A comprehensive study of ashmari in brihattrayi
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: A comprehensive study of ashmari in brihattrayi
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
*Bishnu Kumar
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Shalya, R K Ayurvedic Medical College, Azamgarh, UP.
Jyoti Singh
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Pharmacologey, Ashoka Institute of Technology and Management, Varanasi, UP
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: A comprehensive study of ashmari in brihattrayi
Year: 2017
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The article presents a comprehensive study of Ashmari (urinary calculi) as described in ancient Ayurvedic texts, particularly the Brihattrayi—comprising the Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, and Astanga Hridaya. It highlights the significance of urological problems in Ayurveda, detailing both medicinal and surgical treatments. The authors insist on the need to correlate classical Ayurvedic knowledge with modern urological practices, focusing on the classification, symptoms, etiological factors, and management of Ashmari disorders. Through a detailed review, it aims to provide a deeper understanding of Ashmari, a prevalent condition that poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
Ayurvedic Approach to Ashmari
The Ayurvedic perspective of Ashmari classifies it primarily based on the involvement of the three doshas: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Each type of Ashmari exhibits distinct symptoms and treatment protocols. Vataja Ashmari is characterized by intermittent colicky pain due to moving calculi, while Pittaja Ashmari is associated with hyper-concentration of fluids, resulting in inflammation and hematuria. Kaphaja Ashmari tends to manifest as a dull pain, typically due to larger stones. The article emphasizes the role of Kapha dosha in the formation of Ashmari, where its vitiation leads to the aggregation of urinary components, causing stone formation. The correlation of these Ayurvedic classifications with modern stone types, such as calcium oxalate and uric acid stones, demonstrates the enduring relevance of ancient wisdom in contemporary medical contexts.
Surgical and Medicinal Management
The treatment of Ashmari is multifaceted, incorporating surgical as well as medicinal approaches. In the initial stages, Aushadha Chikitsa (herbal treatment) can effectively manage newly formed stones. However, advanced cases often necessitate surgical intervention, underlining the serious nature of the condition—described in the texts as fatal if untreated. The article references Sushruta's detailed surgical procedures, emphasizing pre-operative, operative, and post-operative care. Moreover, it advocates for Basti therapy for managing bladder stones, highlighting Ayurvedic techniques that remain valuable in addressing modern urological issues.
Conclusion
The study underscores the rich heritage of Ayurvedic medicine in understanding and treating urological disorders like Ashmari. It effectively correlates ancient concepts with modern medical practices, thereby broadening the scope of knowledge available for contemporary urologists. The compilation of information on Ashmari's classification, symptoms, and treatment from classical texts serves as a crucial resource in bridging the gap between ancient and modern medical systems. By acknowledging the contributions of Ayurvedic practitioners in this field, the study fosters a greater appreciation for the time-tested wisdom embedded within traditional medical practices.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Ashmari and its significance in Ayurvedic texts?
Ashmari, meaning stone, refers to urinary calculi. It is a significant topic in Ayurvedic texts like Sushruta Samhita, detailing various aspects including classification, etiology, pathology, and treatment options utilizing both medicinal and surgical approaches.
How is Ashmari diagnosed in modern practice compared to ancient times?
In ancient times, Ashmari was diagnosed based on clinical features. Modern diagnosis relies on advanced imaging techniques, enhancing the capability to determine the condition's specifics such as site, size, and number of stones.
What treatment options are available for Ashmari in Ayurveda?
