Evaluation of Etiopathlogical Study of Kustha w.s.r. to Sidhma Kustha - A Review
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: Evaluation of Etiopathlogical Study of Kustha w.s.r. to Sidhma Kustha - A Review
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Sunita Saini
PG Scholar, Dept. of RNVV, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Rohini Jat
PG Scholar, Dept. of RNVV, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Rahul Kothiyal
PG Scholar, Dept. of RNVV, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
B.K. Sevatkar
Professor, Dept. of RNVV, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Evaluation of Etiopathlogical Study of Kustha w.s.r. to Sidhma Kustha - A Review
Year: 2022 | Doi: 10.47070/ayushdhara.v9iSuppl2.1043
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The skin serves as the body's outermost protective barrier against a variety of external agents, and its health is a crucial reflection of overall well-being. Increasing environmental changes, lifestyle modifications, and stressors contribute to the rising prevalence of skin diseases, which are collectively referred to as "Kushta" in Ayurvedic medicine. Among these, "Sidhma Kushta" is characterized by specific symptoms such as a white or copper-colored rash and a powder-like texture upon rubbing, primarily affecting the chest region. Understanding the etiopathology of Sidhma Kushta is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment.
Etiology and Pathogenesis of Sidhma Kushta
The underlying causes of Sidhma Kushta are intricately linked to the vitiation of doshas (biological energies), particularly Vata and Kapha. In Ayurveda, the disease does not solely arise from the disruption of one dosha but is instead a multifactorial condition resulting from the interaction of Vata, Pitta, and Kapha with skin and blood tissues. This interplay can be exacerbated by improper dietary habits and lifestyle choices, often encapsulated by the concept of "Nidana." For instance, the consumption of incompatible food items and failure to address natural urges can significantly contribute to the aggravation of doshas, leading to skin disorders.
Comparison with Tinea Versicolor
Sidhma Kushta bears a notable similarity to the modern medical condition known as Tinea Versicolor, a fungal infection caused by the Malassezia furfur fungus. This condition manifests as discolored patches on the skin and is particularly prevalent among teenagers and young adults. Similar to Sidhma Kushta, Tinea Versicolor is not contagious and may present initially as asymptomatic lesions that become prominent upon scratching. Both conditions involve an underlying issue with skin moisture and texture, suggesting that an understanding of Sidhma Kushta could provide valuable insights into treating Tinea Versicolor effectively.
Conclusion
Maintaining skin health is essential for overall wellness, as the skin reflects internal bodily conditions. Awareness of dietary and lifestyle choices plays a pivotal role in preventing skin diseases, including Sidhma Kushta and its modern correlates. Ayurveda advocates for a holistic approach to skin care by integrating physical health and mental well-being through appropriate dietary regimens and herbal formulations. Understanding the connection between mental states and skin conditions highlights the importance of stress management and emotional health in preserving skin integrity and preventing disorders.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Sidhma Kushta in Ayurveda?
Sidhma Kushta is a type of Kushta, characterized by white and copper-colored lesions, primarily affecting the upper body. It is linked to imbalances in Vata and Kapha doshas, leading to skin abnormalities related to conditions like Tinea versicolor.
How do environmental changes affect skin health?
Environmental changes, lifestyle modifications, and work-related stress can lead to skin diseases such as Kushta. These factors contribute to imbalances in doshas and negatively impact skin health, making awareness and preventive measures important.
What are the common etiological factors for Kushta?
Etiological factors include improper diet, lifestyle choices, suppression of natural urges, and exposure to extreme environments. These can provoke dosha imbalances, leading to the manifestation of skin diseases like Sidhma Kushta.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Evaluation of Etiopathlogical Study of Kustha w.s.r. to Sidhma Kustha - A Review”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Sidhma:
Sidhma is classified under Kustha in Ayurveda. It is a type of skin disease characterized by white or copper-colored lesions, thin lesions, and dust-like powder on scratching. Sidhma often appears on the chest region and involves the vitiation of Vata and Kapha dosha.
2) Kushtha (Kustha):
[see source text or glossary: Kushtha]
3) Disease:
In Ayurveda, disease is often a result of the vitiation of doshas due to various Nidanas. Kustha, including Sidhma Kustha, is one such disease, characterized by specific skin lesions and the involvement of doshas like Vata, Kapha, and sometimes Pitta.
4) Dosha (Dosa):
Doshas are fundamental concepts in Ayurveda that refer to the three bio-energies: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. They play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diseases like Sidhma Kustha. Imbalance or vitiation of these doshas leads to various health conditions.
5) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the three primary doshas in Ayurveda. It is associated with qualities such as coldness, moistness, and heaviness. In the case of Sidhma Kustha, an aggravated Kapha increases Kleda and provides a conducive environment for Krimi, leading to skin issues.
6) Vata:
Vata is another crucial dosha in Ayurveda, responsible for movements and bodily functions. It is involved in the pathogenesis of Sidhma Kustha by causing dryness and powdery skin lesions. Vata's aggravation can affect the blood and muscles, contributing to skin diseases.
7) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient medical system that categorizes skin diseases under Kustha. It emphasizes the balance of doshas and proper lifestyle to maintain health. In Ayurveda, Sidhma Kustha is a specific skin disorder involving Vata and Kapha dosha, treatable through dietary and lifestyle changes.
8) Food:
Food plays a significant role in the development and management of diseases in Ayurveda. Unwholesome food combinations, such as milk with fish, can aggravate doshas and lead to skin diseases like Sidhma Kustha. Proper dietary habits are essential for maintaining skin health.
9) Nidana:
Nidana refers to the causes or etiological factors of disease in Ayurveda. For Kustha, including Sidhma Kustha, common Nidanas include improper food combinations, excessive intake of certain foods, and lifestyle habits. These factors lead to the vitiation of doshas and subsequent skin issues.
10) Mamsa (Mamsha):
Mamsa, or muscle tissue, is one of the Dhatus affected in Kustha diseases. In Sidhma Kustha, vitiated doshas cause damage to the Mamsa, contributing to the skin's poor health and appearance. The involvement of Mamsa in Sidhma Kustha aligns with its classification under Kustha.
11) Rakta:
Raktha, another term for blood in Ayurveda, is crucial for maintaining skin health. Its vitiation, along with other Dhatus, contributes to the manifestation of Sidhma Kustha. Proper management of Raktha is vital for the effective treatment of skin diseases.
12) Samprapti:
Samprapti refers to the pathogenesis or development process of a disease in Ayurveda. In the case of Sidhma Kustha, the Samprapti involves the vitiation of doshas, which then affect the skin and other tissues, leading to the manifestation of the disease.
13) Ambu:
Ambu, or body fluids like plasma, play a role in the pathogenesis of Kustha diseases. In Sidhma Kustha, vitiation of Ambu along with other Dhatus and doshas contributes to the symptoms such as discolored and powdery skin lesions.
14) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiation refers to the imbalance or disturbance of doshas, Dhatus, or other bodily substances in Ayurveda. For Sidhma Kustha, vitiation of doshas like Vata and Kapha leads to skin lesions and other symptoms. Proper management aims to correct these vitiations.
15) Substance:
[see source text or glossary: Substance]
16) Prakopa:
Prakopa is the aggravation phase of doshas in Ayurveda. In Sidhma Kustha, Nidana leads to the Prakopa of Vata and Kapha doshas, which then manifest as skin lesions and other symptoms, indicating an aggravated state requiring Ayurvedic intervention.
17) Dushya (Dusya):
Dushya refers to the tissues or elements susceptible to disease due to dosha vitiation. In Sidhma Kustha, Dushyas like Twak (skin), Rakta (blood), and Mamsa (muscle) are affected, leading to characteristic lesions and discoloration. Managing these Dushyas is crucial for treatment.
18) Dhatu:
Dhatus are the fundamental tissues in Ayurveda, including skin, blood, muscle, and lymph. Vitiation of these Dhatus, along with doshas, contributes to the development of diseases like Sidhma Kustha. Proper balance of Dhatus is essential for maintaining skin health.
19) Blood:
Blood, or Rakta in Ayurveda, is integral to overall health and is often involved in skin diseases. Vitiated blood contributes to the pathology of Sidhma Kustha, leading to discoloration and lesions. Managing blood quality is crucial for treating such conditions.
20) Vagbhata:
Vagbhata is an authoritative classical figure in Ayurveda who discusses various aspects of Kustha. According to him, Sidhma Kustha presents with specific symptoms and involves the vitiation of doshas like Vata and Kapha. His texts are foundational for understanding skin diseases.
21) Tridosha (Tridosa, Tri-dosha):
[see source text or glossary: Tridosa]
22) Ashtanga (Astanga, Ashtan-anga):
[see source text or glossary: Astanga]
23) Dravya:
Dravya refers to the substances or elements involved in the manifestation of diseases in Ayurveda. In the context of Sidhma Kustha, Dravyas include the three doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha) and the affected Dhatus (Twak, Rakta, Mamsa, Ambu). Proper understanding aids in treatment.
24) Rohini:
[see source text or glossary: Rohini]
25) Prapti:
Prapti in Ayurveda refers to the acquisition or progression stage of a disease. For Sidhma Kustha, Raja Prapti involves the process by which vitiated doshas affect the skin, leading to the full-fledged symptoms like powdery lesions and discoloration.
