Tarpana - A Novel Ocular Modality and its Unfathomable Potential
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: Tarpana - A Novel Ocular Modality and its Unfathomable Potential
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Manojna.S.Maliye
UG Scholar, Department of Shalakya tantra, Sri Paripoorna Sanathana Ayurveda Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Arjunabettahalli, Nelamangala, Bangalore Rural, Karnataka, India
Prakruthi G
Assistant Professor, Department of Shalakya tantra, Sri Paripoorna Sanathana Ayurveda Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Arjunabettahalli, Nelamangala, Bangalore Rural, Karnataka, India
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Tarpana - A Novel Ocular Modality and its Unfathomable Potential
Year: 2022 | Doi: 10.47070/ayushdhara.v9i4.1028
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Ayurveda, an ancient system of medicine, offers comprehensive solutions for various ailments, emphasizing the significance of eye health within its framework. Shalakya tantra, one of the eight branches of Ayurveda, focuses on disorders related to the upper part of the body, predominantly the eyes—considered a crucial sensory organ vital for life quality. Among the various therapeutic modalities in Shalakya tantra, Kriyakalpa procedures, particularly Akshi Tarpana, are noted for their local ocular treatments aimed at enhancing vision and resolving ocular conditions.
Akshi Tarpana: A Pivotal Ocular Treatment
Akshi Tarpana, also known as Netra basti, is a specialized Ayurvedic treatment where warm medicated ghee is applied over the eyes using a dough frame. This procedure is designed to rejuvenate and nourish the eye by providing a therapeutic benefit through localized medicated substances. The fundamental purpose of Tarpana is to offer satisfaction to the eyes and improve visual clarity, addressing issues such as dryness, blurriness, and injuries. Different combinations of medicinal formulations, known as Tarpana yogas, are used based on the individual's condition, reflecting the personalized approach of Ayurveda in treating eye disorders.
Importance of Kriyakalpas in Eye Health
Kriyakalpas represent a range of local ocular procedures tailored to address various physiological and pathological conditions of the eyes. These methods are integral to Ayurvedic ophthalmology and are believed to effectively manage eye diseases such as Timira (visual disturbances) and Abhishyanda (ocular inflammation). The procedures employ medicated substances that can penetrate the ocular tissues, enhancing their effectiveness. The application of Kriyakalpas requires preparatory methods, careful administration, and post-treatment care to optimize results and prevent complications, which further highlights the holistic approach of Ayurveda towards eye health.
Conclusion
The practice of Tarpana not only underscores the significance of maintaining eye health within Ayurvedic treatments but also highlights the ability of this modality to combat both minor and serious eye conditions. Its potential to revitalize and enhance vision is supported by a holistic methodology that prioritizes the well-being of the sensory organs. As Ayurveda continues to offer valuable insights into health management, there is an increasing need to recognize and integrate these traditional practices into modern medicine to ensure comprehensive ocular care and sustained visual acuity.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Tarpana and its significance in Ayurvedic eye treatment?
Tarpana, also known as Akshi Tarpana, is an Ayurvedic procedure involving the application of medicated ghee over the eyes. It is crucial for maintaining ocular health and treating various eye conditions by enhancing vision clarity and providing nourishment to the eyes.
What are the indications for performing Akshi Tarpana?
Akshi Tarpana is indicated for conditions such as dryness of eyes, blurriness of vision, squint, and reduced lacrimation. It helps alleviate symptoms like roughness of eyelids and falling eyelashes, contributing to overall eye health.
Are there any contraindications for the Tarpana procedure?
Yes, Tarpana is contraindicated in conditions like excessive hot or cold weather, grief, fatigue, and if complications persist. It should not be performed on cloudy or rainy days and is advised against during emotional distress or tiredness.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Tarpana - A Novel Ocular Modality and its Unfathomable Potential”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Tarpana:
Tarpana is a procedure in which medicated ghee or any Sneha is kept over the eyes for a specific period of time. It is designed to rejuvenate the eyes by enhancing the clarity of vision and overall ocular health. It comes under the Kriyakalpa category of treatments in Shalakya-tantra in Ayurveda.
2) Ghrita (Ghrta):
Ghrita, or ghee, is a clarified butter that is commonly used in Ayurvedic practices like Tarpana. Due to its lipid-soluble properties, it allows for deeper penetration and absorption of medicinal qualities into eye tissues, facilitating better therapeutic outcomes.
3) Matra:
Matra refers to the measurement or units indicating the duration to retain medicines like ghrita during procedures such as Tarpana. The unit varies depending on the dosha (like Vata, Pitta) or the specific ocular area treated.
