Karya-karana vada: case-control study on lavanarasa atiyoga

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Journal name: Ayushdhara
Original article title: Application of karya-karana vada: a case-control study regarding lavanarasa atiyoga
AYUSHDHARA is an international peer-reviewed journal. It focuses on research in Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, Allopathy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Author(s):

Todkari Dinesh Prakash
Lecturer, Department of Samhita Siddhant, Dhanwantari Ayurveda Medical College, Udgir, Maharashtra, India.


Ayushdhara:

(A peer-reviewed, bi-monthly open-access journal)

Full text available for: Application of karya-karana vada: a case-control study regarding lavanarasa atiyoga

Year: 2015

Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA 4.0


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

The study conducted by Todkari Dinesh Prakash investigates the relationship between excessive intake of Lavanarasa (salty taste) and various health symptoms, particularly through the lens of Karya-Karana Vada, which describes the concept of cause and effect in Ayurveda. The research highlights that while the consumption of salty taste food is prevalent due to its palatability, its overuse may lead to various health complications, including hypertension and skin issues. The case-control study involved 182 volunteers, comparing those exhibiting symptoms related to high salty diet consumption with healthy individuals to understand the impact of Lavanarasa Atiyoga (excessive salty intake).

Salty Taste and Hypertension

One of the significant findings of the study is the strong association between excessive salty taste consumption and hypertension. The odds ratio calculated for hypertension was 4.03, indicating that individuals with high intake of salty food are at a significantly higher risk of developing this condition. The study connects dietary habits with health outcomes, suggesting that increased dietary salt elevates blood pressure, as supported by animal studies demonstrating a clear link between high sodium intake and hypertension across various species. This highlights the need for awareness regarding dietary salt consumption, especially among populations that frequently consume fast foods and snacks high in sodium.

Impact on Aging and Skin Condition

Another notable aspect of the research reveals how excessive consumption of Lavanarasa correlates with skin conditions, particularly wrinkles and greying hair. The study found that as individuals age, the likelihood of experiencing symptoms related to salty diet consumption increases, with odds ratios ranging from 1.60 to 1.86 across different age groups. Increased intake of salty foods was associated with skin wrinkles and hair greying, suggesting that dietary choices can substantially affect the aging process and skin health. While the data showed moderate associations for these outcomes, the evidence underscores the importance of balanced dietary habits for maintaining skin integrity as one ages.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the study reinforces traditional Ayurvedic beliefs regarding the repercussions of excessive salty taste consumption, particularly highlighting its risks for hypertension, hair loss, wrinkles, and other symptoms. The association of these health issues with increased age suggests a diminishing palatability for salty foods as individuals grow older. Overall, the findings advocate for further research on the impacts of dietary habits on health, particularly how seasonal and regional variations in Lavanarasa intake might influence health outcomes. This study emphasizes the importance of moderating salt consumption for better health and well-being.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is the aim of the case-control study regarding Lavanarasa?

The study aims to evaluate the relationship between excessive consumption of Lavanarasa (salty taste) and symptoms such as hypertension, wrinkles, and hair greying, comparing those with these symptoms to healthy controls.

What were the key findings related to hypertension?

The study found a strong association between excess intake of Lavanarasa and hypertension, with an odds ratio of 4.03, indicating that individuals consuming salty diets are significantly more likely to develop hypertension.

How does Lavanarasa affect other symptoms like hair fall?

The study showed a moderate association between the excess consumption of salty diet and hair fall, with an odds ratio of 2.59, suggesting a possible link though further research is needed to establish causality.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Karya-karana vada: case-control study on lavanarasa atiyoga”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Salt (Salty):
Salt, or Lavana, when consumed excessively, can impact health adversely. Ayurveda's detailed study on Lavana rasas highlights potential risks including hypertension and hair fall.

2) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa denotes taste in Ayurveda and encompasses the six primary tastes: sweet, sour, salty (Lavana), pungent, bitter, and astringent. Each rasa impacts health differently, and balanced intake of all rasas is advised.

3) Lavana:
Lavana is the term for 'salty' in Ayurveda. It is one of the six tastes (rasas) and is key in flavoring food. Overuse or 'Atiyoga' of Lavana can lead to health issues like hypertension and hair fall.

4) Lavanarasa (Lavana-rasa):
Lavanarasa means salty taste. Excess intake of foods rich in Lavanarasa can cause health issues like hypertension, eczema, and joint inflammation.

5) Food:
Food chronicling in this study includes salty items like cheese, chips, pickles, and milk. Overconsumption of Lavana rasa foods can lead to imbalance and health issues.

6) Hair:
Hair health is impacted by excessive salty food intake, leading to conditions like Khalitya (hair fall) and Palitya (graying of hair). The relationship between Lavana rasa and hair is central to this study.

7) Atiyoga:
'Atiyoga' refers to the excessive consumption or overuse of Lavana rasa (salty taste). It results in various symptoms such as hypertension, joint inflammation, and hair fall.

8) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is the ancient Indian system of medicine emphasizing balance in bodily systems. It examines the effects of different tastes, such as Lavana rasa, on health and disease.

9) Diet:
Diet in the context of this study investigates how high intake of salty foods impacts health. Traditional Ayurveda advises balanced dietary habits to avoid issues associated with salty taste overuse.

10) Karya:
[see source text or glossary: Karya]

11) Inflammation:
Inflammation, such as joint inflammation (Shotha or Shopha), can be a result of excessive Lavana rasa intake. The study explores this symptom among others.

12) Karana:
[see source text or glossary: Karana]

13) Vada:
[see source text or glossary: Vada]

14) Thirst:
Thirst, or Trishna, is listed as a symptom of excess salty taste (Lavana rasa) consumption. It's one of the many potential health indicators assessed in this study.

15) Maharashtra (Maharastra, Maha-rashtra):
Maharashtra is the Indian state where the study was conducted. Specifically, Udgir city residents participated as both cases and controls to assess salty food impact.

16) Khalitya:
Khalitya refers to hair fall in Ayurveda. This condition is one of the observed symptoms in individuals consuming excess Lavana rasa (salty foods).

17) Palitya:
Palitya indicates the graying of hair. It's observed as a symptom linked to excessive consumption of salty taste (Lavana rasa) within the study's framework.

18) Dravya:
Dravya means substance. In the context of this study, it includes food items predominantly containing Lavana rasa, affecting one's health based on Ayurveda principles.

19) India:
India is the country where this study was undertaken, particularly concentrating on the populations in Maharashtra, examining traditional dietary habits and health impacts.

20) Papad:
Papad, a thin wafer commonly incorporated in Indian meals, is identified as one of the Lavana rasa (salty food) items. Excessive consumption can contribute to the symptoms studied.

21) Vali:
Vali denotes wrinkles in Ayurveda. It is observed among the symptoms caused by overuse of salty taste (Lavana rasa), as investigated in this study.

22) Soup:
Soup is mentioned as one of the salty food items evaluated in the diet of study participants. Excessive intake reflects the higher risk of symptoms like hypertension and thirst.

23) Milk:
Milk is listed among natural food items considered in this study. Its consumption levels are analyzed in the context of evaluating salty taste (Lavana rasa) effects.

24) Samhita:
[see source text or glossary: Samhita]

25) Disease:
Disease conditions like hypertension, eczema, and arthritis are analyzed in relation to excessive salty taste (Lavana rasa) intake. Karya-karana vada (cause and effect) principle from Ayurveda is applied.

26) Animal:
Animal studies reference how hypertension relates to dietary salt, correlating findings that excessive Lavana rasa (salty taste) could similarly affect human health.