26) Powder:
Powder refers to the characteristic dust-like quality found in Sidhma Kustha lesions when scratched. This is caused by the vitiation of Vata and Kapha doshas, leading to flaky skin that sheds easily when disturbed, a key symptom in diagnosing the disease.
27) Pitta:
Pitta is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, associated with heat and metabolism. Though Sidhma Kustha primarily involves Vata and Kapha, Pitta can also contribute to inflammation and discoloration. Balancing Pitta is essential for comprehensive skin health.
28) Kleda:
Kleda refers to moisture or fluid within the body. In Sidhma Kustha, aggravated Kapha increases Kleda, creating a conducive environment for fungal growth like Krimi. Managing Kleda is crucial for controlling symptoms and preventing further aggravation of the disease.
29) Krimi (Krmi):
Krimi in Ayurveda refers to parasites or microorganisms like fungi. In Sidhma Kustha, an environment created by vitiated Kapha and increased Kleda supports the growth of Krimi, similar to the fungal pathogen in conditions like Tinea versicolor.
30) Roga:
Roga in Ayurveda means disease. Kustha roga, including Sidhma Kustha, involves vitiation of doshas and multiple Dhatus. Understanding the specific type of roga, including its etiology and pathogenesis, is crucial for effective treatment and management.
31) Raja:
Raja refers to the dust or powdery appearance produced by scratching the lesions in Sidhma Kustha. This is a key diagnostic feature indicating Vata's role in the disease pathology, contributing to the flaky, powdery quality of the skin.
32) Pana:
Pana refers to drink or beverage in Ayurveda. The intake of unwholesome or incompatible pana can aggravate doshas, contributing to skin diseases like Sidhma Kustha. Proper selection of beverages is essential for maintaining dosha balance and skin health.
33) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa in Ayurveda refers to the essence or plasma part of blood. Vitiation of Rasa Dhatu can contribute to the development of skin diseases like Sidhma Kustha. Rasa is one of the primary tissues affected, along with Rakta, Mamsa, and Ambu.
34) Mana:
Mana, or mind, plays a crucial role in Ayurveda. Mental health issues like stress and anxiety can lead to Strotodushti, affecting skin health and contributing to diseases like Sidhma Kustha. Holistic treatment involves both mental and physical well-being.
35) Fish:
Fish is an example of a food that, when consumed with certain other foods like milk, can cause dosha vitiation. This incompatibility (Viruddha Anna) can lead to conditions like Sidhma Kustha by disrupting the balance of Vata, Pitta, and Kapha.
36) Mental health:
Mental health is vital in Ayurveda for overall well-being. Issues like anxiety and stress can aggravate doshas and lead to Strotodushti, making one susceptible to skin diseases like Sidhma Kustha. Maintaining mental health can prevent and manage such disorders.
37) Ashtangahridaya (Astangahrdaya, Ashtanga-hridaya):
[see source text or glossary: Astanga-hrdaya]
38) Rasadhatu (Rasa-dhatu):
Rasa-dhatu refers to the primary nourishing fluid in the body, akin to plasma. Its vitiation is key in the pathogenesis of Sidhma Kustha, leading to skin issues when disrupted. Proper management of Rasa-dhatu is essential for effective treatment in Ayurveda.
39) Discussion:
The discussion on Sidhma Kustha in Ayurveda involves evaluating its etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment based on dosha vitiation and affected Dhatus. Comparing it to modern analogs like Tinea versicolor enhances our understanding and management approaches.
40) Shlakshna (Slaksna):
[see source text or glossary: Shlakshna]
41) Pundarika (Pumdarika):
[see source text or glossary: Pundarika]
42) Rajasthan:
[see source text or glossary: Rajasthan]
43) Annapana (Anna-pana):
Anna-pana refers to food and drink. Incorrect Anna-pana management, such as consuming incompatible food combinations, can lead to dosha vitiation and result in skin diseases like Sidhma Kustha. Proper dietary habits are crucial for preventing skin disorders.
44) Knowledge:
[see source text or glossary: Knowledge]
45) Visphota:
[see source text or glossary: Visphota]
46) Vomiting:
Suppression of the urge to vomit is listed as one of the Viaraj Nidanas leading to dosha vitiation and skin diseases like Sidhma Kustha. Proper management of natural urges is crucial in Ayurveda for maintaining dosha balance and overall health.
47) Samgraha (Sangraha):
[see source text or glossary: Sangraha]
48) Sweating (Sweat):
Excessive sweating can predispose an individual to fungal infections like Tinea versicolor, which is comparable to Sidhma Kustha in Ayurveda. Managing factors that lead to increased sweating is essential for preventing and treating skin conditions.