Ayurvedic treatment for Ashmari includes Aushadha Chikitsa (medicinal therapy), Basti Chikitsa (enema therapy), Kshara Chikitsa (alkaline therapy), and Shastra Chikitsa (surgery) for effective management depending on the stone's size and severity of the condition.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “A comprehensive study of ashmari in brihattrayi”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Ashmari (Asmari):
Ashmari is a term in Ayurveda that refers to urinary calculi or stones. It is one of the most common and distressing diseases in the group of urinary disorders. [Ashmari]
2) Pain:
Pain is a prominent feature of Ashmari, indicating the distress and discomfort experienced by the patient due to urinary stones. [Pain]
3) Basti:
Basti is one of the vital organs in the body, and it plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating the excretion of metabolites and waste products. [Basti]
4) Disease:
Ashmari is considered a severe disease (Yamaraja), treatable by medicines in early stages, requiring surgical interventions in more advanced cases. [Disease]
5) Kapha:
Kapha dosha is implicated in the formation of Ashmari; it plays a crucial role in the precipitation of urinary calculi. [Kapha]
6) Mutra:
Mutra refers to urine. The formation and symptoms of Ashmari, such as pain and difficulty in urination, are linked with the urinary system (Mutravahasrotas). [Mutra]
7) Vata:
Vata dosha, particularly Apana Vayu, is involved in the pathology of Ashmari by causing dryness and leading to stone formation. [Vata]
8) Lakshana (Laksana):
Lakshana refers to the symptoms or clinical features of a disease. Various Lakshanas are used to diagnose Ashmari. [Lakshana]
9) Samhita:
Samhita refers to the classical Ayurvedic texts. Ashmari is elaborately described in treatises such as Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita. [Samhita]
10) Nidana:
Nidana refers to the etiological factors or causes of a disease. The Nidanas for Ashmari are listed in classical Ayurvedic texts. [Nidana]
11) Vedana:
Vedana refers to pain or sensation. Symptoms of Ashmari include severe Vedana in the urinary system. [Vedana]
12) Sthana:
Sthana refers to a location or site. In Ashmari, specific Sthanas like the urinary system (Mutramarga) are mentioned. [Sthana]
13) Dosha (Dosa):
Dosha refers to the bio-energetic forces in Ayurveda. The three Doshas—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha—are implicated in the formation and progression of Ashmari. [Dosha]
14) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is an ancient system of medicine that provides comprehensive approaches, including dietary and surgical interventions for conditions like Ashmari. [Ayurveda]
15) Pittaja (Pitta-ja):
Pittaja refers to conditions related to the Pitta dosha. Pittaja Ashmari is one subtype of urinary stones characterized by certain symptoms like burning and yellowish urine. [Pittaja]
16) Vataja (Vata-ja):
Vataja Ashmari is associated with the Vata dosha and is characterized by symptoms like severe, intermittent colicky pain. [Vataja]
17) Kumar:
Bishnu Kumar is one of the authors of the study providing comprehensive details on Ashmari. [Kumar]
18) Blood:
Blood, or Raktaja, may be seen in the urine in conditions like Ashmari, especially when complications arise. [Blood]
20) Vayu:
Vayu, particularly Apana Vayu, is involved in the pathology of Ashmari, affecting the movement and function of the urinary system. [Vayu]
21) Sushruta-samhita (Susruta-samhita):
Sushruta Samhita is one of the principal Ayurvedic texts that provides extensive details on Ashmari, including its diagnosis and treatment. [Sushruta-samhita]
22) Kaphaja:
Kaphaja Ashmari is a type of urinary stone associated with the Kapha dosha, characterized by white color and typically large size. [Kaphaja]
23) Ghrita (Ghrta):
Ghrita or clarified butter is used in Ayurvedic treatment for Ashmari to help in softening and possibly expelling the stones. [Ghrita]
24) Kshara (Ksara):
Kshara refers to alkaline substances used in Ayurvedic medicine to treat Ashmari by dissolving the stone. [Kshara]
25) India:
