BOH (Bad Obstetric History) – An Ayurvedic Perspective
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: BOH (Bad Obstetric History) – An Ayurvedic Perspective
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Deepika Bhadre
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Prasuti Tantra Evum Stree Roga, Dhanwantari Ayurvedic Medical College & Hospital, Udgir, Maharashtra, India.
Mangesh Mundhe
Professor & HOD, Dept. of Prasuti Tantra Evum Stree Roga, Dhanwantari Ayurvedic Medical College & Hospital, Udgir, Maharashtra, India.
Namdev Bansode
Associate Professor, Dept. of Roganidan & Vitruti vidnyan, Dhanwantari Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital, Udgir, Maharashtra, India.
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: BOH (Bad Obstetric History) – An Ayurvedic Perspective
Year: 2021 | Doi: 10.47070/ayushdhara.v8i3.757
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
1) Introduction
Bad Obstetric History (BOH) is a term referring to a pattern of unfavorable prenatal outcomes, including recurrent miscarriages, early neonatal deaths, stillbirths, and congenital anomalies. This phenomenon poses emotional and psychological stress on couples attempting to conceive, especially those dealing with primary or secondary infertility. Ayurvedic texts describe conditions such as Putraghni Yonivyapad, which correlate with BOH, highlighting the relevance of both traditional and modern medical perspectives in addressing the complex challenges surrounding obstetric care.
2) Ayurvedic Perspectives on BOH
Ayurveda provides a comprehensive understanding of BOH through the concept of Putraghni Yonivyapad, which emphasizes the role of doshas, particularly Vata, in reproductive health. It elucidates various causative factors leading to repeated miscarriages, including vitiation of Artava (menstrual blood), disorders in Shonita (blood), and other systemic imbalances. Acharyas, or Ayurveda scholars, identify dietary and lifestyle choices contributing to Vata aggravation, underlining the importance of holistic management that encompasses both physical and psychological aspects before and during pregnancy. The Ayurvedic approach seeks to restore balance through targeted treatments, dietary adjustments, and lifestyle modifications, aiming to minimize adverse outcomes in patients with BOH.
3) Modern Medical Insights on BOH
Modern obstetric sciences identify various etiology behind BOH, including genetic, hormonal, infectious, anatomical, and immunological factors. Genetic abnormalities account for a small percentage of BOH cases, while hormonal imbalances related to conditions like PCOS or hypothyroidism significantly influence reproductive success. Infectious agents, such as those in the TORCH complex, pose additional risks for fetal health. Anatomical anomalies, particularly uterine abnormalities, are prevalent in recurrent abortions. Immunological factors, including autoimmune conditions, can lead to complications. With advancements in medical technologies, such as genetic counseling and assisted reproductive techniques, there are various management strategies available that target individual causative factors contributing to BOH.
4) Conclusion
The management of Bad Obstetric History necessitates a thorough understanding of both Ayurvedic and modern medical principles to address the multifaceted nature of reproductive health effectively. A combined or integrative approach can enhance therapeutic outcomes for patients facing recurrent pregnancy loss. Comprehensive care must include proper diagnosis, understanding of underlying causes, and personalized treatment plans that consider both mental well-being and physical health. By leveraging the strengths of both Ayurveda and contemporary medical practices, healthcare providers can better support individuals dealing with BOH, ultimately improving their chances for a successful pregnancy.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What does BOH mean in obstetric care?
BOH stands for Bad Obstetric History, which refers to a pattern of recurrent miscarriages, unfavorable fetal outcomes, or complications related to pregnancy, such as stillbirth or preterm births.
How does Ayurveda address Bad Obstetric History?
In Ayurveda, conditions like Putraghni Yonivyapad are examined, which account for recurrent abortions and neonatal deaths. Treatment focuses on balancing the doshas and rectifying underlying issues related to diet, lifestyle, and the patient's health.
What are some modern causes of recurrent miscarriages?
