Pharmacognostical study of Sahachara root (Nilgirianthus heyneanus).
Journal name: Ancient Science of Life
Original article title: PHARMACOGNOSTICAL STUDIES ON THE ROOT OF SAHACHARA NILGIRIANTHUS HEYNEANUS (Nees) Bremek – (ACANTHACEAE)
The ANSCI is a peer-reviewed, open-access journal focused on Ayurveda and traditional medicines. It publishes original research, reviews, and literary studies linking traditional knowledge with modern science, covering disciplines like botany, ethnomedicine, pharmacology, and clinical research.
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T. R. Shantha, J. K. Pattanshetty, K. Gopakumar
Ancient Science of Life:
(A quarterly multi-disciplinary scientific research journal in Ayurveda)
Full text available for: PHARMACOGNOSTICAL STUDIES ON THE ROOT OF SAHACHARA NILGIRIANTHUS HEYNEANUS (Nees) Bremek – (ACANTHACEAE)
Year: 1988
Copyright (license): CC BY-NC-SA
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study presented in this article focuses on the pharmacognostical analysis of the roots of Nilgirianthus heyneanus (Nees) Bremek, a plant commonly used in South India as a substitute for Sahachara (Barleria prionitis L) in Ayurvedic medicine. Recognized for its therapeutic properties, especially in treating conditions related to Vata dosha, this plant's roots are integral to various Ayurvedic formulations. Despite its widespread use, there has been a lack of detailed pharmacognostical research on N. heyneanus, which this study aims to address.
Critical Diagnostic Features of N. heyneanus
The study identified several key diagnostic characteristics of the roots of N. heyneanus through microscopical and maceration examinations. The roots are described as elongated, tapering, and varying in thickness, with a rough, brownish outer surface that is brittle upon fracture. Microscopically, the roots exhibit distinct structural elements such as multilayered cork, parenchymatous cortex with pigmented cystoliths, and a vascular cylinder marked by narrow phloem and well-developed xylem. Specifically, the presence of yellow and tanniferous cell contents, along with thick-walled stone cells interspersed among the parenchyma, are noted as significant features for identification. Histo-chemical tests further corroborate the presence of lignin, tannins, and oils, enhancing the medicinal profile of this species.
Conclusion
This comprehensive pharmacognostical study of N. heyneanus provides much-needed insights into the drug's anatomical and chemical properties, reinforcing its importance in traditional medicine. As an essential substitute for Sahachara, the detailed microscopic, histo-chemical, and phyto-chemical analyses presented in the study could help standardize the use of N. heyneanus in Ayurvedic practices. The findings aim to pave the way for further research into this plant's efficacy and applications, ultimately contributing to the validation and authentication of Ayurvedic remedies.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Nilgirianthus heyneanus and its common use?
Nilgirianthus heyneanus, referred to as Karim Kurinji, is commonly used in South India as a substitute for Sahachara. It is recognized for its benefits in treating various vata-related disorders in Ayurvedic medicine.
What are the main characteristics of N. heyneanus roots?
The roots of N. heyneanus are curved, tapering, and range between 36 to 28 cm in length. They have a rough, light to dark brown outer surface and are brittle with no characteristic smell.
What are the microscopic features of N. heyneanus roots?
Microscopically, the roots exhibit a cork layer, cortex with oil globules, and stone cells. The vascular cylinder has a narrow phloem and well-developed xylem with various vessel types interspersed with medullary rays.
What phytochemical constituents are found in N. heyneanus?
Phytochemical analysis of N. heyneanus reveals the presence of steroids, tannins, saponins, sugars, and some alkaloids. However, triterpenoids, flavonoids, and phenols were absent in the analysis.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Pharmacognostical study of Sahachara root (Nilgirianthus heyneanus).”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Drug:
The term 'drug' in this context refers to the botanical product derived from the root of Nilgirianthus heyneanus, which is utilized in traditional Ayurvedic medicine. Specifically, it substitutes for Sahachara, a well-known Ayurvedic remedy for various ailments, indicating its significance in herbal pharmacotherapy and holistic health practices in South India.
2) Water:
In the study, 'water' is mentioned in the context of hydration content, indicating the moisture level in the herbal material after drying. Water content is a fundamental parameter in pharmacognosy as it influences the storage, stability, and effusion of active compounds in herbal drugs, affecting their efficacy and shelf life.
3) Vata (Vāṭa, Vaṭa, Vāta, Vaṭā):
The word 'Vata' refers to one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, representing wind and movement. It is associated with physiological and psychological functions and is believed to govern bodily processes. Therapeutics targeting Vata are crucial for managing conditions relating to mobility, nervous functions, and mental clarity, highlighting its relevance in Ayurveda.
4) Taila (Tailā):
In the Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia, 'taila' signifies a medicated oil, often created with herbal ingredients for topical or oral therapeutic applications. Taila is essential in Ayurveda as it serves various functions, including enhanced absorption of active ingredients, nourishment of tissues, and alleviating dosha imbalances, thus playing a pivotal role in holistic treatments.
5) Pharmacognostical:
'Pharmacognostical' pertains to the study and analysis of drugs obtained from natural sources, particularly plants. This field encompasses the investigation of physical, chemical, and botanical properties of herbal medicines, crucial for ensuring quality, authenticity, and effectiveness of herbal products in traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda and herbalism.
6) Straw:
The term 'straw' appears in the context of fluorescence analysis within the study. It typically refers to a light color observed under UV light. In herbal studies, such observations assist in identifying chemical constituents and assessing quality, as colorimetric changes can indicate the presence of specific compounds or alterations in the drug.
