Physico-Chemical Study of Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanvati
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: Physico-Chemical Analysis of a Herbal Classical Formulation-Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanvati
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Vanya Gupta
PG Scholar, PG Dept. of Agadtantra, Uttarakhand Ayurveda University, Rishikul Campus, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
Ved Bhushan Sharma
Assistant Professor, PG Dept. of Agadtantra, Uttarakhand Ayurveda University, Rishikul Campus, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
R. C. Tiwari
Professor & H.O.D, PG Dept. of Agadtantra, Uttarakhand Ayurveda University, Rishikul Campus, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
Om Prakash Gupta
Professor, Dept. of Kayachikitsa, Sri Sai Ayurved Medical College, Aligarh, U.P, India
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Physico-Chemical Analysis of a Herbal Classical Formulation-Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanvati
Year: 2022 | Doi: 10.47070/ayushdhara.v9i5.1061
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Ayurveda, a traditional system of medicine originating from India, emphasizes maintaining balance and harmony within the body, mind, and environment as a means of preventing and treating diseases. This ancient practice utilizes natural ingredients to address the underlying causes of ailments, rather than merely alleviating symptoms. With approximately 45,000 plant species, the Indian subcontinent is a rich source of biodiversity for herbal medicine. The concept of polyherbalism, noted in texts such as Sharangdhara Samhita, enhances therapeutic efficacy by combining multiple plant ingredients. In this context, the study focuses on the classical herbal formulation Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati, laying down analytical standards for its assessment, which have not been previously reported.
Importance of Polyherbalism
Polyherbalism is a key concept in Ayurveda that combines the therapeutic properties of various plants to achieve enhanced health benefits. Sometimes, the phytochemical constituents of a single plant are insufficient for desired therapeutic effects; thus, blending these constituents in specific ratios can improve efficacy and ameliorate toxicity. The study underlines this importance by analyzing Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati, which embodies the principle of using a mixture of ingredients known for their synergistic benefits against toxins produced in the liver, particularly in conditions like Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). The formulation includes multiple herbal components recognized for their medicinal value, affirming the need for a comprehensive approach to herbal medicine.
Quality Control and Standardization
Quality control in the production of herbal medicines is critical due to challenges such as the use of low-quality raw materials and inconsistent manufacturing processes. The research emphasizes the necessity for standardization to ensure the therapeutic efficacy of formulations like Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati. Through rigorous analysis—including organoleptic, physicochemical, and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) assessments—the study establishes a baseline for quality control procedures. The analytical results demonstrated that the formulation met acceptable limits concerning various tests, including disintegration time, extractive values, and heavy metal content. This systematic approach aids in establishing the foundation for further standardization and regulatory compliance in the preparation of Ayurvedic medicines.
Conclusion
The study of Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati illustrates the potential of Ayurveda to meet modern healthcare needs through effective use of its traditional principles. By conducting comprehensive analyses that demonstrate compliance with necessary quality standards, this research contributes to the ongoing efforts for standardization and validation of Ayurvedic formulations. The findings can facilitate the advancement of the formulation into a more standardized product, enhancing its reliability and effectiveness in clinical practice. Future endeavors should build upon these foundational standards to further establish the credibility and therapeutic potential of Ayurvedic medicine in contemporary healthcare systems.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati and its use?
Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati is a classical Ayurvedic formulation known for its detoxifying properties. It contains various herbal ingredients aimed at eliminating toxins from the body, particularly those impacting liver health, as described in the Yogaratnakara.
What methodologies were used for analyzing Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati?
The formulation underwent various tests including organoleptic assessment, physicochemical analysis, and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). These methods helped evaluate the quality, consistency, and presence of active medicinal compounds in the formulation.
Why is quality control important in Ayurvedic formulations?
Quality control is crucial in Ayurveda to ensure the therapeutic efficacy and safety of herbal medicines. Standardization helps maintain consistency in dosage, proper ingredient identification, and limits variability, which enhances patient trust in Ayurvedic treatments.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Physico-Chemical Study of Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanvati”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Agada:
Agada refers to an Ayurvedic formulation known for its ability to counteract toxins. In the study, the term is used in the preparation 'Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati', a classical Ayurvedic medicine targeting toxins or visha in the body, particularly from the liver causing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
2) Ghanavati:
Ghanavati is a type of Ayurvedic medicine prepared by evaporating aqueous extracts until a solid consistency known as Ghana is achieved. The term 'Ghanavati' in this study denotes a solid dosage form of the Shleshmatakadhya Agada, which enhances the medicinal attributes and ensures easier administration.