Modern causes include genetic abnormalities, hormonal issues, infections, anatomical problems, and immunological factors. Proper diagnosis can aid in tailored treatment to address these issues effectively.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “BOH (Bad Obstetric History) – An Ayurvedic Perspective”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Artava:
Artava in Ayurveda refers to the menstrual blood or ovarian hormones. Its vitiation can lead to repeated abortions and gynecological disorders by disrupting hormonal balance or menstrual cycles.
2) Death:
Within the context of Bad Obstetric History (BOH), death refers to the loss of a fetus or neonate, which can occur due to various genetic, immunological, infectious, or anatomical causes.
3) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda, known as the science of life, provides detailed management and preventive strategies for Bad Obstetric History through both medicinal treatment and holistic approaches including diet and lifestyle changes.
4) Blood:
In Ayurveda, blood or Shonita plays a crucial role in the health of the reproductive system. Its vitiation can cause disorders leading to miscarriages and neonatal deaths in BOH cases.
5) Shonita (Sonita):
Shonita, or blood, is vital for maintaining reproductive health. Its imbalances can lead to gynecological issues, such as repeated abortions, and other complications within the concept of Bad Obstetric History.
6) Vagbhata:
Acharya Vagbhata is a classical Ayurvedic scholar who described conditions like Jataghni Yonivyapad, focusing on the role of aggravated Vayu in neonatal deaths, providing a historical context for BOH management.
7) Dushta (Dusta):
Dushta, meaning vitiated or impure, is used to describe pathological conditions in Ayurveda like Dushta Shonita (impure blood) which can result in recurrent miscarriages.
8) Dosha (Dosa):
Dosha in Ayurveda refers to the three fundamental bio-elements (Vata, Pitta, Kapha) whose imbalance can lead to various diseases including those contributing to BOH.
9) Vata:
Vata is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda and is associated with movement and energy flow. Its aggravation can lead to various gynecological disorders including Bad Obstetric History.
10) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is a state in India where the Dhanwantari Ayurvedic Medical College & Hospital is located, contributing to research and practice in the field of Ayurveda, including BOH.
11) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiation in Ayurveda refers to the imbalance or disturbance of doshas, leading to disorders like BOH. Vitiated Artava and Shonita are considered primary causes of recurrent abortions.
12) Ghrita (Ghrta):
Ghrita, or clarified butter, is often used in Ayurvedic treatments. Uttarbasti with Kashmari & Kutaja Siddha Ghrita is specific therapy mentioned for managing Bad Obstetric History.
13) Mithya:
Mithya, meaning improper or wrong, in Ayurveda often refers to Mithya Ahar (improper diet) and Mithya Vihar (improper lifestyle) that disturb doshas and can cause conditions like BOH.
14) Karma (Karman):
Karma in an Ayurvedic context refers to therapeutic procedures or actions like Panchkarma, which are used in treating gynecological disorders and BOH by purifying the body.
15) Vayu:
Vayu in Ayurveda is a subtype of Vata dosha associated with air and wind. Its aggravation can cause fetal issues, contributing to conditions like Jataghni Yonivyapad in BOH cases.
16) Samprapti:
Samprapti in Ayurveda is the pathogenesis or development of disease. In BOH, it describes how factors like Mithya Ahar and Vihar lead to the vitiation of doshas and cause abortions.
17) Sthaniya:
Sthaniya refers to local treatment in Ayurveda. Such treatments include Uttarbasti and applying Utkarika, which are crucial for managing conditions causing BOH.
18) Prasuti:
Prasuti refers to childbirth and associated medical care. The Dept. of Prasuti Tantra in Ayurveda focuses on gynecological and obstetric disorders, including BOH.
19) Tantra (Tamtra, Tantrism):
Tantra in Ayurveda refers to the specialized fields or branches of study, such as Prasuti tantra for obstetrics, crucial for managing conditions like Bad Obstetric History.
20) India:
India is where Ayurveda originated. Universities and hospitals in India, including Dhanwantari Ayurvedic Medical College, actively research and treat BOH using traditional Ayurvedic methods.
