Haritaki – its proper way of using as per brihatrayee
Journal name: Ancient Science of Life
Original article title: Haritaki – its proper way of using as per brihatrayee
The ANSCI is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal focused on Ayurveda and traditional medicines. It publishes original research, reviews, and literary studies linking traditional knowledge with modern science, covering disciplines like botany, ethnomedicine, pharmacology, and clinical research.
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Original source:
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K. Vasudevan Nair, B. V. Holla, S. N. Yoganarasimhan
Ancient Science of Life:
(A quarterly multi-disciplinary scientific research journal in Ayurveda)
Full text available for: Haritaki – its proper way of using as per brihatrayee
Year: 1988
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Haritaki, derived from the fruits of Terminalia chebula, is a vital component in Ayurvedic medicine, commonly utilized for various ailments. Despite its prevalence, it is observed that many practitioners are not using Haritaki in accordance with classical Ayurvedic texts, particularly the Brihatrayee. The misuse often involves discarding significant parts of the fruit, which leads to a diminished therapeutic effect. The authors, K. Vasudevan Nair, B. V. Holla, and S. N. Yoganarasimhan, emphasize the importance of utilizing the whole fruit to harness the full range of its medicinal properties.
Importance of Using the Whole Fruit
One of the key aspects discussed in the article is the necessity of using the entire fruit of Haritaki for optimal therapeutic benefits. Each part of the fruit—external skin, pulp, fibrous portion, endocarp, and kernel—possesses distinct 'rasas' (tastes) and properties that contribute to its overall effectiveness as a remedy. Discarding any part results in the loss of specific therapeutic qualities, particularly two essential rasas: kashaya and madhura, found in the seed and endocarp. Classical texts like the Susruta Samhita and Astanga Hridaya specifically mandate the use of the entire fruit, highlighting that proper preparation and utilization align with ancient Ayurvedic wisdom are crucial for achieving the intended health benefits.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the current practices surrounding the use of Haritaki fall short of traditional guidelines, compromising its therapeutic potential. The authors argue for adhering to the classical Ayurvedic prescriptions found in texts like the Brihatrayee, where the emphasis lies on using the full fruit to ensure the effectiveness of medicinal preparations. Such adherence not only respects the heritage of Ayurvedic medicine but also enhances the healing properties of Haritaki, thereby improving treatment outcomes in various ailments. The findings suggest that similar considerations apply to other Ayurvedic drugs such as Amalaki and Vibhitaki, reinforcing the necessity of using whole plants in herbal medicine for maximum efficacy.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Haritaki and its significance in Ayurveda?
Haritaki, derived from Terminalis chebula, is a vital Ayurvedic drug known for treating various diseases. Its complete therapeutic efficacy is best achieved when the entire fruit is utilized, as this ensures a balance of therapeutic properties.
Why should the entire fruit of Haritaki be used?
The entire Haritaki fruit contains five essential rasas—kashaya, thiktha, amla, katu, and madhura—each providing unique therapeutic benefits. Discarding any part diminishes the drug's overall therapeutic efficacy.
What are the possible varieties of Haritaki recognized in Ayurveda?
Ayurveda identifies seven varieties of Haritaki, which differ by their origin and fruit shape. Each variety has specific therapeutic actions, crucial for treating various dosha imbalances.
What is the conclusion about the current usage of Haritaki?
Current practices often omit the endocarp and kernel, disregarding their importance. This reduces the drug's effectiveness, as per classical texts like Brihatrayee, which advocate using the entire fruit for optimal benefits.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Haritaki – its proper way of using as per brihatrayee”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Drug:
In the context of Ayurveda, 'drug' refers to plant-based substances that are used for therapeutic purposes. Haritaki, a vital Ayurvedic drug discussed in this text, illustrates this concept as it encompasses different parts of the plant to maximize health benefits and promote healing through the correct usage of its components.
2) Haritaki (Harītakī):
Haritaki is derived from the fruit of Terminalis chebula, valued in Ayurvedic medicine for its diverse therapeutic properties. The text emphasizes the importance of using the entire fruit to benefit from all its rasas (healing properties), highlighting its role in traditional healing practices and reaffirming its relevance in modern contexts.
3) Rasa (Rasā, Rasha):
Rasa refers to the taste or flavor derived from different substances in Ayurveda, and it plays a crucial role in determining the therapeutic effects of medicinal plants. The text notes that Haritaki possesses five rasas, each contributing distinct qualities to its efficacy, essential for treating various health conditions.
4) Hridaya (Hṛdaya):
Hridaya translates to 'heart' in Sanskrit but, in the context of Ayurvedic texts like 'Astanga Hridaya,' it refers to the center of knowledge and treatment methodologies. It serves as a critical reference, containing classical formulations and practices that enhance understanding and application of Ayurvedic medicine.
