Pharmaceutical standardization of samaguna and shadaguna balijarita rasa sindura
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: Pharmaceutical standardization of samaguna and shadaguna balijarita rasa sindura
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Sorab Gaind
Lecturer, Department of Rasa Shastra, Guru Nanak Ayurvedic Medical College & Hospital, Sri Muktsar Sahib, Punjab, India.
Pradeep Agnihotri
Proffessor, Department of Rasa Shastra, Ayurveda Mahavidyalya, Hubli, Karnataka, India.
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Pharmaceutical standardization of samaguna and shadaguna balijarita rasa sindura
Year: 2020 | Doi: 10.47070/ayushdhara.v7i5.629
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Rasasindura is a traditional Ayurvedic mineral preparation that is made using the Kupipakwa method, involving the gradual heating of mercury (Parada) and sulfur (Gandhaka) in a sealed glass container. The study focuses on the pharmaceutical standardization of two variants: Samaguna and Shadguna Balijarita Rasasindura, which differ in their proportions of the primary ingredients and processing times. The research compares the therapeutic effectiveness and yields of both formulations, investigating how variations in preparation techniques influence their physical and chemical properties.
Importance of Pharmaceutical Standardization
Pharmaceutical standardization is critical in Ayurveda to ensure the safety, efficacy, and consistency of herbal and mineral formulations. The study emphasizes the preparation of Samaguna Kajjali and Shadguna Kajjali, which serve as foundational components for their respective Rasasindura formulations. By analyzing the trituration (mardana) processes and duration, significant differences were found; for instance, Shadguna Kajjali took 120 hours compared to 72 hours for Samaguna Kajjali. Furthermore, the yield of Shadguna Kajjali was diminished due to more significant loss during the preparation phase, indicating that extended processing time might not straightforwardly correlate with increased efficacy.
Temperature and Heating Characteristics
The preparation processes for Samaguna and Shadguna Balijarita Rasasindura revealed critical insights regarding temperature management. Samaguna Rasasindura required heating ranges between 600 °C to 650 °C, while Shadguna Rasasindura necessitated higher temperatures ranging from 650 °C to 800 °C. The duration of fuming and flaming stages was longer in the Shadguna variant, suggesting different thermal dynamics that may affect yield and pharmacological properties. The research indicates that the conditions of heating, including temperature fluctuation and heating timelines, are vital for achieving a quality final product with optimal therapeutic benefits.
Conclusion
The comparative analysis of Samaguna and Shadguna Balijarita Rasasindura demonstrates the significance of technique in Ayurvedic pharmaceutical preparations. While the easier preparation and greater yield of Samaguna highlight its practicality, Shadguna's prolonged processing time and distinctive characteristics suggest it may offer enhanced therapeutic potential despite a more complex and labor-intensive process. This study emphasizes the need for continued research into optimal preparation techniques to refine Ayurvedic formulations further, ensuring both efficacy and safety in their use.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What are Samaguna and Shadguna in Ayurvedic medicine?
Samaguna and Shadguna refer to different formulations of Rasasindura, which is prepared using varying ratios of mercury (Parada) and sulfur (Gandhaka). The two formulations differ in their therapeutic efficacy due to the composition and preparation methods.
What is the significance of pharmaceutical standardization in Ayurvedic preparations?
Pharmaceutical standardization ensures consistent quality, efficacy, and safety of Ayurvedic preparations. It involves the systematic study of physical and chemical properties to establish reliable manufacturing practices, which is crucial for enhancing therapeutic outcomes and minimizing toxic effects.
How does the preparation duration affect Rasa Sindura formulations?
The preparation duration significantly impacts the characteristics of Rasa Sindura formulations. Samaguna Rasasindura takes about 20 hours to prepare, while Shadguna Rasasindura takes approximately 38 hours, leading to differences in yield, potency, and therapeutic properties.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Pharmaceutical standardization of samaguna and shadaguna balijarita rasa sindura”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Kajjali:
Kajjali is a black powder formed by triturating Shuddha Parada (purified mercury) and Shuddha Gandhaka (purified sulfur) [see source text or glossary: Kajjali].
2) Parada:
Parada refers to purified mercury used in Ayurvedic preparations. It is processed through methods like Shodhana to remove impurities [see source text or glossary: Parada].
3) Gandhaka (Gamdhaka):
Gandhaka signifies purified sulfur in Ayurveda, which after Shodhana, is used in the preparation of traditional medicines like Rasasindura [see source text or glossary: Gandhaka].
4) Rasa (Rasha):
[see source text or glossary: Rasa]
5) Shodhana (Sodhana):
Shodhana is the purification process for raw materials like Parada and Gandhaka, involving techniques such as grinding and washing to remove impurities [see source text or glossary: Shodhana].
