The study utilized macroscopic and microscopic evaluations, physicochemical analysis, phytochemical screening, and chromatographic techniques like TLC and HPTLC to assess the characteristics and active components of Vajradanti's root.
What were the main findings of the study on Vajradanti?
The results indicated that Vajradanti possesses significant physicochemical properties and phytochemical constituents like carbohydrates, alkaloids, and flavanoids, with epicatechin quantified at 0.032% w/w, supporting its use in traditional medicine for dental health.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Pharmagnostic Analysis and Chromatographic Fingerprinting of Vajradanti”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical refers to the chemical compounds produced by plants, often involved in defense against pests and diseases. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of Vajradanti root extract detected various classes of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, saponins, proteins, amino acids, and carbohydrates.
2) Disease:
Oral diseases, which are severe and common, can lead to tooth loss or damage. Vajradanti is mentioned in both Ayurvedic texts and Ethnomedicinal books as a potent remedy for conditions like Dantvikar and other oral diseases, highlighting the need for effective treatments against such ailments.
3) Medicine:
Vajradanti (Potentilla fulgens) is recognized as a potent medicine for treating various ailments including toothache, stomach disorders, gastric problems, and diabetes mellitus. It is traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine and ethnomedicinal practices for its therapeutic properties.
4) Drug:
Searching for a potent drug to combat poor oral hygiene and tooth disorders has become crucial. Vajradanti is being examined for its potential as an effective drug against oral diseases due to its significant medicinal properties, especially in controlling conditions like dental caries and periodontal diseases.
5) Flavonoid:
Flavonoid compounds such as catechin and epicatechin are present in Vajradanti and contribute to its medicinal potency. These flavonoids have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, which help in maintaining oral health by preventing bacteria such as streptococcus mutans from adhering to tooth surfaces.
6) Pharmacognostical:
Pharmacognostical analysis involves studying the morphological and histological characteristics of plants. In the case of Vajradanti, this analysis revealed detailed information about its root structure, including cork cells filled with tannins, secondary phloem, and lignified xylem, crucial for establishing botanical standards.
7) Hygiene (Hygienic):
Poor oral hygiene can lead to serious tooth disorders. Using Vajradanti, with its potent antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, is essential for maintaining good oral health. Ensuring proper hygiene can prevent widespread diseases such as dental caries and periodontal conditions.
8) Dravyaguna (Dravya-guna):
The department involved in the study of Vajradanti is the Dept. of Dravyaguna, which exists in institutions like Rishikul Campus, Haridwar, and Gurukul Campus, Dehradun. Dravyaguna deals with the properties and actions of medicinal plants, determining their therapeutic benefits.
9) Himalaya (Hima-alaya):
Potentilla fulgens, known as Vajradanti, is an alpine medicinal plant from the temperate regions of the Himalaya, found at elevations between 2000–3000 meters. The plant is traditionally used for its extensive healing properties by the tribal communities of the Himalayan region.
10) Family:
Vajradanti, scientifically known as Potentilla fulgens, belongs to the Rosaceae family. This family includes a wide range of plants, many of which have important medicinal properties, making them valuable in both traditional and modern medicine.
11) Cancer:
The root of Potentilla fulgens is used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments including cancer. Its bioactive compounds may provide therapeutic benefits in fighting the disease, although further detailed pharmacological studies are required to confirm its efficacy against cancer.
12) Bitter:
The root of Vajradanti has a distinctive bitter taste, which can be attributed to its bioactive compounds. This bitterness is a characteristic often associated with medicinal plants, many of which contain bitter principles that contribute to their therapeutic properties.
13) Campu:
[see source text or glossary: Campu]
14) Sugar:
Tests for carbohydrates in Vajradanti, such as Molisch’s, Fehling’s, and Benedict’s tests, indicate the presence of sugars. Detecting these phytochemical components is crucial for understanding the plant's nutritional and medicinal profile, especially in treating conditions like diabetes.
