Is stress a causative or precipitating factor for ACS in young patients?
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: Stress- is it a causative or precipitating factor for acute coronary syndrome in young patients?
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Sreyan Kumar Malini*
Department of Biochemistry,Assistant Director, Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Skin disorders, Vijayawada
D.R.S Sugitha
Department of Medicine, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai
C. Muralikrishna
Research Officer (Ay), Assistant Director, Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Skin disorders, Vijayawada
G.Babu
Assistant Director, Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Skin disorders, Vijayawada
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Stress- is it a causative or precipitating factor for acute coronary syndrome in young patients?
Year: 2017
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) represents a critical condition characterized by sudden cardiac ischemia, which can lead to myocardial infarction or unstable angina. Factors contributing to the incidence of ACS are varied, with extensive research indicating that psychological stressors significantly elevate the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), including myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. This study specifically investigates the role of stress in young adults under 40 years of age, who are increasingly experiencing ACS despite the absence of traditional risk factors.
Precipitating Factors: The Role of Stress
The study identifies stress as a crucial precipitating factor for ACS in both young and older patients. Using two assessment tools—Perceived Stress Scale and Life Event Stress Scale—participants were categorized based on their stress levels. Notably, among young patients, 67% were classified as experiencing moderate stress while 24% were classified as highly stressed. Comparatively, in older patients, 78% had moderate stress levels. Interestingly, while the differences were statistically insignificant, stress was linked to the onset of ACS, with 30% of young patients exhibiting no other significant risk factors for the condition.
Risk Factor Analysis
In examining the demographics of patients involved in the study, it was evident that there was a dominance of male participants (88%). The study further explored various risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, dyslipidemia, and obesity. While these risk factors were present among both groups, young patients generally displayed lower levels of these conditions relative to older controls. The findings indicate that stress emerges as a significant modifiable risk factor contributing to the development of adverse vascular events, particularly in the younger population, emphasizing the need to consider emotional wellbeing as part of cardiovascular risk assessments.
Conclusion
The study concludes that stress predominantly acts as a precipitating factor for ACS rather than a direct causative agent. Additionally, it highlights an imbalance in gender representation within the ACS demographic, alongside varying distributions of risk factors associated with stress levels. This research underlines the importance of identifying and managing stress in young individuals to potentially mitigate the risk of ACS, suggesting that mental health considerations should be integrated alongside traditional cardiovascular risk assessments for effective preventive strategies.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main aim of the study regarding stress and ACS?
The study aims to evaluate the association between stress and Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) in young adults, particularly those under 40 years, identifying how stress serves as a precipitating or causative factor for ACS.
What stress assessment tools were used in the study?
Participants were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale and Life Event Stress Scale. These questionnaires evaluated their stress levels, categorizing them into mild, moderate, and severe stress based on their scores.
What were the key findings regarding stress levels in patients?
In young patients, 67% experienced moderate stress and 24% severe stress. In older patients, the corresponding figures were 78% and 20%, indicating significant stress levels in both groups related to the development of ACS.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Is stress a causative or precipitating factor for ACS in young patients?”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Pain:
Pain is discussed as a symptom related to acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients. Symptoms like chest pain or pain in the shoulder, jaw, or other areas are indicative of potential cardiac issues that are relevant to coronary artery disease, as highlighted in the research study.
2) Depression:
Depression is mentioned as a psychological stressor that increases the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) events, including myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. The study discusses the association between depressive symptoms, clinical depression, and the onset of ACS.
3) Disease:
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is identified as a sudden cardiac ischemia and a key disease of focus in the study. It involves conditions such as myocardial infarction (STEMI and NSTEMI) and unstable angina, which are heavily influenced by factors like stress.
4) Malini:
Dr. Sreyan Kumar Malini is one of the authors of the study. Malini is a Research Officer (Biochemistry) at the Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Skin Disorders, Vijayawada. The correspondence for the study is addressed to Dr. Malini.
5) Family:
Family history is highlighted as a significant risk factor for ACS, particularly in females. The study analyzes how family history, among other factors, is distributed among different genders in the context of acute coronary syndrome.
6) Kumar:
Sreyan Kumar Malini, referred to as Kumar in the context of the author’s full name, contributed to the research paper on stress and its role in causing or precipitating acute coronary syndrome in young patients. Kumar is based at the Regional Ayurveda Research Institute in Vijayawada.
7) Anger (Angry):
Anger is identified as a mental activity that can trigger acute myocardial infarction. The study mentions that increased anger and hostility are linked with platelet adhesion and can exacerbate cardiovascular conditions, contributing to the risk of ACS.
8) Vijayawada (Vijayavada, Vijaya-vada):
Vijayawada is the location of the Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Skin Disorders, where Dr. Sreyan Kumar Malini, an author of the study, works. The city serves as one of the research bases for the study on stress and ACS.
9) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is referenced in the affiliation of the authors, specifically the Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Skin Disorders, Vijayawada, where some of the study's researchers, including Dr. Sreyan Kumar Malini, are based.
10) Death:
Death is discussed as both a precipitating event (e.g., death of a spouse) that can trigger ACS due to increased stress and as an outcome of severe cardiovascular events. The study mentions cases where spousal death led to ACS within a month.
11) Mental health:
Mental health is closely linked to the study's focus on stress and its impact on acute coronary syndrome. The text discusses how psychological factors like stress, depression, and mental activities such as anger and sadness can precipitate or cause ACS.
12) Discussion:
The Discussion section of the study elaborates on the findings related to stress as a modifiable risk factor for ACS. It examines how stress contributes to adverse vascular events, especially among young patients, comparing their risk factors with those of older subjects.
13) Medicine:
Medicine is referenced in the context of the Department of Medicine at Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, where co-author D.R.S Sugitha is based. The study integrates medical perspectives on stress and cardiovascular health.
14) Chennai:
Chennai is the location of Apollo Hospitals, where co-author D.R.S Sugitha from the study works in the Department of Medicine. It is one of the medical centers involved in the research on stress and ACS.
15) India:
India is the country where the research was conducted. The study highlights the limited number of studies on stress and ACS risk factors among young patients in developing countries like India, emphasizing the need for more localized research.
16) Ayus (Ayush):
[see source text or glossary: Ayush]
17) Fever:
Fever is discussed in the context of proinflammatory cytokines, which can generate sickness behavior symptoms like fatigue and malaise, potentially affecting mental health and contributing to the conditions examined in the study.
18) Babu:
G. Babu is one of the authors of the study and holds the position of Assistant Director at the Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Skin Disorders, Vijayawada. Babu contributed to the research on the relationship between stress and ACS in young patients.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Is stress a causative or precipitating factor for ACS in young patients?’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Causative factor, Young patient, Statistical analysis, Atherosclerosis, Mental stress, Perceived Stress Scale, Stress Level, Self-reported questionnaire, Coronary artery disease, Risk factor, Acute coronary syndrome, Demographic detail, Psychological stressor, Precipitating factor, Subjective measure.