5) Ashtanga (Aṣṭāṅga, Ashtan-anga):
Astanga, meaning 'eight limbs,' signifies a major classification in Ayurveda represented by 'Astanga Hridaya,' a fundamental text that details the principles of medicine, diagnosis, and treatment. This structure assists in systematizing Ayurvedic practices, providing a comprehensive framework for practitioners.
6) Gupta (Guptā):
Gupta refers to a scholar or author who contributes to Ayurvedic literature. In this text, it cites Gupta's works, highlighting the need for adherence to traditional practices in Haritaki preparation, emphasizing the importance of historical texts in maintaining the integrity of medicinal usage.
7) Madhura (Madhurā, Mādhura):
Madhura translates to 'sweet' and is one of the five rasas presented in Ayurvedic medicine. This rasa influences the drug's therapeutic properties and assists in balancing the body's doshas, emphasizing the necessity of its presence in the complete use of Haritaki for optimal results.
8) Kashaya (Kāṣāya, Kāśaya, Kāsāya, Kaṣāya, Kaśāya, Kāsaya, Kaṣāyā, Kasāya, Kasaya):
Kashaya means 'astringent' in Sanskrit and is recognized as one of the five rasas. Its presence in Haritaki plays a critical role in its therapeutic effects, and omitting parts of the fruit can lead to a diminished therapeutic efficacy, underscoring the importance of holistic usage.
9) Katu (Kaṭu, Kātu):
Katu, or 'pungent,' is another rasa noted in Ayurveda, contributing to the medicinal properties of Haritaki. Each rasa has a unique influence on bodily conditions, and the text reinforces that neglecting any part of the fruit compromises its benefits, emphasizing the collective synergy of these tastes.
10) Tridosha (Tridoṣa, Tri-dosha):
Tridosha refers to the three doshas in Ayurveda—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha—that govern health and wellness. The text indicates that Haritaki is classified as Tridosha samana, meaning it helps balance all three doshas, signifying its adaptability and broad applicability in treatments.
11) Rasayana (Rasa-ayana, Rasāyana, Rāsāyana):
Rasayana signifies rejuvenation therapies in Ayurveda, involving the use of herbs like Haritaki to enhance health and longevity. The text suggests that for effective rasayana formulations, the complete fruit should be used, showcasing the importance of holistic approaches in comprehensive Ayurvedic treatments.
12) Samhita (Saṃhitā, Saṃhita):
Samhita translates as a compilation or collection of texts. In Ayurveda, these texts serve as critical resources embodying foundational knowledge. The reference to various 'Samhitas' in this document underscores their significance in grounding and guiding modern Ayurvedic practices and medicinal formulations.
13) Panaka (Paṇaka, Pāṇaka, Pānaka):
Panaka refers to a type of drink or decoction typically prepared using medicinal herbs. The text alludes to Asmarinasaka panaka, highlighting how specific formulations utilize different parts of Haritaki, illustrating the detailed approach Ayurveda takes in tailoring remedies for specific conditions.
14) Asthi (Ashthi, Aṣṭhi):
Asthi translates to 'bone' or 'hard part' in Sanskrit. In the context of Haritaki, it refers specifically to the endocarp of the fruit, signifying its contribution to the overall medicinal efficacy. This highlights the need for inclusive usage to harness all beneficial properties.
15) Amla (Amlā, Āmlā):
Amla translates to 'sour' and represents one of the five rasas found in Haritaki. Its therapeutic role includes promoting digestion and balancing the body's pH. The text reiterates the significance of incorporating the entire fruit to benefit from Amla’s positive effects.
16) Arshas (Arśa, Arsa, Arsha, Ārṣa, Arśas, Ārśa, Arṣa, Arsā):
Arsas refers typically to hemorrhoids in Ayurvedic terminology. The text suggests specific preparations utilizing Haritaki to address this condition, exemplifying the practical applications of Ayurvedic medicine in treating common ailments through specific formulations and complete herbal use.
17) Sushruta-samhita (Suśruta-saṃhitā):
Susruta-samhita is a foundational work in Ayurvedic surgery authored by Susruta. The text references it to underscore the historical context and authenticity of using entire Haritaki fruits as outlined, connecting contemporary practice with time-honored methodologies.
18) Caraka-samhita (Caraka-saṃhitā):
Caraka-samhita is another critical Ayurvedic text focusing on internal medicine. It serves as an authoritative source of knowledge for practitioners. The mention of this text reinforces the call for traditional practices in leveraging the full spectrum of Haritaki's benefits.
