Study of chedana karma in surgical practice
Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: Study of chedana karma in surgical practice
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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*Varghese Jibi T
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Kayachikitsa, Dr D.Y Patil College of Ayurveda, Pimpri, Pune.
Chitanya Shah
Associate Professor, Dept. of Shalya Tantra, Dr D.Y Patil College of Ayurveda, Pimpri, Pune.
Rupesh Wagh
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Shalyatantra, Ashwin Rural Ayurved College, Manchi Hill, India.
Mayur Shiralkar
Associate Professor, Dept. of Shalakyatantra, Dr D.Y Patil College of Ayurveda, Pimpri, Pune.
Vishal Tamhane
Associate professor, Dept. of Shalyatantra, SMBT Ayurved Medical College, Nandi Hills, Igatpuri, Nasik.
Ayushdhara:
(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)
Full text available for: Study of chedana karma in surgical practice
Year: 2015
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The article discusses the concept of Chedana Karma, a fundamental surgical procedure in Ayurveda that involves excision or cutting away of diseased tissues. This study aims to explore the principles of Chedana Karma and its relevance in modern surgical practices, drawing comparisons with contemporary excisional techniques. The authors emphasize the importance of understanding classical Ayurvedic principles outlined by historical figures like Sushruta, who is recognized as the father of Indian surgery. Through this investigation, the study seeks to validate Ayurvedic concepts within the framework of modern surgical methodologies.
Chedana Karma: Synonymous with Excision
One significant takeaway from the study is that the term Chedana in Ayurvedic texts is equivalent to “excision” as used in modern surgery. This correlation highlights that both terms denote the surgical removal of abnormal or diseased tissue. The authors indicate that all surgical procedures can essentially be categorized under eight main categories of surgical techniques in Ayurveda, among which Chedana Karma is pivotal. They suggest that various surgical diseases, which may not have been explicitly listed in classical texts, align with the features identified for Chedana Karma, thereby extending its relevance to modern conditions like appendicitis and cholecystitis. The features of Apaka, Kathinya, Sthirata, and Kotha serve as the main criteria to determine the appropriateness for undertaking Chedana Karma.
Updating Indications of Chedana Karma
The study also highlights the necessity of updating and modifying the list of Chedya Rogas or conditions eligible for Chedana Karma based on current clinical presentation. It discusses how Sushruta's classical descriptions provide a framework for identifying surgical candidates. By analyzing various surgical conditions, the research finds that no case in the study lacked any of the mentioned features for Chedana Karma. They argue that contemporary surgical practices, such as laparoscopic procedures, can also be viewed through the lens of Sushruta’s classifications, reinforcing the timeless nature of these principles. This binary approach, equating ancient insights with modern techniques, aims to bridge the gap between traditional Ayurvedic surgery and current medical frameworks.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the study establishes that principles of Chedana Karma are not only applicable but also significant in modern surgical practices. It affirms that the definitions of Chedana and excision are synonymous, enabling the application of Ayurvedic surgical logic to contemporary medical procedures. By confirming the relevance of classical signs such as Apaka, Kathinya, Sthirata, and Kotha in determining surgical interventions, this research advocates for a continued integration of Ayurvedic concepts into modern surgery. Overall, the findings suggest that Ayurveda has a reputable foundation that can coexistably inform present-day surgical practices, maintaining a commitment to its original principles while adapting to new advancements.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Chedana Karma in Ayurvedic surgical practice?
Chedana Karma refers to surgical excision, involving cutting or dissecting a part of the body. It is a core procedure in Ayurvedic surgery, where it is classified under Ashtavidha Shastra Karmas, aiming to treat various conditions based on specific clinical features.
How does Chedana Karma relate to modern surgical practices?
Chedana Karma and modern excisional procedures share similar principles. Both involve removing unhealthy tissue or growths, indicating conditions such as Apaka, Kathinya, Sthirata, and Kotha. The surgical techniques and tools in both practices exhibit notable similarities as well.
What are the key indications for performing Chedana Karma?
The key indications for performing Chedana Karma include the presence of clinical features such as Apaka (non-viable tissue), Kathinya (hardness), Sthirata (stability), and Kotha (swelling). More features present indicate a stronger necessity for excision, emphasizing careful evaluation before surgery.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Study of chedana karma in surgical practice”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Chedana:
Chedana refers to the procedure of excision or surgical removal of a part of the body, as indicated in ancient Ayurvedic texts for conditions exhibiting features such as Apaka, Sthirata, Kathinya, and Kotha.