India is the origin of Ayurvedic medicine, where classical texts like Sushruta Samhita detail the diagnosis and treatment of diseases like Ashmari. [India]
26) Samprapti:
Samprapti describes the pathogenesis or the process of disease formation. In the case of Ashmari, it involves the doshas leading to stone formation. [Samprapti]
27) Shastra (Sastra):
Shastra refers to surgical instruments or procedures. Shastra Chikitsa is surgical treatment for Ashmari, applied when other treatments fail. [Shastra]
28) Pitta:
Pitta dosha is among the Tridoshas involved in bodily functions and diseases. In Ashmari, an imbalance can lead to conditions like Pittaja Ashmari. [Pitta]
29) Nabhi:
Nabhi, or navel area, may be affected by pain in cases of Ashmari, indicating the stone's impact on the surrounding anatomy. [Nabhi]
30) Ahara:
Ahara refers to food. Dietary factors (Ahara) can contribute to the formation of Ashmari, as certain foods aggravate the conditions leading to stone formation. [Ahara]
31) Mala:
Mala refers to waste products in the body. Ashmari involves the Dosha, Dhatu, and Mala, particularly related to improper excretion in the urinary system. [Mala]
32) Daha:
Daha refers to burning sensations, a symptom often associated with Pittaja Ashmari due to the involvement of Pitta dosha. [Daha]
33) Discussion:
The study discusses how ancient texts like Sushruta Samhita meticulously describe Ashmari, comparing traditional treatments with modern medical approaches. [Discussion]
34) Substance:
Substances like Kshara are used in the Ayurvedic treatment of Ashmari to dissolve urinary calculi. [Substance]
35) Upadrava:
Upadrava refers to complications. In Ashmari, complications can include obstruction, infection, and in severe cases, squamous carcinoma. [Upadrava]
36) Medicine:
Ayurvedic medicine involves Aushadha Chikitsa for treating Ashmari, particularly in its early stages. [Medicine]
37) Hridaya (Hrdaya):
Hridaya is one of the three vital organs, alongside Basti and Nabhi, important for the body's physiology, often mentioned in Ayurveda. [Hridaya]
38) Asman (Ashman):
[see source text or glossary: Ashman]
39) Karma (Karman):
Karma in this context refers to procedures or actions. Different types of Karma, like Shastra Karma, are employed in the treatment of Ashmari. [Karma]
40) Tree:
Certain trees' latex is used in Ayurvedic treatments for Ashmari, particularly for post-operative care to prevent internal bleeding. [Tree]
41) Kaphadosha (Kaphadosa, Kapha-dosha):
Kapha dosha is the primary Dosha implicated in the formation of Ashmari, aiding in the stone's precipitation and growth. [Kapha-dosha]
42) Apanavayu (Apana-vayu):
Apana Vayu, a subtype of Vata, is crucial for the proper functioning of the urinary system and is involved in the pathology of Ashmari. [Apanavayu]
43) Tridoshaja (Tridosaja):
Tridoshaja refers to something involving all three Doshas. Ashmari is a Tridoshaja condition, implicating Vata, Pitta, and Kapha in its formation. [Tridoshaja]
44) Purvarupa (Purva-rupa):
Purvarupa refers to the initial symptoms or premonitory signs of a disease. Various Purvarupa of Ashmari are documented to aid in early diagnosis. [Purvarupa]
45) Vagbhata:
Vagbhata is one of the key Ayurvedic scholars who has elaborately described Ashmari in texts like Astanga Hridaya. [Vagbhata]
46) Aushadha (Ausadha):
Aushadha refers to medicinal treatment. Early stages of Ashmari can be handled effectively with Aushadha Chikitsa. [Aushadha]
47) Tridosha (Tridosa, Tri-dosha):
Tridosha theory in Ayurveda involves Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. The balance or imbalance of these Doshas is central to health and disease, including Ashmari. [Tridosha]
48) Shoshana (Sosana):
Shoshana refers to drying up. In Ashmari, deranged Apana Vayu leads to the Shoshana of urine, contributing to stone formation. [Shoshana]
49) Avarodha:
Avarodha refers to obstruction. In the pathology of Ashmari, Avarodha in the urinary system is a common issue leading to symptoms. [Avarodha]
50) Samanya:
Samanya refers to common features or general symptoms. Samanya Lakshanas of Ashmari include difficulty in voiding and pain in the supra-pubic region. [Samanya]