3) Drug:
In the context of this research, a drug refers to medicinal substances derived from natural sources, including plants, that are used in Ayurvedic formulations. Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati, for instance, is studied for its therapeutic effectiveness in treating various illnesses by ensuring standard quality and analytical features.
4) Medicine:
Medicine, in this context, defines the final product like the Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati, which is a carefully formulated Ayurvedic preparation aimed at treating specific ailments by balancing body energies and eliminating toxins. Medicine in Ayurveda integrates natural ingredients processed to enhance efficacy and safety.
5) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is one of India's ancient systems of medicine focusing on holistic healing by balancing the body, mind, and environment. The study discusses various Ayurvedic principles, formulations like Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati, and the significance of maintaining harmony within the body to prevent and treat diseases.
6) Substance:
Substance refers to the raw materials used in the preparation of the Ayurvedic formulation. In Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati, substances like the barks, fruits, and stems of medicinal plants are processed and analyzed for their therapeutic qualities, ensuring the final product's integrity and efficacy.
7) Vati:
Vati refers to a tablet form of Ayurvedic medicine, which ensures easier administration and precise dosage control. In this study, Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati is prepared in Vati form, making it convenient for consumption and maintaining the potency of the active ingredients.
8) Kalpana:
[see source text or glossary: Kalpana]
9) Powder:
Powder, or Churna, is often a preliminary form in which medicinal plants are processed before undergoing further Ayurvedic procedures. Shleshmatakadhya Agada starts as a coarse powder (Yavakuta Churna) before being processed into the Ghanavati form.
10) Gupta:
Vanya Gupta is one of the authors of the study. Her contribution as a P.G. Scholar involves conducting the research and documentation of the preparation and analysis of Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati, ensuring that the scientific methodologies and Ayurvedic principles are diligently followed.
11) Campu:
Campus refers to the academic and research setting where part of this study took place. Specifically, the Uttarakhand Ayurveda University, Rishikul Campus, Haridwar, plays a significant role in the research and validation of Ayurvedic formulations like Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati.
12) Mineral:
Minerals are one of the natural sources from which Ayurvedic medicines can be derived, processed safely for therapeutic use. The study primarily focuses on plant formulations, but minerals are acknowledged as essential in other Ayurvedic preparations.
13) Vanya:
Vanya Gupta is the first author of the study. Her work involves the scientific investigation, preparation, and qualitative analysis of Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati, contributing valuable insights into the standards and efficacy of this Ayurvedic formulation.
14) Ghana:
Ghana in this context refers to the solid concentrated extract derived from decoctions through evaporation in Ayurvedic preparation methods. The term is significant in the production of Ghanavati, where the herbal mixture is concentrated into a solid form to maximize potency and ease of use.
15) Apamarga:
Apamarga (Achyranthes aspera) is one of the key ingredients in Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati. Its whole plant is used, known for various therapeutic properties such as Shiro-Virechana and Krimighna, contributing to the overall efficacy of the formulation.
16) Brihati (Brhati):
Brihati (Solanum torvum) is another essential component of the Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati. The whole plant is used for its medicinal properties, including Angamarda-prashamana and Shothahara effects, enhancing the therapeutic value of the formulation.
17) Bitter:
Bitter taste is one of the organoleptic properties observed in the Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati formulation. This taste profile is commonly associated with medicinal benefits in Ayurveda, indicating the presence of potent therapeutic compounds.
18) India:
India is the origin of Ayurveda, where traditional medicine plays a significant role in healthcare. The country's biodiversity, including around 45,000 plant species, provides a rich source of raw materials for formulations like Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati.
19) Knowledge:
Knowledge in Ayurveda spans centuries, comprising ancient Vedic wisdom and modern scientific research. This study combines traditional Ayurvedic principles with contemporary analytical methods to evaluate the Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati formulation.
20) Disease:
Disease in Ayurveda is often seen as an imbalance in the body's energies. The formulation Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati is designed to restore balance and treat the underlying causes of diseases, particularly those related to toxins or Visha.
21) Nepali:
Nepali Farms in Haridwar is one of the locations where plant materials like Apamarga and Kantakari were collected for the preparation of Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati. The authenticity and quality of raw materials gathered from such locations are crucial for the formulation.
22) Purity:
Purity of the raw drugs is essential for ensuring the efficacy and safety of Ayurvedic formulations. The study involves various analyses like physico-chemical tests to ascertain the purity of Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati, confirming it meets Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (API) standards.