21) Birth:
Birth refers to the delivery of a baby. BOH includes adverse birth outcomes like stillbirths, preterm births, and neonatal deaths, requiring detailed consultation and treatment.
22) Roga:
Roga in Ayurveda means disease. The Roganidan & Vitruti Vidnyan department deals with diagnosing diseases, including those causing BOH.
23) Raja:
Raja is a synonym for Artava or menstrual blood in Ayurveda. Vitiation of Raja can lead to conditions like recurrent miscarriages in BOH.
24) Aha (Ahan, Ahar):
Ahar refers to diet in Ayurveda. Mithya Ahar, or improper diet, is a cause of Vata aggravation and consequent gynecological disorders leading to BOH.
25) Burning sensation:
Burning sensation is a symptom of pitta vitiation described in Ayurveda. It can accompany gynecological conditions that contribute to recurrent miscarriages in BOH.
26) Genetic disorder:
Genetic disorders, such as chromosomal abnormalities, are significant causes of BOH as they can lead to repeated miscarriages and congenital anomalies.
27) Menstrual blood:
Menstrual blood, described as Shonita or Artava in Ayurveda, plays a significant role in reproductive health. Its vitiation can lead to repeated miscarriages in BOH.
28) Tuberculosis:
Tuberculosis is listed as one of the chronic infections that can result in recurrent miscarriages and contribute to BOH, through chronic endometritis.
29) Purification:
Purification refers to Shodhana therapies in Ayurveda, such as Panchakarma, which are essential for treating conditions leading to BOH by detoxifying the body.
30) Shatapushpa (Satapuspa, Shata-pushpa):
Shatapushpa, or Anethum sowa, is an herb used in Ayurvedic formulations like Utkarika, applied locally for treating gynecological conditions implicated in BOH.
31) Triphaladi (Triphala-adi):
Triphaladi Ghrita is a medicated ghee used in Ayurveda for internal medication, helping to manage conditions contributing to BOH by balancing doshas.
32) Discussion:
Discussion in the article refers to the explanation and interpretation of Ayurvedic terms related to BOH and the necessity of an integrative treatment approach using both Ayurvedic and modern medicine.
33) Kashmari (Kasmari):
Kashmari, or Gmelina arborea, is used to prepare medicated ghee for Uttarbasti therapy, which helps manage recurrent miscarriages in BOH as per Ayurvedic principles.
34) Shodhana (Sodhana):
Shodhana, or purification therapies like Panchakarma, are employed in Ayurveda for the detoxification necessary to manage gynecological disorders leading to BOH.
35) Utkarika:
Utkarika is a local application made with specific herbal pastes mentioned in Ayurvedic texts, used for treating uterine and gynecological conditions related to BOH.
36) Priyangu (Priyamgu):
Priyangu is an herb used in Ayurvedic preparations such as Utkarika, which is applied locally to manage conditions contributing to BOH.
37) Vishesha (Visesa):
Vishesha Chikitsa refers to special treatment modalities in Ayurveda. For BOH, it includes therapies like Uttarbasti and specific herbal medications to manage gynecological disorders.
38) Yoniroga (Yoni-roga):
Yoniroga refers to gynecological diseases in Ayurveda. Conditions such as Putraghni Yonivyapad are categorized under Yoniroga and are treated with specialized Ayurvedic therapies to prevent BOH.
39) Jirakadi:
Jirakadi Modak is an Ayurvedic preparation used as internal medication to manage gynecological disorders leading to BOH by balancing doshas and enhancing reproductive health.
40) Aushadhi (Ausadhi, Aushadhin, Ausadhin):
Aushadhi refers to herbal medications in Ayurveda. Various Aushadhi are recommended for treating BOH, addressing underlying dosha imbalances and reproductive system health.
41) Mutation:
Mutation, a genetic alteration, can lead to chromosomal abnormalities like those causing BOH, resulting in recurrent miscarriages and congenital anomalies.
