Antibacterial effects of Origanum vulgare vs. Salmonella typhi.
Journal name: Ancient Science of Life
Original article title: Antibacterial activities of Origanum vulgare alone and in combination with different antimicrobials against clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi
The ANSCI is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal focused on Ayurveda and traditional medicines. It publishes original research, reviews, and literary studies linking traditional knowledge with modern science, covering disciplines like botany, ethnomedicine, pharmacology, and clinical research.
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Original source:
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Veni Bharti, Neeru Vasudeva, Sunil Sharma, Joginder Singh Duhan
Ancient Science of Life:
(A quarterly multi-disciplinary scientific research journal in Ayurveda)
Full text available for: Antibacterial activities of Origanum vulgare alone and in combination with different antimicrobials against clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi
Year: 2013
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Typhoid fever, caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi, is a significant public health concern, particularly in regions where sanitation and hygiene are inadequate. The rising incidence of multidrug resistance in S. typhi against antibiotics such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole poses challenges for effective treatment. The present study examines the potential of Origanum vulgare (commonly known as oregano) as a complementary therapeutic agent in conjunction with ciprofloxacin, a commonly used antibiotic, to combat this resistance.
Synergistic Effects of Origanum vulgare and Ciprofloxacin
The study investigates the interactions between the phenolic and nonphenolic fractions, as well as the volatile oil of O. vulgare, and ciprofloxacin against clinical isolates of S. typhi. The results demonstrated a significant synergistic relationship; when O. vulgare was combined with ciprofloxacin, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ciprofloxacin was notably reduced. Specifically, the addition of volatile oil diminished the MIC of ciprofloxacin, highlighting the potential of O. vulgare not only to enhance the effectiveness of the antibiotic but also to reduce its necessary dosage, thereby minimizing potential toxic side effects.
Conclusion
The findings of this study underscore the promise of using O. vulgare as an adjunctive treatment in antibiotic therapies for multidrug-resistant infections such as typhoid fever. By incorporating natural herbal extracts with established antibiotics, it is possible to improve treatment outcomes while simultaneously mitigating the side effects associated with higher doses of synthetic drugs. This approach may lead to more effective management of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections and suggests a viable alternative in the quest for new treatment strategies against antibiotic resistance.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main focus of the study on Origanum vulgare?
The study investigates the antibacterial activities of Origanum vulgare against clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi, particularly in combination with ciprofloxacin to combat multidrug resistance.
How does antibiotic resistance pose a challenge in treating typhoid fever?
Multidrug resistance in Salmonella typhi complicates treatment as it has shown resistance to common antibiotics like ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole, leading to a need for alternative therapeutic strategies.
What were the methods used to assess the effectiveness of O. vulgare?
The study utilized the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method and evaluated fractional inhibitory concentrations (FIC) to determine how O. vulgare fractions and oil interacted with ciprofloxacin against S. typhi.
What were the key findings regarding the combination of O. vulgare and antibiotics?
The study found that O. vulgare extracts significantly enhance the antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin against Salmonella typhi, potentially reducing the required dosage and minimizing side effects.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Antibacterial effects of Origanum vulgare vs. Salmonella typhi.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial refers to agents that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria, significant in combating infections. The study focuses on the antibacterial properties of Origanum vulgare against Salmonella typhi, emphasizing the need to find alternative treatments due to rising antibiotic resistance and the potential efficacy of herbal therapies.
2) Science (Scientific):
Scientific refers to processes based on observation, experimentation, and analysis to obtain reliable knowledge. The research in the article exemplifies scientific inquiry, where empirical methods are used to assess the efficacy of Origanum vulgare extracts. This rigorous approach is fundamental to validating claims made in medical research.
3) Drug:
A drug is a chemical substance used for the diagnosis, cure, treatment, or prevention of disease. In this study, ciprofloxacin is identified as a key drug used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhi. The study explores the interaction of this drug with herbal extracts to improve therapeutic outcomes.