6) Salaka (Shalaka):
Shalaka is an iron rod used to test the compound's state during the preparation by observing changes through heating stages [see source text or glossary: Shalaka].
7) Milk:
Milk is used as a Shodhana agent in Gandhaka Shodhana due to its cooling and sweet properties, helping to mitigate the hot and pungent nature of Gandhaka [see source text or glossary: Milk].
8) Mardana:
Mardana is the process of continuous grinding or trituration of ingredients like Parada and Gandhaka to achieve fine powder consistency in preparations like Kajjali [see source text or glossary: Mardana].
9) Sindura (Simdura):
[see source text or glossary: Sindura]
10) Drug:
[see source text or glossary: Drug]
11) Valuka:
[see source text or glossary: Valuka]
12) Powder:
[see source text or glossary: Powder]
13) Karma (Karman):
Karma refers to the actions or processes involved in pharmaceutical preparations such as Purva Karma, Pradhana Karma, and Paschat Karma [see source text or glossary: Karma].
14) Agnihotrin (Agnihotri, Agnihotr, Agni-hotrin, Agni-hotri):
Agnihotri is a surname mentioned in the document: Pradeep Agnihotri, one of the researchers in the study [see source text or glossary: Agnihotri].
15) Lashuna (Lasuna):
Lashuna is garlic used along with Saindhva lavana during Shodhana to purify Parada by absorbing impurities, aided by its fine paste form [see source text or glossary: Lashuna].
16) Yantra (Yamtra):
Yantra denotes tools or apparatus like Valukayantra and Damaruyantra which are vital in Ayurvedic pharmaceutical preparations [see source text or glossary: Yantra].
17) Bhatti (Bhattigey):
Bhatti is a traditional furnace used in Kupipakva Rasayana methods for gradually increasing and maintaining temperatures for medicine preparation [see source text or glossary: Bhatti].
18) Sudha:
[see source text or glossary: Sudha]
19) Valukayantra (Valuka-yantra):
Valuka-yantra is similar to Valukayantra, an iron vessel filled with Valuka (sand) used for heating Kupi during Ayurvedic medicine preparations [see source text or glossary: Valuka-yantra].
20) Medicine:
[see source text or glossary: Medicine]
21) Rasashastra (Rasa-shastra, Rasasastra):
Rasashastra is the Indian alchemical tradition focusing on the use of minerals and metals in preparing potent medicines [see source text or glossary: Rasashastra].
22) Khalvayantra (Khalva-yantra):
Khalva-yantra is an apparatus used for triturating ingredients finely, essential in producing preparations like Kajjali [see source text or glossary: Khalva-yantra].
23) Goghrita (Goghrta, Go-ghrita):
[see source text or glossary: Goghrita]
24) Shastra (Sastra):
[see source text or glossary: Shastra]
25) Mineral:
Mineral refers to substances like Parada and Gandhaka that are vital ingredients in traditional Ayurvedic preparations [see source text or glossary: Mineral].
26) Kalka:
Kalka is a fine paste, here particularly referring to Lashuna kalka (garlic paste) mixed with Parada for the purification process [see source text or glossary: Kalka].
27) Kaca:
[see source text or glossary: Kacha]
28) Prakshalana (Praksalana):
Prakshalana, in this context, is the washing process during Shodhana to clean the mercury (Parada) after trituration with substances like Sudha churna [see source text or glossary: Prakshalana].
29) Sharava (Sarava):
[see source text or glossary: Sharava]
30) Lavana:
Lavana refers to salt, specifically Saindhva lavana, used along with Lashuna for the Shodhana process to cleanse Parada [see source text or glossary: Lavana].
31) Discussion:
[see source text or glossary: Discussion]
32) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is a traditional system of medicine focused on the balance in body, mind, and spirit, using natural substances including minerals and herbs [see source text or glossary: Ayurveda].
33) Pradhana:
Pradhana Karma refers to the main procedures involved in the preparation, such as heating schedules and sealing processes in Ayurvedic formulation methods [see source text or glossary: Pradhana].
34) Jarana:
[see source text or glossary: Jarana]
35) Kumari:
[see source text or glossary: Kumari]
36) Cotton:
Cotton is used in steps like Sandhibandhana for binding and sealing apparatus in pharmaceutical preparation processes [see source text or glossary: Cotton].
37) Sita (Shita):
Shita Shalaka refers to the cold iron rod used during the preparation to test and manage the state of the compound being processed [see source text or glossary: Shita].
38) Honey:
[see source text or glossary: Honey]
39) Agni:
Agni is the fire or heat applied during various stages of traditional Ayurvedic preparation processes to transform raw materials into medicines [see source text or glossary: Agni].