15) Ulcer:
The root of Potentilla fulgens has been traditionally used to treat peptic ulcers. The plant's bioactive compounds contribute to its effectiveness in healing ulcerative conditions, making it a valuable remedy in ethnomedicinal practices.
16) Fight:
Vajradanti is highlighted for its potential to fight oral diseases effectively. Its rich composition of phenols and flavonoids, such as epicatechin, contribute to its antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, making it a powerful agent against dental problems and maintaining oral health.
17) Arka:
Vajradanti is first described in the Ayurvedic text Arka Prakash, where it is mentioned as a potent medicine. This historical documentation highlights its long-standing recognition and usage in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for treating various ailments.
18) Pain:
Vajradanti is traditionally used to alleviate pain, specifically in conditions like toothache and stomach pain. Its effectiveness in soothing pain makes it a valuable plant in both folk medicine and modern pharmacological applications.
19) Common People (Common Folk):
Common people, especially those in tribal regions, frequently use Vajradanti for its medicinal properties. Its traditional usage for treating common ailments like toothache, stomach issues, and other health problems underscores its importance in everyday healthcare practices.
20) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological studies of Vajradanti focus on its therapeutic benefits, including antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. These studies aim to establish its efficacy in treating various health conditions and provide a scientific basis for its traditional uses in medicine.
21) Patanjali:
The quantification of catechin in Vajradanti was carried out at the Drug Discovery and Drug Development facility of Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar. This institution is known for its comprehensive research in developing natural and Ayurvedic products.
22) Meghalaya (Megha-alaya):
Vajradanti is locally known in Meghalaya as 'Lynniangbru.' This regional nomenclature reflects its widespread usage and recognition among various indigenous communities in different parts of India for its medicinal properties.
23) Assamese:
In Assamese, Vajradanti is referred to as 'Bajradanti.' This name underlines the plant's regional significance and its integration into traditional medicine practices among the Assamese-speaking populations.
24) Nepali:
In Nepali, Vajradanti is called 'Ganephul.' This highlights its relevance and use in traditional medicine practices within the Nepali-speaking communities, where it is valued for its extensive therapeutic properties.
25) Powder:
The root of Vajradanti is often used in its powdered form for various pharmacological preparations. This form of the plant is suitable for creating extracts used in research studies such as HPTLC analysis for determining the presence of bioactive compounds.
26) India:
The research and collection of Vajradanti were conducted in India, particularly focusing on regions like Uttarakhand. The plant's significant role in Ayurveda and its ethnomedicinal use across India underscore its value in traditional and modern medicine practices.
27) Tehri:
Vajradanti's fresh root was collected from the Dhanaulti region in the Tehri district of Uttarakhand. This area is part of the temperate Himalayas, providing an ideal environment for the growth of this medicinal plant.
28) Ayus (Ayush):
AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy) is an important system of traditional medicine in India. Vajradanti is studied within the framework of AYUSH, reflecting its significance in holistic and integrative healthcare approaches.
29) Hindi (Himdi):
In Hindi, Vajradanti is also known as 'Bajradanti.' This name indicates its common recognition and utilization in Hindi-speaking regions of India, where it is valued for addressing various health issues.
30) Hair:
Microscopic studies of Vajradanti revealed the presence of gland-tipped, multicellular, and unicellular hair on the floral pedicel. These biological features are significant for the plant’s identification and understanding of its pharmacognostical properties.
31) Salt (Salty):
Fast blue salt reagent and other reagents like 10% KOH were used in TLC to detect polyphenolic classes. These reagents help in identifying and analyzing the phytochemical composition of Vajradanti, particularly in chromatographic studies.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Pharmagnostic Analysis and Chromatographic Fingerprinting of Vajradanti’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Diabetes mellitus, Oral hygiene, HPTLC, Phytochemical analysis, Aqueous extract, TLC, Ethnomedicinal plant, Potentilla fulgens, Anthelmintic property, Hydro ethanol extract.