27) Linga (Limga):
Linga refers to symptoms in Ayurveda. Identifying Linga is crucial to establishing the Karya-karana vada or cause-effect relationship between excess salty intake and health issues.

28) Blood:
Blood pressure elevation is a key indicator of hypertension, among the adverse effects of intake of salty food (Lavana rasa).

29) Hetu:
Hetu means causes. Understanding Hetu in Ayurveda is essential for diagnosing conditions that arise from excessive Lavana rasa intake.

30) Rheumatoid arthritis:
Rheumatoid arthritis is used to illustrate how high salt intake can exacerbate such conditions due to systemic inflammation and other physiological factors.

31) Discussion:
The discussion portion of the study reaffirms the association between salty taste (Lavana rasa) overuse and adverse health effects through statistical analysis and Ayurveda principles.

32) Salivation:
Salivation (Aasyamasravayati) is stimulated by salty taste. While beneficial in moderation, excess Lavana rasa can lead to health complications as outlined in the study.

33) Daurbalya:
Daurbalya means weakness. It's another symptom observed with excessive salty taste (Lavana rasa) intake in the study.

34) Vatarakta (Vata-rakta):
Vatarakta, associated with gout-like symptoms, is exacerbated by salt (Lavana rasa) overuse, leading to inflammation and pain, verifying Ayurveda's long-standing claims.

35) Substance:
Substance, or Dravya, in Ayurveda context refers to dietary items like those with Lavana rasa affecting health via their taste properties.

36) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiation, such as 'Pittam kopayati' (vitiation of Pitta), indicates how Lavana rasa excess alters body humors, resulting in various symptoms like hypertension and skin issues.

37) Stiffness:
Stiffness (Sthambha) can be relieved by Lavana rasa, but its overuse also introduces risks such as hypertension and hair issues.

38) Vagbhata:
Acharya Vagbhata is an ancient scholar who also described symptoms due to overuse of Lavana rasa like hypertension and wrinkles, correlating with study findings.

39) Aushadha (Ausadha):
[see source text or glossary: Aushadha]

40) Trisutra (Tri-sutra):
Trisutra Ayurveda outlines Hetu (cause), Linga (symptoms), and Aushadha (treatment), fundamental for diagnosing conditions attributed to excessive Lavana rasa.

41) Samghata (Sanghata):
Sanghata, meaning obstruction, is one of the issues relieved by Lavana rasa yet exacerbated by its overconsumption leading to health issues like hypertension.

42) Swelling:
Swelling, or Shotha/Shopha, is an inflammatory response worsened by excessive salty taste (Lavana rasa), highlighting its risk factors for joint inflammation.

43) Fainting (Fainted):
Fainting (Murchayati) is a symptom connected to excessive use of salty taste (Lavana rasa). Excessive intake can cause a range of symptoms including fainting.

44) Avayava:
'Sarvashareera avayava mrudukaroti' refers to Lavana rasa softening the body's parts, though its overuse can lead to complications like hypertension and skin issues.

45) Chedana:
Chedana means excision. Lavana rasa has an excising effect on food but overuse can result in health issues like hair fall and hypertension according to Ayurveda.

46) Bhedana:
'Bhedana', or breaking down, is a property of Lavana rasa though its overuse can lead to symptoms like hypertension, aligning with classical Ayurveda teachings.

47) Trishna (Trsna):
Trishna (thirst) is a symptom associated with excessive Lavana rasa. It was one of the main health indicators assessed in the study.

48) Visarpa:
Visarpa refers to erysipelas, which can be aggravated by excess Lavana rasa consumption leading to skin inflammation and related symptoms.

49) Snigdha:
Snigdha (oily) is not a characteristic of Lavana rasa, which balances Vata but overuse is known to cause issues like hypertension and thirst.

50) Kledana:
Kledana (moistening) is a beneficial property of Lavana rasa. However, its overuse can lead to negative effects like hair loss and skin issues.