4) Netra:
Netra, meaning eye, is considered the prime sensory organ in Ayurveda. Therapies like Tarpana focus on maintaining and rejuvenating the Netra to improve vision, reduce eye ailments, and enhance quality of life.
5) Timira:
Timira refers to visual disturbances or disorders in Ayurvedic terminology. It is one of the conditions that Tarpana aims to treat, restoring clarity and preventing further degeneration of vision.
6) Ruksha (Ruksa):
Ruksha denotes dryness. In the context of eye health, Ruksha describes conditions like dry eyes, which can be treated with procedures like Snigdha Kriya including Tarpana with medicated ghee to restore moisture.
7) Vataja (Vata-ja):
Vataja pertains to conditions and disorders caused by the vitiation of the Vata dosha, one of the three doshas in Ayurveda. Treatment must accommodate the properties of Vata, such as dryness and coldness, using therapies like warm Tarpana.
8) Dosha (Dosa):
Doshas are fundamental bodily humors in Ayurveda, namely Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Management of ocular health, including procedures like Tarpana, must consider the vitiation and balancing of these doshas.
9) Abhishyanda (Abhisyanda):
Abhishyanda refers to conditions similar to conjunctivitis, characterized by symptoms like redness and discharge. Tarpana can be an effective treatment after symptoms like inflammation and secretion are managed.
10) Disease:
[see source text or glossary: Disease]
11) Avila:
Avila refers to blurriness of vision, one of the symptoms that various Ayurvedic treatments, including Tarpana, aim to rectify to provide clarity and improved eyesight.
12) Yoga:
[see source text or glossary: Yoga]
13) Roga:
[see source text or glossary: Roga]
14) Vagbhata:
Vagbhata is a renowned ancient Ayurvedic scholar whose texts like Ashtanga Hrudaya and Ashtanga Sangraha provide detailed treatments and methodologies, including Tarpana for ocular health.
15) Pittaja (Pitta-ja):
[see source text or glossary: Pittaja]
16) Kriya:
Kriya in Ayurveda refers to therapeutic procedures. Tarpana is a type of Kriya specifically designed to treat and rejuvenate the eyes, protecting vision and ocular health.
17) Pitta:
Pitta is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, governing heat and metabolism. Conditions aggravated by Pitta require cooling treatments, such as cold Tarpana, to balance this dosha in ocular therapies.
18) Kapha:
Kapha is a dosha that involves qualities of coldness, moisture, and stability. Tarpana using warm medicated Ghrita is often employed to counteract Kapha-related eye ailments.
19) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient science of life and medicine originating from India. It emphasizes holistic health practices, including Tarpana, to maintain and restore health, particularly ocular health.
20) Siddha:
[see source text or glossary: Siddha]
21) Shukla (Sukla):
Shukla in the context of eye health may refer to corneal opacity or ulcer. Tarpana can be used as a treatment to clear such conditions, enhancing the natural color and clarity of the eyes.
22) Karma (Karman):
[see source text or glossary: Karma]
23) Nasya (Nashya):
Nasya karma is a form of treatment in Ayurveda where medicated oils or powders are administered through the nasal passage. It is a part of Purvakarma done before Tarpana to clear the head region.
24) Ashru (Asru):
Ashru translates to tears or lacrimation. Conditions like reduced or excessive lacrimation (Ashru) are managed using Ayurvedic treatments including Tarpana with medicated ghee.
25) Pain:
[see source text or glossary: Pain]
26) Drug:
[see source text or glossary: Drug]
27) Adhimantha:
Adhimantha refers to a severe eye disease that includes symptoms like intense pain and potential visual loss. Tarpana can be part of the treatment protocol for this condition in Ayurveda.
28) Lakshana (Laksana):
Lakshana means symptoms. In the context of Tarpana, it refers to signs indicating whether the treatment has been administered correctly, such as clarity of vision and eye comfort.
29) Medicine:
[see source text or glossary: Medicine]
30) Kaphaja:
[see source text or glossary: Kaphaja]
31) Snigdha:
Snigdha means unctuous or oily, a crucial quality in treatments like Tarpana which use Ghrita to counteract dryness and nourish eye tissues.
32) Dravya:
[see source text or glossary: Dravya]
33) Akshi (Aksi):
Akshi denotes the eyes. Treatments in Shalakya tantra, like Tarpana, are aimed at preserving and improving the health of Akshi.
34) Shalakyatantra (Salakyatantra, Shalakya-tantra, Shalakyatamtra):
Shalakya-tantra is a branch of Ayurveda that deals with ear, nose, throat, and eye disorders. It includes specialized treatments like Tarpana for maintaining ocular health.