42) Vriddha (Vrddha):
Vriddha Vagbhata, an Ayurvedic scholar, emphasized the role of Vata dosha in gynecological disorders, indicating the need for Vata-pacifying treatments in BOH management.
43) Kushtha (Kustha):
Kushtha is an herb used in Ayurvedic formulations for local applications like Utkarika, which help treat BOH by managing gynecological conditions.
44) Siddha:
Siddha Ghrita, or medicated ghee, is used in Uttarbasti therapy for managing BOH by applying specific herbal preparations to address gynecological disorders.
45) Sindhu (Simdhu):
Sindhu refers to K Sindhu, an author of a study on BOH, highlighting factors like APLA and hypertension in recurrent miscarriages, integrated with Ayurvedic perspectives in the article.
46) Sadhya:
Sadhya Vyadhi refers to treatable diseases in Ayurveda. BOH conditions are considered Sadhya with appropriate Ayurvedic and integrative treatments.
47) Kutaja (Kuta-ja):
Kutaja is an herb used in preparation of medicated ghee for Uttarbasti therapy in Ayurvedic treatment, aimed at managing recurrent miscarriages in BOH.
48) Nidana:
Nidana refers to the causative factors of diseases in Ayurveda. Understanding Nidana helps in identifying and treating the root causes of BOH conditions.
49) Vyadhin (Vyadhi):
Vyadhi in Ayurveda means disease. Bad Obstetric History is considered a Vyadhi, and its management includes addressing underlying dosha imbalances.
50) Family:
Family support is crucial in managing unexplained cases of BOH, providing emotional reassurance and psychological care to those experiencing recurrent miscarriages.
51) Namadeva (Namdev):
Namdev Bansode is an Associate Professor at Dhanwantari Ayurvedic Medical College, contributing to research and treatment of BOH from an Ayurvedic perspective.
52) Phala:
Phala Sarpi is an Ayurvedic medication used internally for treating conditions like BOH by balancing the doshas and enhancing reproductive health.
53) Pitta:
Pitta is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda. Pitta vitiation, often manifesting as burning sensation, can contribute to gynecological disorders leading to BOH.
54) Sneha:
Sneha, or oleation, involves the use of oils or ghee and is part of the preparatory phase before Panchkarma therapies in Ayurveda, essential for managing BOH.
55) Kalka:
Kalka refers to herbal paste preparations used in Ayurveda. Utkarika made with Kalka of specific herbs is applied locally to treat conditions contributing to BOH.
56) Rakta:
Rakta, or blood, in Ayurveda, is crucial for reproductive health. Vitiation of Rakta can lead to conditions like recurrent miscarriages, contributing to BOH.
57) Mridu (Mrdu):
Mridu therapies like mild forms of Vamanadi Panchkarma are recommended in Ayurveda before more intensive treatments for managing gynecological disorders in BOH.
58) Kinva:
Kinva, mentioned in Ayurvedic formulations like Utkarika, is used to treat gynecological disorders involved in BOH.
59) Sarpis (Sarpi, Sarpish):
Sarpi, or ghee, is used in various Ayurvedic treatments such as Phala Sarpi and Triphaladi Ghrita, essential for managing conditions contributing to BOH.
60) Ayus (Ayush):
Ayush is an acronym for Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy. Journals like AYUSHDHARA publish research on these systems of medicine, including BOH management.
61) Aahar:
Aahar, or diet, plays a crucial role in Ayurveda. Mithya Aahar, or improper diet, can lead to dosha imbalances and gynecological disorders resulting in BOH.
62) Bala:
Bala is an herb used in Ayurvedic formulations like Utkarika, aimed at treating gynecological disorders that contribute to BOH.
63) Diet:
Diet, or Aahar in Ayurveda, influences dosha balance. Mithya Aahar can disturb Vata and other doshas, leading to conditions like BOH.
64) Drug:
Drug treatments in modern and Ayurvedic medicine are used based on causative factors to manage BOH by addressing infections, hormonal imbalances, and genetic issues.