51) Snigdha:
Snigdha refers to unctuous or oily properties. Ayurvedic treatments for Ashmari may involve Snigdha substances like Ghrita for lubrication and healing. [Snigdha]
52) Apathya:
Apathya refers to unsuitable diets or activities. Indulgence in Apathya is a Vyanjaka Nidana, precipitating Ashmari. [Apathya]
53) Ashtanga (Astanga, Ashtan-anga):
Astanga refers to the eight branches of Ayurveda. Texts like Astanga Hridaya by Vagbhata elaborate on diseases like Ashmari. [Astanga]
54) Madhuka:
Madhuka is an herbal substance used in Ayurvedic preparations for treating wounds post-Ashmari surgery. [Madhuka]
55) Haridra:
Haridra, or turmeric, is used in Ayurvedic post-surgical care to treat wounds and prevent infection after Ashmari removal. [Haridra]
56) Jaggery:
Jaggery is recommended post-surgery in Ayurveda to purify the urinary tract and provide nutrition for recovery from Ashmari. [Jaggery]
57) Sevana:
Sevana refers to the intake or consumption. Proper Ahara and Vihara Sevana play a role in preventing and managing Ashmari. [Sevana]
58) Vyadhin (Vyadhi):
Vyadhi refers to disease. Ashmari is a Vyadhi affecting the urinary system, detailed in classical Ayurvedic texts. [Vyadhi]
59) Indian:
Ayurvedic medicine, which provides extensive treatment options for Ashmari, has its roots in ancient Indian medical traditions. [Indian]
60) Madhu:
Madhu, or honey, is used in Ayurvedic formulations and post-operative care for healing and detoxification in Ashmari treatment. [Madhu]
61) Kleda:
Kleda refers to moisture or fluid content in the body. Vitiated Kapha and improper elimination of Kleda contribute to Ashmari. [Kleda]
62) Apana:
Apana refers to downward-moving energy or Vayu. Proper function of Apana Vayu is crucial in preventing urinary disorders like Ashmari. [Apana]
63) Varna:
Varna refers to color. The different types of Ashmari (e.g., Vatashmari, Pittashmari, Kaphashmari) have distinct Varnas, aiding in diagnosis. [Varna]
64) Death:
Ashmari is compared to death (Yamaraja) due to its severe nature. If left untreated, it can cause life-threatening complications. [Death]
65) Pida (Pida°):
Peeda, or pain, is a primary symptom of Ashmari, particularly in the bladder or supra-pubic region. [Peeda]
66) Rati:
[see source text or glossary: Raati]
67) Roga:
Roga refers to disease. Mutrasmari (urinary stones) is a significant Roga detailed extensively in Ayurvedic texts. [Roga]
68) Guda:
Guda, or the rectal area, may experience pain and other symptoms in cases of Ashmari due to its proximity to the bladder. [Guda]
69) Sama (Shama):
Sama refers to equilibrium. Treatments aim to restore the Sama state of Doshas to alleviate symptoms of Ashmari. [Sama]
70) Milk:
Milk is recommended in post-operative care for Ashmari to help in wound healing and recovery. [Milk]
71) Drug:
Medicines or drugs (Aushadha) play a crucial role in managing early stages of Ashmari, aiming to dissolve or expel the stone. [Drug]
72) Tuni:
[see source text or glossary: Tuni]
73) Burning sensation:
Burning sensation, often due to Pittaja Ashmari, is a common symptom characterized by pain and discomfort in the urinary tract. [Burning sensation]
74) Arishtalakshana (Arishta-lakshana, Aristalaksana):
Arishta Lakshanas are ominous signs indicating severe, often life-threatening complications of a disease like Ashmari. [Arishta-lakshana]
75) Sarudhiramutra (Sarudhira-mutra):
Sarudhira Mutra describes a condition where urine is mixed with blood, a possible complication of Ashmari. [Sarudhira-mutra]
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 175]
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘A comprehensive study of ashmari in brihattrayi’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Shastrachikitsa, Kaphadosha, Surgical treatment, Tridosha theory, Clinical feature, Comprehensive study, Clinical diagnosis, Etiological factor, Basti therapy, Ayurvedic approach, Upadrava complications, Ayurvedic text, Surgical Procedure, Vitiated Apana Vayu, Mootravahasrotas, Ashmari Classification, Aushadha chikitsa, Urinary disorder, Urinary calculus disease.