23) Aragvadhadi (Aragvadha-adi):
Aragvadhadi is a group of medicinal plants referenced in classical Ayurvedic texts, part of which includes ingredients like Amaltas in Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati. Each group of plants is known for specific therapeutic properties, contributing to the formulation’s efficacy.
24) Brihatyadi (Brhatyadi, Brihatya-adi):
Brihatyadi is another category of medicinal plants mentioned in classic Ayurvedic literature. Ingredients like Brihati from this group are used in Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati for their significant health benefits and pharmacological properties.
25) Bhaishajya (Bhaisajya):
Bhaishajya Kalpana refers to the Ayurvedic pharmaceutical division dealing with the preparation, dosage, and formulation of medicines. The study discusses various preparations under Bhaishajya Kalpana, including the Ghanavati form of Shleshmatakadhya Agada.
26) Shothahara (Sothahara, Shotha-hara):
Shothahara refers to anti-inflammatory properties in Ayurveda. Ingredients like Kantakari used in Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati possess Shothahara properties, contributing to the formulation's ability to reduce inflammation and treat related symptoms.
27) Kantakari (Kamtakari):
Kantakari (Solanum surattense) is used in Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati for its Kasahara (antitussive) and Shothahara (anti-inflammatory) properties. It is one of the six primary ingredients that enhance the overall efficacy of the formulation.
28) Angamarda (Anga-marda, Amgamarda):
[see source text or glossary: Angamarda]
29) Samhita:
Samhita refers to ancient Ayurvedic texts compiling extensive medical knowledge. The formulation Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati is referenced in 'Yogaratnakara' Samhita, illustrating the deep historical roots and classical formulations used in Ayurvedic medicine.
30) Dravya:
Dravya refers to the substances or raw materials used in Ayurvedic medicine. The study highlights the identification and authentication of the dravyas such as Shleshmatak Twaka, Apamarga, etc., which are used in the formulation of Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati.
31) Phanta (Phamta):
Phanta is one of the Panchvidh Kashayakalpana, a method in Ayurveda for preparing liquid formulations by infusing herbs. Though the study focuses on Ghanavati, understanding various preparation methods like Phanta is essential for comprehensive Ayurvedic pharmaceutical knowledge.
32) Nature:
Nature in Ayurveda implies the natural origin of medicinal substances, ensuring their purity and efficacy. The study underscores the use of natural ingredients in the Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati formulation to restore balance and treat diseases.
33) Indian:
Indian refers to the geographical origin of Ayurveda as a medical system. The Ayurvedic formulation Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati and its herbs are indigenous to India, utilizing the country's rich biodiversity for medicinal purposes.
34) Phala:
Phala refers to the fruits used in Ayurvedic preparations. In Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati, Amaltas phala (fruit pod) is one of the critical ingredients, contributing to the formulation's therapeutic properties and overall effectiveness.
35) Kanda (Kamda):
Kanda refers to the stems used in Ayurvedic medicine. In Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati, Guduchi Kanda (stem) is utilized for its medicinal properties, such as promoting longevity and detoxifying the body.
36) Hima:
[see source text or glossary: Hima]
37) Guna:
Guna means quality or property. In Ayurveda, the therapeutic efficacy of substances like those in Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati depends on their gunas or inherent qualities, which contribute to the overall healing effects.
38) Soil:
Soil content in medicinal plants can affect their purity and quality. The study checks for acid-insoluble ash values in Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati, assessing the presence of soil and other non-medicinal particles that could impact the formulation.
39) Tinospora cordifolia:
# Tinospora cordifolia #, also known as Guduchi, is one of the primary ingredients of Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati. Its stem (Kanda) is used for its numerous health benefits, including immunity-boosting properties and as a detoxifying agent.
40) Angamardaprashamana (Angamardaprasamana, Angamarda-prashamana):
[see source text or glossary: Angamarda-prashamana]
41) Cordia dichotoma:
Cordia dichotoma, known as Shleshmatak, is one of the main ingredients in Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati. The study utilizes its bark for its therapeutic properties, contributing to the formulation's efficacy in treating liver diseases and detoxifying the body.
42) Hikkanigrahana (Hikka-nigrahana):
[see source text or glossary: Hikkanigrahana]
43) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological analysis is crucial in understanding the therapeutic efficacy of formulations like Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati. The study employs such analyses to validate and standardize the formulation against parameters ensuring its safety and effectiveness.