35) Vidagdha:
Vidagdha refers to conditions caused by burning or inflammation due to Pitta aggravation. Tarpana using cooling medicated ghee helps in managing such conditions in the eyes.
36) Ashtanga (Astanga, Ashtan-anga):
[see source text or glossary: Ashtanga]
37) Manojna (Manas-jna):
[see source text or glossary: Manojna]
38) Tantra (Tamtra, Tantrism):
[see source text or glossary: Tantra]
39) Edema (Oedema):
Oedema refers to swelling. Ayurvedic treatments like Tarpana can help reduce ocular oedema associated with various eye conditions, facilitating better eye health.
40) Kalpa:
[see source text or glossary: Kalpa]
41) Sneha:
Sneha means oiliness or fat, and in the context of Tarpana, it primarily refers to the use of medicated Ghrita (ghee) to treat and rejuvenate the eyes.
42) Dhatu:
[see source text or glossary: Dhatu]
43) Masha (Masa, Ma-sha):
Masha refers to black gram, the flour of which is used to prepare the dough frame (Paali) that holds ghee in place during the Tarpana procedure.
44) Dina:
[see source text or glossary: Dina]
45) Vata:
Vata is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda responsible for movement and nervous functions. Tarpana treatments often need to address Vata imbalances in eye disorders.
46) Guna:
[see source text or glossary: Guna]
47) Siraharsha (Siraharsa):
[see source text or glossary: Siraharsha]
48) Substance:
[see source text or glossary: Substance]
49) Stiffness:
[see source text or glossary: Stiffness]
50) Shodhana (Sodhana):
[see source text or glossary: Shodhana]
51) Putapaka (Puta-paka):
[see source text or glossary: Putapaka]
52) Samhita:
[see source text or glossary: Samhita]
53) Arjuna:
[see source text or glossary: Arjuna]
54) Vikara:
[see source text or glossary: Vikara]
55) Sandhi (Shandhi, Samdhi):
[see source text or glossary: Sandhi]
56) Anjana (Amjana):
[see source text or glossary: Anjana]
57) Basti:
[see source text or glossary: Basti]
58) Jihma:
Jihma refers to squint. This is one of the ocular conditions that can be managed and treated with the Ayurvedic procedure of Tarpana.
59) Pali (Palin):
Paali is the dough frame made from Masha or Yava flour used in the Tarpana procedure to hold medicated ghee over the eyes.
60) Guru:
[see source text or glossary: Guru]
61) Bala:
[see source text or glossary: Bala]
62) Kala:
[see source text or glossary: Kala]
63) Puranaghrita (Puranaghrta, Purana-ghrita):
Purana-ghrita refers to aged ghee used in Ayurvedic treatments including Tarpana. It is considered especially potent for its enhanced medicinal properties.
64) Parishushka (Parisuska):
Parishushka means excessive dryness of the eyes. Tarpana is particularly effective in alleviating this condition by providing essential lubrication.
65) Purvakarma (Purvakarman, Purva-karman):
Purvakarma refers to preparatory procedures, such as Nasya and Virechana, done before administering Tarpana to ensure optimal treatment efficacy.
66) Samrambha:
Samrambha describes swelling or inflammation, conditions that must be managed before performing Tarpana for optimal results.
67) Vitiation (Vitiated):
[see source text or glossary: Vitiation]
68) Darshana (Darsana):
[see source text or glossary: Darshana]
69) Pratyaya:
[see source text or glossary: Pratyaya]
70) Asahatva (Asaha-tva):
[see source text or glossary: Asahatva]
71) Tilvaka:
[see source text or glossary: Tilvaka]
72) Krishna (Krsna):
[see source text or glossary: Krishna]
73) Durdina (Dur-dina):
[see source text or glossary: Durdina]
74) Stabdha:
Stabdha refers to stiffness of the eyes. Tarpana can help alleviate symptoms like stiffness, restoring flexibility and comfort to the eyes.
75) Atiyoga:
Atiyoga refers to excessive treatment administration. Identifying Atiyoga symptoms like heaviness (Guru) and excessive lacrimation (Ashru) helps adjust Tarpana dosage.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 203]
Other Science Concepts:
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Tripti, Kriyakalpa, Shalakyatantra, Medicated Ghrita, Vata, Pitta, Kapha, Bahirparimarjana chikitsa, Dosha dushti, Niramavastha, Akshi Tarpana, Swasthasya Swaasthya Rakshanam, Netra Basti, Kriyakalpa procedure.