4) Activity:
Activity refers to the effect or action of a substance, in this case, the antibacterial effects of O. vulgare extracts against Salmonella typhi. Understanding the activity of different compounds is critical in evaluating their potential as therapeutic agents. The study measures the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to quantify antimicrobial activity.
5) Guru:
In the context of the article, 'Guru' refers to Guru Jambheshwer University of Science and Technology, the institution where authors Veni Bharti, Neeru Vasudeva, and Sunil Sharma conducted their research. It signifies an academic authority or place of learning that contributes to scientific inquiry and development in pharmaceutical sciences.
6) Vasudeva (Vasu-deva):
Vasudeva is the surname of one of the authors, Neeru Vasudeva, indicating her contribution to the research study. Authorship carries significance in academia, as it signifies expertise and accountability in the findings and methodologies presented. Vasudeva’s work focuses on pharmacological aspects and herbal remedies in combating bacterial resistance.
7) Sharman (Sarma, Sharma, Sarman):
Sharma is another author of the study, Sunil Sharma, who is involved in the pharmaceutical research. As a contributing author, his insights and expertise aid in the overall understanding of the study’s findings on antimicrobial activity. The collaboration among authors enriches the quality and breadth of scientific investigation.
8) Blood:
Blood is a vital fluid in the human body that carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and removes waste products. In the study, blood samples were used to isolate the clinically relevant bacterial strains, Salmonella typhi, allowing researchers to examine how these pathogens respond to various treatments, crucial for understanding infections.
9) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illness and injury. The study highlights the role of traditional medicine, particularly herbal remedies, as a potential complement to modern pharmaceutical treatments. It emphasizes the importance of integrating different medical approaches in tackling antibiotic resistance.
10) Veni:
Veni refers to Veni Bharti, one of the authors of the research article. As a researcher in pharmaceutical sciences, her work focuses on the interaction of herbal constituents with conventional antibiotics. Her contributions are vital in promoting research that seeks to address health issues with innovative solutions.
11) Shirsha (Sirsa):
Sirsa is the location of Chaudhary Devi Lal University, where author Joginder Singh Duhan is affiliated. It represents the geographical context in which significant academic research takes place. Local institutions like this play a critical role in contributing to scientific advancements and addressing regional public health challenges.
12) Devi:
Devi refers to Chaudhary Devi Lal University, named in honor of a significant figure, which embodies the institution's focus on higher education and research. This underscores the importance of academic institutions in fostering developments in fields such as pharmaceutical sciences and addressing societal health concerns.
13) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the section in research articles where findings are interpreted and contextualized. It offers insights into the implications of the research results, identifying the significance of the interactions between herbal extracts and antibiotics. This section is essential for understanding how results contribute to existing knowledge and practices.
14) Hygiene (Hygienic):
Hygiene pertains to conditions or practices that promote health and prevent disease. The study highlights the ongoing public health challenges associated with typhoid fever, which are exacerbated by poor sanitation and hygiene. This context underscores the importance of preventive measures alongside medicinal treatments in controlling infectious diseases.
15) Nausea:
Nausea is a feeling of unease and discomfort often associated with the urge to vomit and is a common symptom in typhoid fever. Recognizing symptoms like nausea is crucial in diagnosing infections such as those caused by Salmonella typhi. Effective treatment addressing these symptoms is part of comprehensive patient care.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Antibacterial effects of Origanum vulgare vs. Salmonella typhi.’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Origanum vulgare, Herbal medicine, Morbidity and Mortality, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Antimicrobial Resistance, Multidrug resistance, Antibacterial activities, Volatile oil, Phenolic fraction, Carvacrol, Systemic illness, Toxic effect, Fractional inhibitory concentration, Bacterial strain, Salmonella Typhi, Haryana, India, Ciprofloxacin, GC-MS analysis, Clinical isolate, Microdilution method, Standard antibiotic, Enterobacteriaceae, Open access article, Synergistic relationship.