44) Stanyashodhana (Stanyasodhana, Stanya-shodhana):
[see source text or glossary: Stanyashodhana]
45) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical analysis identifies the active compounds in herbal formulations, such as Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati. It includes evaluating constituents like flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids, essential for ensuring the medicine's therapeutic properties.
46) Vayasthapana (Vaya-sthapana):
[see source text or glossary: Vayasthapana]
47) Dravyaguna (Dravya-guna):
[see source text or glossary: Dravya-guna]
48) Vamanopaga (Vamana-upaga):
[see source text or glossary: Vamanopaga]
49) Prashamana (Prasamana):
Prashamana refers to the pacifying effect in Ayurveda. Ingredients in Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati, such as those with Shothahara or anti-inflammatory properties, contribute to prashamana, helping restore balance and alleviate symptoms in the body.
50) Phalavarga (Phala-varga):
[see source text or glossary: Phalavarga]
51) Discussion:
Discussion in the study involves analyzing the findings from various tests and their implications for the quality and efficacy of Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati. It compares observed values with standards to conclude on the formulation's therapeutic potential.
52) Meditation:
Meditation is a part of the holistic approach in Ayurveda, aimed at balancing the mind and body. Although not directly related to the formulation of Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati, meditation complements the overall Ayurvedic treatment regime.
53) Krimighna (Krmighna, Krimi-ghna):
[see source text or glossary: Krimighna]
54) Rasakriya (Rasa-kriya):
Rasakriya pertains to the process of preparing semi-solid extracts in Ayurveda, similar to Ghanavati. The study mentions Rasakriya as part of the pharmaceutical process to ensure the formulation's potency and therapeutic effect, making the medicine more palatable and easier to administer.
55) Kakolyadi (Kakoli-adi):
[see source text or glossary: Kakolyadi]
56) Samshamana (Samsamana):
[see source text or glossary: Samsamana]
57) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a group of phytonutrients found in plants used in Ayurvedic formulations. The study's phytochemical analysis of Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati may involve identifying flavonoids, which contribute to the formulation's antioxidant and therapeutic properties.
58) Patoladi (Patola-adi):
[see source text or glossary: Patoladi]
59) Kasahara (Kasa-hara):
[see source text or glossary: Kasahara]
60) Varunadi (Varuna-adi):
[see source text or glossary: Varunadi]
61) Toxicity:
Toxicity analysis ensures the Ayurvedic formulation is safe for consumption. The study evaluates Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati for toxic elements like heavy metals, adhering to safety standards to prevent any adverse effects on health.
62) Trishna (Trsna):
[see source text or glossary: Trishna]
63) Avaleha:
Avaleha is a type of Ayurvedic preparation similar to a thick syrup or confection. Although Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati is a Ghanavati, the principles of conversion from Kwath to a solid form relate closely to Avaleha preparation methods, ensuring a concentrated and effective dosage form.
64) Kanthya (Kamthya):
[see source text or glossary: Kanthya]
65) Phanita:
[see source text or glossary: Phanita]
66) Shyamadi (Shyama-adi, Syamadi):
[see source text or glossary: Syamadi]
67) Vishani (Visani):
[see source text or glossary: Vishani]
68) Kashaya (Kasaya):
Kashaya kalpana refers to Ayurvedic preparations involving decoctions, which include various processes to extract medicinal properties from plants. The study converts Shleshmatakadhya Agada Kwatha into Ghanavati, optimizing the kashaya's potency and ensuring it meets therapeutic standards.
69) Hygiene (Hygienic):
Hygiene is integral to the preparation and storage of Ayurvedic medicines. The study emphasizes hygiene through GMP-certification, ensuring that Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati is prepared in a clean, safe environment to prevent contamination and maintain quality.
70) Yakrit (Yakrt):
[see source text or glossary: Yakrit]
71) Guruta:
[see source text or glossary: Guruta]
72) Arkadi (Arka-adi):
[see source text or glossary: Arkadi]
73) Shleshma (Slesma):
[see source text or glossary: Slesma]
74) Family:
Family in this context refers to the taxonomical classification of plants used in the formulation. For instance, Cordia dichotoma belongs to the Boraginaceae family, and each plant family has distinct medicinal properties contributing to the formulation's overall therapeutic effect.
75) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Ved Bhushan Sharma is one of the co-authors of the study, who contributed to the analytic and experimental research. His expertise in Ayurvedic medicine supports the study's aim to establish standardized protocols for Shleshmatakadhya Agada Ghanavati.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 97]
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