19) Sutrasthana (Sūtrasthāna, Sutra-sthana):
Sutra-sthana denotes the chapter or section within Susruta-samhita dedicated to foundational principles. References to specific sutras in the text validate the argument for holistic use of Haritaki, grounding recommendations in authoritative scripture and historical wisdom.
20) Madhurarasa (Madhura-rasa):
Madhura-rasa, the sweet taste, contributes significantly to the overall balanced effect of medicinal preparations. The exclusion of components delivering this rasa diminishes the therapeutic potential of Haritaki, emphasizing the need for its incorporation in complete herbal formulations.
21) Panduroga (Paṇḍuroga, Pāṇḍuroga, Pandu-roga, Pamduroga):
Pandu-roga refers to a medical condition characterized by pallor and weakness, akin to anemia. The text indicates therapeutic approaches using Haritaki, underlining its significance in addressing specific ailments through traditional Ayurvedic wisdom.
22) Discussion:
Discussion serves as a platform for reviewing and analyzing concepts presented within the text. It engages readers with thoughtful insights into the importance and implications of the proper usage of Haritaki, promoting reflection on Ayurvedic practices and their adherence.
23) Amlarasa (Amla-rasa):
Amla-rasa, representing sourness, plays a crucial role in enhancing digestion and facilitating metabolic functions. The text emphasizes its presence in Haritaki, advocating for the full fruit's use to incorporate this vital rasa into therapeutic dissections of the drug.
24) Ayurveda (Āyurveda, Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda embodies an ancient system of medicine focusing on natural healing through diet, herbs, and lifestyle adjustments. The text roots its discussions within this framework, illustrating how traditional knowledge is vital to contemporary health practices and improving therapeutic outcomes.
25) Sthaulya:
Sthaulya, meaning obesity in Ayurveda, implies an imbalance in doshas. The text suggests Haritaki's role in addressing such conditions through its therapeutic properties, underlining the importance of proper herbal formulations in managing lifestyle-related health issues.
26) Agastya (Āgastya):
Agastya represents a specific preparation utilizing Haritaki. The text mentions this formulation as an example of how traditional recipes are designed to maximize the therapeutic benefits of the fruit. Agastya encapsulates the intricacies of combining herbs for targeted treatment.
27) Amalaki (Āmalakī, Āmalaki):
Amalaki is another significant fruit in Ayurvedic medicine, known for its rejuvenating properties. The text correlates the usage of Amalaki with Haritaki, suggesting that a holistic approach to herbal remedies is essential for curtailing imbalances and enhancing health.
28) Durnama (Durnāma):
Durnama denotes challenging or difficult ailments. In the text, it points to various diseases that can be addressed through Ayurveda, particularly emphasizing the need for the complete use of therapeutic materials, like Haritaki, for effective solutions.
29) Science (Scientific):
Science underlines the systematic study of the natural world, including health and healing practices. While the text is rooted in traditional knowledge, it bridges the understanding of Ayurveda through the lens of empirical validation, advocating a synergy of ancient and modern healing methodologies.
30) Caraka (Cāraka, Cārāka):
Caraka refers to a prominent figure in Ayurvedic history and author of Caraka-samhita, offering profound insights into health and medicine. The text draws upon his authority to reinforce practices surrounding Haritaki, linking historical wisdom to current therapeutic approaches.
31) Ruksha (Rūkṣa):
Ruksha translates to 'dry' and is one of the qualities assigned to Haritaki, suggesting effects on body tissues. The text emphasizes the full usage of the fruit, including this aspect, to ensure balanced treatment outcomes across different body systems.
32) Vijaya (Vijayā):
Vijaya signifies a specific variety or classification of Haritaki known for efficacy across the three doshas. This name denotes its role in treating various diseases, emphasizing variety and specificity in Ayurvedic formulations to enhance therapeutic effectiveness.
33) Samana (Śamana, Samāna, Samaṇa, Samanā, Śāmana, Sāmana, Shamana, Samānā):
Samana refers to the balancing nature of a substance or treatment in Ayurveda. Haritaki's categorization as Tridosha samana highlights its ability to alleviate imbalance in doshas effectively, reinforcing its therapeutic versatility across different health issues.
34) Sthana (Sthāna):
Sthana means 'place' or 'location,' often used in traditional texts for anatomical or situational references. In the context of Ayurveda, understanding the sthana for herb application, such as Haritaki, is crucial for tailoring treatments to enhance efficacy based on origins and symptoms.
35) Pathya (Pathyā, Pāṭhya):
Pathya denotes a dietary prescription or medicinal guideline in Ayurveda, often indicating the appropriate use of herbs and substances. The text suggests that adhering to pathya recommendations ensures that the full properties of Haritaki are accessed, promoting optimal health benefits.