51) Marathi:
Marathi is the language used alongside English in the survey questionnaire for participants in Maharashtra, indicating regional considerations in the study.

52) Tikshna (Tiksna):
Tikshna (piercing sharp) illustrates Lavana rasa's potency. Its usefulness becomes a risk factor when overused, causing issues from hair fall to hypertension.

53) Kashaya (Kasaya):
Kashaya (astringent) is one of the six tastes in Ayurveda, balancing others like Lavana. Overuse of one taste can affect health significantly.

54) Habitat:
'Habitat' in Ayurveda refers to 'Dravya,' the carrier of taste (Rasa), impacting health based on the balance of rasas consumed in diet.

55) Mineral:
Mineral perspectives were discussed briefly, showing how salt intake impacts hair and joint health, as salt is a key mineral in Lavana rasa.

56) Bandha (Bamdha):
Bandha (bonds) breaking is an effect of Lavana rasa, facilitating digestion but risky when overused, potentially leading to hypertension and skin wrinkles.

57) Pittam (Pittham):
Pitta is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda. Vitiation of Pitta (Pittam Kopayati) occurs with Lavana rasa overuse, leading to symptoms like hypertension.

58) Shotha (Sotha):
Shotha refers to inflammation, particularly joint inflammation intensified by excessive salty taste, one of the primary symptoms evaluated in this study.

59) Shopha (Sopha):
'Shopha' also indicates joint inflammation, linked to excessive Lavana rasa (salty food) consumption causing symptoms of discomfort and mobility issues.

60) Bitter:
Bitter (Tikta) is one of the six tastes in Ayurveda, balancing other tastes like Lavana. Overuse of one taste can disrupt health balance.

61) Nature:
Nature's connection is profound in Ayurveda, suggesting dietary and environmental balance for health. The study focuses on natural tastes like Lavana.

62) Indian:
'Indian' signifies the context of this Ayurveda-based study performed in India, assessing traditional dietary habits and their health implications.

63) Pitta:
Pitta is one of Ayurveda's primary doshas. Overuse of Lavana rasa leads to Pitta vitiation, resulting in health disorders like hypertension and hair loss.

64) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the doshas; Lavana rasa liquefies Kapha, balancing it. However, excess Lavana can cause negative effects like inflammation and eczema.

65) Tikta:
Tikta (bitter) denotes one of the six tastes within Ayurveda, important for dietary balance. Excessive intake of Lavana rasa can disrupt this balance.

66) Ushna (Usna):
Ushna (hot) is not a main characteristic of Lavana, which balances Vata but can cause health issues when consumed excessively.

67) Ayus (Ayush):
[see source text or glossary: Ayush]

68) Aahar:
'Shadarasatmak Aahar' is a dietary principle in Ayurveda advocating for balanced intake of the six tastes, emphasizing moderation to prevent health issues.

69) House:
House signifies places like fast food centers and cafeterias where the survey was conducted, as people frequenting these sites tend to consume excess Lavana rasa.

70) Guru:
Guru (heavy) is typically not associated with Lavana rasa, which has its own balance-inducing yet risky properties when overconsumed according to Ayurvedic principles.

71) Katu:
Katu (pungent) is one of the six tastes, balancing others like sweet and salty. Excess in one, especially Lavana, can lead to health disturbances.

72) Amla:
Amla (sour) is another primary taste in Ayurveda that helps balance diet. Excessive Lavana (salty) taste intake disrupts this balance, impacting health.

73) Vata:
Vata is one of the doshas. Lavana rasa balances Vata but its overuse can disturb other body functions causing symptoms like hypertension and joint issues.

74) Sara (Shara):
Sara (initiating movements) encapsulates Lavana rasa’s effects. Despite its benefits, overuse leads to various health issues, showing the need for balance.

75) Sour:
Sour (Amla) is one of the six Ayurvedic tastes. It’s crucial to balance all tastes including Lavana to avoid health issues.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 76]

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