40) Cow dung:
Cow dung cakes are used as a fuel source in traditional Ayurvedic preparations like Gandhaka Shodhana [see source text or glossary: Cow dung].
41) Pradhana-karma:
[see source text or glossary: Pradhana-karma]
42) Samdhibandhana (Sandhibandhana, Sandhi-bandhana, Samdhi-bandhana):
Sandhibandhana is the sealing and binding process using a cloth smeared with Multanimitti to seal the joints of apparatus like Damaruyantra [see source text or glossary: Sandhibandhana].
43) Damaruyantra (Damaru-yantra):
Damaruyantra is a specific type of apparatus used in the Urdhvapatana process to sublimate and purify Parada (mercury) [see source text or glossary: Damaruyantra].
44) Purvakarma (Purvakarman, Purva-karman):
[see source text or glossary: Purva-karma]
45) Substance:
[see source text or glossary: Substance]
46) Rasayana (Rasa-ayana):
[see source text or glossary: Rasayana]
47) Godugdha:
Godugdha refers to cow's milk, used here as a purifying medium in the Gandhaka Shodhana process [see source text or glossary: Godugdha].
48) Varitara:
Varitara is a test to confirm the readiness or quality of Kajjali by checking if the powder can float on water [see source text or glossary: Varitara].
49) Kalpana:
Kalpana in Rasa Shastra refers to the various pharmaceutical processes and formulations used to prepare Ayurvedic medicines [see source text or glossary: Kalpana].
50) Haridra:
Haridra, or turmeric, is used in the Shodhana process of Parada to absorb impurities and aid in purification [see source text or glossary: Haridra].
51) Nature:
[see source text or glossary: Nature]
52) Purva:
[see source text or glossary: Purva]
53) India:
India is mentioned as the location where authors and institutions involved in the research are based, including states like Punjab and Karnataka [see source text or glossary: India].
54) Glass:
Glass is related to Kachakupi, the glass bottle used in Kupipakva Rasayana preparations for heating and processing the medicinal compound [see source text or glossary: Glass].
55) Fire:
[see source text or glossary: Fire]
56) Pharmacological:
[see source text or glossary: Pharmacological]
57) Rasasindhura (Rasa-sindhura, Rasasimdhura):
[see source text or glossary: Rasasindhura]
58) Ashodhita (Asodhita):
[see source text or glossary: Ashodhita]
59) Mritpatra (Mrtpatra, Mrid-patra):
[see source text or glossary: Mritpatra]
60) Disease:
[see source text or glossary: Disease]
61) Vaidya:
[see source text or glossary: Vaidya]
62) Angula (Amgula):
[see source text or glossary: Angula]
63) Shrava (Srava):
[see source text or glossary: Shrava]
64) Grahya:
[see source text or glossary: Grahya]
65) Punjab:
Punjab is the Indian state where Guru Nanak Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital is located, one of the institutions involved in the study [see source text or glossary: Punjab].
66) Guru:
[see source text or glossary: Guru]
67) Paka:
[see source text or glossary: Paka]
68) Inci (Imci):
[see source text or glossary: Inch]
69) Soot:
[see source text or glossary: Soot]
70) Visheshashodhana (Visesasodhana, Vishesha-shodhana):
[see source text or glossary: Vishesha-shodhana]
71) Shuddhagandhaka (Suddhagandhaka, Shuddha-gandhaka):
Shuddha Gandhaka stands for purified sulfur, which is processed through Shodhana to be used in Ayurvedic formulations like Kajjali [see source text or glossary: Shuddhagandhaka].
72) Paschat-karma:
[see source text or glossary: Paschat-karma]
73) Urdhvapatana (Urdhva-patana):
Urdhvapatana is a purification process where Parada is heated and then collected as vapor, removing its impurities [see source text or glossary: Urdhvapatana].
74) Purification:
Purification generally refers to the Shodhana process, essential in Ayurveda to remove contaminants and augment the properties of ingredients [see source text or glossary: Purification].
75) Varitaratva:
Varitaratva refers to the ability of Kajjali to float on water, a test to check the completion of the trituration process [see source text or glossary: Varitaratva].
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 109]
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Pharmaceutical standardization of samaguna and shadaguna balijarita rasa sindura’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Mardana, Valukayantra, Rasachikitsa, Kachakupi, Elixir of life, Scientific basis, Physico-chemical analysis, Pharmaceutical Study, Shodhana process, Kajjali Preparation, Pharmaceutical standardization, Kupipakwa method, Classical reference, Therapeutic activities, Gandhaka Jarana, Temperature monitoring, Aims and objective.
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