36) Vipaka (Vipāka):
Vipaka refers to the post-digestive effect, which plays a crucial role in determining how the body will assimilate a substance after ingestion. Understanding vipaka is essential in Ayurveda, as it influences the therapeutic outcomes of herbs like Haritaki by indicating their long-term effects.
37) Ashmari (Aśmari, Aśmarī):
Asmari translates to 'stone' or 'calculi,' referring to conditions like kidney stones in Ayurveda. The specific mention of Asmari in relation to Haritaki implies focused treatments through tailored preparations, showcasing how Ayurveda directly addresses particular health concerns with herbal medicine.
38) Phala (Phāla):
Phala, meaning 'fruit,' can represent both the literal product of plants and the metaphorical outcomes of medicinal practices. In this text, it is crucial as it directly relates to the proper usage of Haritaki's entire fruit to harness its full therapeutic potential.
39) Dosha (Dosa, Doṣa, Dosā, Doṣā, Ḍosā):
Dosha signifies the three biological energies in Ayurveda (Vata, Pitta, Kapha) that govern bodily functions. In discussing Haritaki, its role in balancing these doshas emphasizes its multifunctional capacity, reinforcing how proper dietary and herbal practices can optimize health.
40) Sutra (Sūtra):
Sutra signifies a concise statement or rule, foundational in Ayurvedic texts like Susruta Samhita. Each sutra encapsulates significant knowledge, acting as guiding principles for practitioners. The discussion references sutras related to Haritaki to fortify arguments based on traditional expertise.
41) Gulma:
Gulma refers to internal abdominal masses or tumors in Ayurvedic medicine. The text emphasizes Haritaki’s relevance in treating such conditions, aligning the fruit's therapeutic properties with traditional treatments and demonstrating Ayurveda's holistic approach to complex health issues.
42) Danti (Dantī, Dantin, Dānti, Damti):
Danti denotes a specific therapeutic preparation or root in Ayurvedic medicine associated with herbal treatments. Mentioning Danti alongside Haritaki hints at the intricate combinations used in Ayurvedic formulations, underscoring the collaborative role of multiple herbs in achieving effective health solutions.
43) Ushna (Uṣṇa, Uṣṇā):
Ushna translates to 'hot' or 'heating' and refers to a quality of certain drugs in Ayurveda, contributing to their energetic properties. By mentioning Ushna in relation to Haritaki, the text categorizes the fruit’s thermal properties, emphasizing its role in balancing bodily energies.
44) Mutra (Mūtra):
Mutra means 'urine' in Sanskrit, often relating to bodily functions and indicators of health in Ayurveda. The losses of specific properties such as those found in Haritaki can influence mutra's characteristics, demonstrating the interconnectedness of dietary impacts and physiological outcomes.
45) Snayu (Snāyu):
Snayu denotes the fibrous portion of Haritaki's mesocarp responsible for certain therapeutic properties. The text emphasizes the importance of including this part in treatment formulations, reinforcing the holistic approach in Ayurveda where every part of the fruit contributes uniquely to health outcomes.
46) Pandu (Pāṇḍu, Paṇḍu, Pandū, Pamdu, Pamde):
Pandu represents a condition similar to anemia, highlighting a concern in Ayurvedic practice. The text discusses how Haritaki can address such health issues, showcasing the practical application of herbal medicine in restoring balance and enhancing overall health.
47) Holla:
Holla pertains to a scholar or researcher associated with Ayurvedic studies, contributing to the ongoing discourse around traditional practices. This mention emphasizes collaborative efforts in the academic community to uphold and validate the relevance of Ayurvedic medicine in today's healthcare landscape.
48) Shata (Sata, Sāṭa, Sāta, Saṭa, Śaṭa, Śata, Sātā, Śaṭā, Śāta, Saṭā, Satā):
Sata translates to 'hundred' and is often invoked in Ayurveda to suggest completeness or abundance. The reference to Sata in the context may signify the abundance of benefits derived from using Haritaki fully, reinforcing the idea of maximizing the therapeutic effects of herbal remedies.
49) Roga:
Roga signifies 'disease' or 'disorder' in Ayurveda, underscoring its focus on health maintenance and restoration. The text’s emphasis on using Haritaki comprehensively addresses various rogas, aligning traditional knowledge with practical health solutions through holistic medicinal applications.
50) Yoga (Yogā):
Yoga generally denotes 'union' or 'practice' in Sanskrit, signifying discipline and methods cultivated in various contexts, including healing. The mention of yoga accentuates the importance of holistic practices in Ayurveda, akin to physical yoga, where the unity of body and mind is crucial for optimal health.
Other Science Concepts:
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Sushruta-samhita, Abhayarishta, Five rasas, Therapeutic properties, Brihatrayee, Varieties of Haritaki, Medicinal purpose.