Saman mufrit (obesity) concept and management in the light of unani literatures

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Saman mufrit (obesity) concept and management in the light of unani literatures”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Drug:
Drugs are used for obesity management in both traditional and modern medicine systems. Unani literature mentions the use of drugs like Luk-e-Maghsool and Muqil for weight loss. Modern drugs for obesity include Sibutramine and Orlistat, although they often come with significant side effects.

2) Food:
Food intake is crucial in the context of obesity, with high-energy, fatty, and nutrient-poor foods contributing to weight gain. Unani medicine stresses dietotherapy, recommending foods that are less energetic but fill the stomach to help manage obesity.

3) Blood:
In Unani medicine, blood is critical for diagnosing and treating obesity. Purification of blood through drugs, diet, and therapies like venesection is a common approach. Proper blood viscosity and circulation are essential for overall health and effective obesity management.

4) Medicine:
Medicine, both modern and traditional, plays a vital role in managing obesity. Unani medicine offers herbal solutions like Muqil and dietary advice, while contemporary treatments might involve medications like Statins and lifestyle alterations.

5) Disease:
Obesity is considered a disease due to its complexity and associated health risks, including cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. It involves an imbalance between calorie intake and expenditure and can lead to serious health complications.

6) Diet:
Diet is a primary focus in obesity management, emphasizing the intake of low-calorie, fill-inducing foods. Unani practices include dietotherapy to reduce obesity by controlling the quality and quantity of food consumed.

7) Science (Scientific):
Scientific validation of traditional remedies is crucial. The paper calls for more research on the efficacy of Unani herbs and treatments in a scientific manner to enhance their credibility and use in contemporary medicine.

8) India:
India is significant as both a source and a user of Unani medicine. The authors of the paper are affiliated with institutions in India, indicating the country's role in advancing traditional medical practices for obesity management.

9) Mineral:
Minerals are essential for balanced nutrition, mentioned indirectly in the context of avoiding diets high in fat, salt, and sugar, which are low in vitamins and minerals. Proper mineral intake is implied as part of a healthy, balanced diet.

10) Nature:
Nature and temperament ('Mizaj') are foundational in Unani medicine, which tailors treatments to individual characteristics and natural predispositions. Nature influences disease progression and treatment efficacy.

11) Phlegm:
In Unani medicine, phlegm (Balgham) is considered a cause of obesity, leading to cold temperament and sluggishness. Managing phlegm through herbs and therapies is crucial in treating obesity.

12) Lemon:
Lemon juice is highlighted for its effectiveness in weight loss. A mixture of lemon juice and water is recommended to be taken on an empty stomach to help melt body fat and promote digestion.

13) Cina:
Ibn Sina, a pivotal figure in Unani medicine, contributed extensively to obesity treatment. His work includes recommendations on decreasing food intake and using specific herbs and regimens to manage weight.

14) Substance:
Substances like herbal compounds and drugs are used in Unani medicine for weight management. These include natural herbs, combinations of herbs, and specific formulations aimed at reducing obesity.

15) Turmeric:
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is recognized for its antiseptic, antioxidant, digestive tonic, and blood purifying properties. It helps in regulating cholesterol and blood sugar levels, making it a beneficial herb in managing obesity.

16) Indian:
Indian context is crucial as the document is authored by Indian researchers and discusses traditional Unani medicine, which is practiced widely in India. The country's rich herbal heritage contributes significantly to this medical system.

17) Sugar:
Excessive sugar intake is linked to obesity. The text highlights avoiding energy-dense foods high in sugars to control weight, as they contribute to calorie surplus and fat accumulation.

18) Meditation:
Meditation is suggested as a method to manage stress, which is a known factor contributing to obesity. Finding alternative ways to cope with stress can prevent the habit of snacking and overeating.

19) Epidemic:
Obesity is described as having reached epidemic proportions, particularly in high-income groups globally. This highlights the widespread and increasing nature of obesity as a public health issue.

20) Kheera:
Kheera (cucumber) and other such foods are mentioned in Unani medicine as increasing phlegm and should be avoided in obesity management. They are considered non-beneficial in weight loss diets.

21) Family:
Family support is integral in making and maintaining lifestyle changes for managing obesity. Family and friends provide the necessary motivation and encouragement in adopting healthier habits.

22) Cancer:
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of various cancers. Managing obesity through lifestyle and diet can reduce this risk, highlighting the importance of weight control for overall health.

23) Madda:
Madda refers to the matter or substances in the body that need to be managed in Unani treatment. Excessive phlegm or other substances are addressed through specific therapies to treat obesity.

24) Ayus (Ayush):
AYUSH represents the systems of Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy in India. The journal and article are part of the effort to advance research and integrate traditional systems like Unani into modern healthcare.

25) Glass:
A glass of water mixed with lemon juice is suggested as a morning ritual for its potential benefits in melting body fat and aiding in weight loss, forming a simple dietary intervention in obesity management.

26) Kabir:
Jawarish Kamooni Kabir is a compound preparation in Unani medicine used for managing obesity. It is taken to help reduce fat and aid in weight loss through its medicinal properties.

27) Jamun:
Jamun vinegar combined with honey is recommended as a substance for obesity management. It is noted for its properties that aid in reducing body fat and promoting overall weight loss.

28) Honey:
Honey is highlighted for its beneficial role in weight management when combined with other substances like Jamun vinegar. It has properties that help maintain health while aiding in reducing obesity.

29) Death:
Obesity leads to a significant risk of premature death due to its association with severe health conditions like heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers. Managing weight is crucial to reduce these mortality risks.

30) Birth:
Birth-related factors, such as congenital predispositions, are considered in obesity management. Unani literature mentions that obesity can be hereditary (Virasati) or congenital (Khilqi), influencing treatment approaches.

31) Sweating (Sweat):
Sweating (Taareeq or Diaphoresis) is a therapeutic approach in Unani medicine for weight loss. Techniques like exercise and using diaphoretic drugs help reduce obesity by promoting sweating and removing excess fluids.

32) Yoga:
Yoga is recommended as part of lifestyle changes to manage obesity. It provides physical activity benefits and stress reduction, which are crucial for effective weight control.

33) Salt (Salty):
High salt intake is linked to health issues and weight gain. The text implies reducing foods high in salt to help manage obesity effectively within a holistic approach to diet and health.