2) Karma (Karman):
Karma in this context is the action or procedure involved in the surgical practice according to Ayurveda. 'Chedana Karma' specifically involves the surgical removal or excision.
3) Sthirata:
Sthirata denotes a condition where a growth or part of the body remains firm and unyielding, which is one of the indications for performing Chedana Karma.
4) Disease:
Disease in this article represents various conditions that are considered for surgical excision (Chedana Karma) based on Ayurvedic principles.
5) Discussion:
Discussion in the text involves the detailed analysis and comparison of ancient Ayurvedic surgical principles with contemporary surgical practice for various diseases.
6) Kathinya:
Kathinya refers to the hardness of a growth or tissue, indicating one of the conditions necessitating Chedana Karma in surgical practice.
7) Kotha:
Kotha describes the putrefaction or gangrenous condition of a tissue, which is a primary indication for performing Chedana Karma according to Ayurvedic texts.
8) Apaka:
Apaka refers to an unripe or non-suppurative state of a disease or swelling, one of the conditions where Chedana Karma is indicated.
9) Chedya:
Chedya pertains to the diseases or conditions listed as suitable for Chedana Karma, according to Ayurvedic principles.
10) Bhagandara (Bhagamdara):
Bhagandara is described as a condition similar to fistula-in-ano, and Sushruta specifies it as treatable by Chedana Karma once the inflammation has subsided.
11) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is the ancient Indian system of medicine that encompasses various surgical practices, including Chedana Karma, for treating diseases.
12) Vishaya (Visaya):
Vishaya refers to the subject or domain of study in Ayurveda, particularly in the context of indicating diseases that are suitable for Chedana Karma.
13) Shastra (Sastra):
Shastra denotes surgical instruments and procedures described in Ayurvedic texts for performing surgeries like Chedana Karma.
14) Arbuda:
Arbuda in Ayurveda refers to a type of tumor, and its treatment often involves Chedana Karma to prevent recurrence and further complications.
15) Arshas (Arsa, Arsas, Arsha):
Arshas are piles or hemorrhoids in Ayurveda, treated with Chedana Karma when conservative treatments fail.
16) Roga:
Roga is the general term for disease in Ayurveda, with certain types of rogas being specifically mentioned for Chedana Karma.
17) Inflammation:
Inflammation includes conditions where tissue becomes swollen and red due to infection or irritation, often a stage preceding Chedana Karma.
18) Granthi (Gramthi):
Granthi refers to cysts or lumps that are treated through Chedana Karma when they do not resolve with medicinal or para-surgical treatments.
19) Knowledge:
Knowledge in this context refers to the understanding and application of Ayurvedic surgical principles, like Chedana Karma, in contemporary practice.
20) Snayu:
[see source text or glossary: Snayu]
21) Sira (Shira):
[see source text or glossary: Sira]
22) Swelling:
Swelling in the document relates to conditions that might necessitate Chedana Karma, where the tissue is enlarged or inflamed.
23) Samhita:
[see source text or glossary: Samhita]
24) Stana:
Stana describes the breast in Ayurvedic texts, where tumors or growths might be treated using Chedana Karma.
25) Patil:
Patil refers to Dr. D.Y Patil College of Ayurveda, an institution mentioned in the text where the authors are affiliated.
26) Paka:
Paka in Ayurveda is the stage of suppuration or ripening of an abscess or inflammation, indicating a stage where Chedana Karma might not be applicable.[see source text or glossary: Paka]
27) Pune:
Pune is the location of Dr. D.Y Patil College of Ayurveda, one of the institutions where the study was conducted.
28) Sushruta-samhita (Susruta-samhita):
[see source text or glossary: Sushruta-samhita]
29) Shalyatantra (Salyatantra, Shalya-tantra, Shalyatamtra):
[see source text or glossary: Shalyatantra]
30) Manibandha (Mani-bandha, Manibamdha):
Manibandha refers to the wrist in Ayurvedic texts, indicated for amputation in certain types of injuries or diseases.
31) Ashtavidha (Astavidha, Ashtan-vidha):
[see source text or glossary: Astavidha]
32) Ashtanga (Astanga, Ashtan-anga):
[see source text or glossary: Ashtanga]
33) Vomiting:
Vomiting is one of the complications that Ayurveda recommends avoiding by keeping patients nil by mouth before certain surgeries like those for Udara-roga or Mukharoga.