49) Alasaka:
[see source text or glossary: Alasaka]
50) Samhita:
Samhita refers to classical Ayurvedic texts such as Charaka Samhita, Sushrut Samhita, and Astanga Hrdaya. These texts provide detailed descriptions of diseases like Sidhma Kustha, their pathogenesis, and treatment options, serving as foundational literature.
51) Shastra (Sastra):
Shastra in Ayurveda signifies the authoritative texts that form the basis of medical knowledge. Treatments for ailments like Sidhma Kustha are derived from these texts, and following the Shastra helps maintain skin and overall health through Ayurvedic principles.
52) Avarana:
Avarana refers to the obstruction caused by aggravated doshas. In Sidhma Kustha, Avarana can lead to the buildup of pathogenic factors in the skin, causing the characteristic lesions. Managing Avarana is crucial for treating the underlying causes of the disease.
53) Shataru (Sataru):
[see source text or glossary: Shataru]
54) Kshudra (Ksudra):
Kshudra Kustha is a classification that includes Sidhma Kustha. These types of skin diseases involve the vitiation of doshas and affect the skin's quality and appearance. Proper treatment aims to balance the doshas and restore skin health.
55) Kaphaja:
[see source text or glossary: Kaphaja]
56) Mandala (Mamdala):
[see source text or glossary: Mandala]
57) Ashraya (Asraya):
Ashraya refers to the substratum or location where the vitiated doshas manifest. In Sidhma Kustha, doshas find Ashraya in the skin and related tissues, leading to disease expression. Managing Ashraya helps in controlling and treating such conditions.
58) Snigdha:
Snigdha means oily or unctuous in Ayurveda. Consuming Snigdha foods in excess or inappropriately, such as in the case of Snigdha guru pana, can aggravate doshas and contribute to skin diseases like Sidhma Kustha. Balancing Snigdha quality in the diet is essential.
59) Kitibha:
[see source text or glossary: Kitibha]
60) Doshaja (Dosha-ja, Dosaja):
Doshaja indicates conditions caused by the vitiation of doshas. Sidhma Kustha is a Doshaja roga, involving the imbalance of Vata, Kapha, and sometimes Pitta. Understanding the dosha involvement helps in prescribing effective Ayurvedic treatments.
61) Jaggery:
Excessive intake of Jaggery is listed under Aharaja Nidana, leading to the vitiation of doshas and contributing to skin diseases like Sidhma Kustha. Proper dietary moderation is essential to prevent such conditions.
62) Sevana:
Sevana refers to consumption or indulgence. Nidana Sevana involves behaviors or dietary practices that lead to disease development. In the case of Sidhma Kustha, improper Sevana of incompatible foods or lifestyle choices results in dosha vitiation and skin disorders.
63) Ruksha (Ruksa):
[see source text or glossary: Ruksha]
64) Mulaka:
[see source text or glossary: Mulaka]
65) Sthana:
Sthana in Ayurveda refers to bodily locations or places. Sidhma Kustha commonly manifests on Urapradesh (chest region). Identifying the Sthana helps in understanding the disease pattern and guiding effective treatment.
66) Kapala:
[see source text or glossary: Kapala]
67) Lasika:
Lasika refers to lymphatic fluid, which is one of the Dhatus involved in the pathogenesis of Kustha diseases. However, its role in Sidhma Kustha appears to be less significant compared to other Dhatus like Rakta and Mamsa, which are primarily affected.
68) Hridaya (Hrdaya):
[see source text or glossary: Hrdaya]
69) Chinta:
Chinta, or excessive worry and anxiety, can aggravate doshas and lead to skin diseases like Sidhma Kustha. Mental stress affects Strotodushti, leading to various health issues. Ayurveda emphasizes managing Chinta for overall well-being and skin health.
70) Jaipur:
[see source text or glossary: Jaipur]
71) Purity:
Purity of blood, tissues, and other bodily substances is essential for healthy skin. Sidhma Kustha results from the impurity and vitiation of these elements. Maintaining internal purity through proper diet and lifestyle can prevent and treat skin diseases.
72) Manas (Mano, Manash):
[see source text or glossary: Manas]
73) Dadru:
[see source text or glossary: Dadru]
74) Kandu (Kamdu):
Kandu means itching, a symptom mentioned by Acharya Susrutha in the context of Sidhma Kustha. Severe itching or Kandu indicates the involvement of doshas and may require specific treatments to alleviate symptoms and restore skin health.
75) Bahya:
[see source text or glossary: Bahya]
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 92]
Other Science Concepts:
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