7) Vatakantaka (Vātakaṇṭaka, Vata-kantaka):
'Vata-kantaka' refers to ankle sprain in Ayurvedic terminology, a condition characterized by pain and swelling in the ankle due to Vata dosha imbalances. Treatments often include specific herbal drugs like Nilgirianthus heyneanus to restore balance and alleviate symptoms, emphasizing the therapeutic relevance of this plant in managing musculoskeletal conditions.
8) Vatavyadhi (Vātavyādhi, Vata-vyadhi):
'Vata-vyadhi' encompasses diseases linked to Vata dosha disturbances in Ayurveda. These can manifest as neurological disorders, joint pain, insomnia, and digestive issues. By using herbs like Nilgirianthus heyneanus, practitioners aim to correct Vata imbalances, thereby restoring health and harmony, underscoring the Ayurvedic principles of disease management.
9) Evolution:
'Evolution' in this context likely refers to the gradual development and adaptation of the herbal drug's usage in traditional medicine over time. The pharmacognostic studies contribute to understanding how plants like Nilgirianthus heyneanus have been integrated and valued in Ayurvedic practices, reflecting a convergence of traditional knowledge and modern science.
10) Katishula (Kaṭiśūla, Kati-shula, Kaṭīśūla, Kaṭīśūlā):
'Katisula' is a term for lumbago or lower back pain in Ayurvedic texts. The relevance of Katisula in this pharmacognostical study underscores the importance of Nilgirianthus heyneanus as a therapeutic agent for alleviating such specific conditions, showcasing Ayurveda's comprehensive approach to treating a range of ailments.
11) Vatahara (Vātāhāra, Vata-ahara):
'Vatahara' refers to agents that pacify or reduce Vata dosha's effects. Herbs categorized as Vatahara are crucial in Ayurveda for maintaining balance and treating Vata-related ailments. The characterization of Nilgirianthus heyneanus as Vatahara emphasizes its therapeutic role in restoring dosha equilibrium and ensuring holistic health.
12) Vataghna (Vātaghna, Vata-ghna):
'Vataghna' translates to 'Vata-killer', indicating herbs or treatments that effectively pacify or eliminate Vata imbalances in the body. Efficacy of Nilgirianthus heyneanus in this regard highlights the significance of the plant in Ayurvedic formulations aimed at alleviating conditions predominantly driven by Vata dosha disturbances.
13) Kantaka (Kaṇṭaka, Kantakā, Kamtaka):
'Kantaka' in Ayurvedic terminology often denotes a thorn or painful condition, typically associated with sprains or injuries affecting mobility. The identification of Nilgirianthus heyneanus’s efficacy in addressing Vata-kantaka conditions emphasizes its practical application in the therapeutic management of pain and related disorders in traditional medicine.
14) Vriddhi (Vṛddhi):
'Vriddhi' signifies growth or increase in Ayurveda. In the context of medicinal plants, it may pertain to the enhancement of health, vitality, or specific bodily functions when using herbal medicines. This growth aspect is essential in promoting overall well-being and therapeutic outcomes of herbal interventions.
15) Science (Scientific):
'Science' in this text refers to the systematic study and understanding of herbal drugs, including pharmacognosy and its methodologies. The rigorous analysis of Nilgirianthus heyneanus reflects the scientific principles applied in validating the efficacy, safety, and standardization of traditional medicinal practices within a modern framework.
16) Kurinci (Kuriñci):
'Kurinji' refers to the local name of Nilgirianthus heyneanus, which emphasizes the cultural significance and geographical identity of the plant. Recognizing such local terms enriches the understanding of herbal medicines and their role in indigenous healing practices, reflecting biodiversity and traditional knowledge systems.
17) Vikara (Vikāra, Vikārā):
'Vikara' signifies a transformation or pathological change in Ayurveda. It represents various diseases or imbalances within the body. The exploration of Nilgirianthus heyneanus’s efficacy for Vata-vyadhi and other conditions highlights the herbal drug’s relevance in managing and restoring physiological balance, essential in Ayurvedic health practices.
18) Unmada (Unmāda, Unmadā):
'Unmada' denotes insanity or mental disorders in Ayurvedic texts. The recognition of Nilgirianthus heyneanus’s utility in addressing such severe conditions illustrates the broader application of traditional herbs in mental health interventions, representing holistic treatment strategies prevalent in Ayurvedic medicine.
19) Vyadhin (Vyādhī, Vyādhi, Vyadhi, Vyādhin):
'Vyadhi' refers to diseases or ailments in Ayurveda. The concept emphasizes the importance of treatment methodologies, including the use of herbal drugs like Nilgirianthus heyneanus in addressing various Vyadhis, showcasing the integral role of plant-based therapies in disease management and health restoration.
20) Kapha:
'Kapha' is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, embodying the qualities of earth and water, representing stability and structure. Understanding its balance is crucial for health. Therapies targeting Kapha seek to alleviate symptoms like congestion and lethargy, emphasizing the need for restorative approaches using herbs such as Nilgirianthus heyneanus.
21) Kampa (Kampā):
'Kampa' translates to tremors or spasms in Ayurveda, often linked to Vata disturbances. The examination of Nilgirianthus heyneanus’s effects on Kampa underscores its potential application in treating neurological symptoms, reflecting the sophisticated understanding Ayurveda possesses in managing complex physical and psychological conditions.
Other Science Concepts:
Discover the significance of concepts within the article: ‘Pharmacognostical study of Sahachara root (Nilgirianthus heyneanus).’. Further sources in the context of Science might help you critically compare this page with similair documents:
Vatavikara, Thin Layer Chromatography, Fluorescence Analysis, Botanical Description, Pharmacognostical Studies, Ayurvedic preparation, Microscopical characters, Macroscopical characters, Phyto chemical studies, Powder analysis, Histochemical test.