34) Kshipra (Ksipra):
[see source text or glossary: Kshipra]
35) Tantra (Tamtra, Tantrism):
[see source text or glossary: Tantra]
36) Shopha (Sopha):
[see source text or glossary: Shopha]
37) Brihat (Brhat):
[see source text or glossary: Brihat]
38) Shalya (Salya):
[see source text or glossary: Shalya]
39) Pidika:
[see source text or glossary: Pidika]
40) Nausea:
Nausea is another pre-operative complication Ayurveda seeks to avoid by keeping patients nil by mouth, similar to modern pre-surgical practices.
41) Nature:
Nature in the text refers to the intrinsic characteristics or symptoms of diseases that dictate the use of Chedana Karma.
42) Trayi:
Trayee refers to the three main classical texts of Ayurveda (Brihat-trayees), which are fundamental in discussing practices like Chedana Karma.
43) Mukha:
[see source text or glossary: Mukha]
44) India:
India is the country where the described Ayurvedic practices and the institutions mentioned, including Dr. Patil College, are located.
45) Operative treatment:
Operative treatment refers to surgical interventions such as Chedana Karma employed in Ayurveda for managing various diseases.
46) Ashtangasamgraha (Astangasamgraha, Astangasangraha, Ashtanga-samgraha, Ashtanga-sangraha, Ashtangasangraha):
[see source text or glossary: Ashtanga-sangraha]
47) Shalakyatantra (Salakyatantra, Shalakya-tantra, Shalakyatamtra):
[see source text or glossary: Shalakyatantra]
48) Sarvatobhadra (Sarvatas-bhadra):
Sarvatobhadra is a term used to describe a circular shape, relevant in the context of making incisions or wounds in Ayurvedic surgical practice.
49) Kshudraroga (Kshudra-roga, Ksudraroga):
[see source text or glossary: Kshudra-roga]
50) Galashundika (Galasundika, Gala-shundika):
[see source text or glossary: Galashundika]
51) Mandalakara (Mandala-kara):
Mandalakara is used to describe a circular shape, particularly for incisions or surgical wounds in Ayurvedic practice.(+[see source text or glossary: Mandalakara])
52) Chinnavrana (Chinna-vrana):
[see source text or glossary: Chinnavrana]
53) Mukharoga (Mukha-roga):
[see source text or glossary: Mukharoga]
54) Salivation:
Salivation is excessive production of saliva, listed as one of the possible complications if incorrect excision techniques are used in conditions like Galashundika.
55) Langalaka:
Langalaka describes a T-shaped incision or wound, used to guide surgical cuts in Ayurveda.
56) Vankshana (Vanksana, Vakshana, Vaksana, Vamkshana):
Vankshana refers to the groin area, another region where specific types of incisions are recommended in Ayurvedic surgery.
57) Upadamsha (Upadamsa):
Upadamsha in Ayurveda refers to penile ulcers or diseases, often treated with Chedana Karma.
58) Udararoga (Udara-roga):
Udararoga refers to abdominal diseases in Ayurveda, conditions for which keeping the patient nil by mouth is advised prior to surgery.
59) Adhimamsa:
[see source text or glossary: Adhimamsa]
60) Palm-leaf:
Palm-leaf is used metaphorically to describe certain shapes of surgical incisions in Ayurveda, particularly in the context of fistula management.
61) Akshiputa (Aksiputa):
[see source text or glossary: Akshiputa]
62) Vagbhata:
Vagbhata is one of the classical authors in Ayurveda who, along with Charaka and Sushruta, has provided guidelines on surgical procedures including Chedana Karma.
63) Toxicity:
Toxicity is a condition linked to thyroid, among others, that justifies excision of the affected part, aligning with Chedana Karma's principle.
64) Samghata (Sanghata):
[see source text or glossary: Samghata]
65) Bheshaja (Bhesaja):
[see source text or glossary: Bheshaja]
66) Samgraha (Sangraha):
[see source text or glossary: Sangraha]
67) Kshudra (Ksudra):
[see source text or glossary: Kshudra]
68) Valmika:
[see source text or glossary: Valmika]
69) Jalauka:
[see source text or glossary: Jalauka]
70) Ashmari (Asmari):
[see source text or glossary: Ashmari]
71) Chandra:
Chandra typically refers to crescent shapes in incisions, significant in Ayurvedic surgery for ensuring proper wound healing.
72) Raktaja:
[see source text or glossary: Raktaja]
73) Pittaja (Pitta-ja):
[see source text or glossary: Pittaja]
74) Shankha (Sankha, Samkha, Shamkha):
[see source text or glossary: Shankha]
75) Yantra (Yamtra):
[see source text or glossary: Yantra]
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 112]
Other Science Concepts:
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