Samṛddhin: List of Sanskrit Nouns
Sanskrit References
Samṛddhin is a word in the Sanskrit language where it represents a Noun. This page shows references to Sanskrit literature where this Noun occurs, by collecting all possible forms this word ca be displayed: Such as Gender-specific declension and Sandhi modifications.
References
Total 985 pages in 52 books
Verse 0.19 < [Introduction]
Verse 3.146 < [Book 3 - Vigraha]
Verse 2.102 < [Book 2 - Suhridbheda]
Verse 3.120 < [Book 3 - Vigraha]
Verse 4.63 < [Book 4 - Sandhi]
Verse 1.199 < [Book 1 - Mitralabha]
Panchatantra [sanskrit] (by Dr. Naveen Kumar Jha)
Kathasaritsagara [sanskrit] (by C. H. Tawney)
Verse 2.4.194 < [Chapter 4]
Verse 3.5.17 < [Chapter 5]
Verse 4.2.30 < [Chapter 2]
Verse 6.3.195 < [Chapter 3]
Verse 8.2.385 < [Chapter 2]
Verse 9.2.338 < [Chapter 2]
Verse 9.4.150 < [Chapter 4]
Verse 9.4.206 < [Chapter 4]
Verse 9.4.238 < [Chapter 4]
Verse 9.5.234 < [Chapter 5]
Verse 12.19.93 < [Chapter 19]
Verse 12.26.6 < [Chapter 26]
Verse 12.31.49 < [Chapter 31]
Verse 12.34.42 < [Chapter 34]
Verse 12.34.375 < [Chapter 34]
Verse 17.6.215 < [Chapter 6]
Verse 18.5.221 < [Chapter 5]
Buddha-Carita [sanskrit] (by E. B. Cowell)
Verse 10.26 < [Chapter 10]
Mahavastu [sanskrit verses and english] (by Émile Senart)
Verse 7.35 < [Chapter 7]
Verse 17.78 < [Chapter 17]
Verse 23.30 < [Chapter 23]
Verse 25.17 < [Chapter 25]
Verse 51.40 < [Chapter 51]
Verse 64.144 < [Chapter 64]
Verse 65.61 < [Chapter 65]
Verse 65.62 < [Chapter 65]
Verse 102.13 < [Chapter 102]
Verse 102.15 < [Chapter 102]
Naishadha-charita [sanskrit] (by K.K. Handiqui)
Verse 1.13.77 < [Chapter 13]
Verse 1.14.40 < [Chapter 14]
Verse 1.15.43 < [Chapter 15]
Verse 1.15.49 < [Chapter 15]
Verse 1.15.50 < [Chapter 15]
Verse 1.25.92 < [Chapter 25]
Verse 2.3.1.14 < [Chapter 1]
Verse 2.3.8.56 < [Chapter 8]
Verse 2.3.32.54 < [Chapter 32]
Verse 2.4.20.41 < [Chapter 20]
Verse 2.5.1.44 < [Chapter 1]
Verse 2.5.18.30 < [Chapter 18]
Verse 2.5.18.31 < [Chapter 18]
Verse 2.5.18.33 < [Chapter 18]
Verse 2.5.18.34 < [Chapter 18]
Verse 2.5.18.38 < [Chapter 18]
Verse 2.5.18.47 < [Chapter 18]
Verse 2.5.18.50 < [Chapter 18]
Verse 7.7.29 < [Chapter 7]
Verse 7.12.8 < [Chapter 12]
Verse 7.14.5 < [Chapter 14]
Verse 7.15.56 < [Chapter 15]
Verse 7.32.62 < [Chapter 32]
Verse 8.3.1 < [Chapter 3]
Verse 8.12.54 < [Chapter 12]
Ashtanga-hridaya-samhita [sanskrit]
Samarangana-sutradhara [sanskrit]
Verse 10.123 < [Chapter 10: puraniveśa]
Verse 22.27 < [Chapter 22: dviśālagṛha-lakṣaṇa]
Verse 23.8 < [Chapter 23: ekaśālālakṣaṇaphalādi]
Verse 23.20 < [Chapter 23: ekaśālālakṣaṇaphalādi]
Verse 39.23 < [Chapter 39: dvāraguṇadoṣa]
Verse 40.13 < [Chapter 40: pīṭhamāna]
Verse 55.52 < [Chapter 55: mervādiṣoḍaśaprāsādādi-lakṣaṇa]
Verse 65.59 < [Chapter 65: bhūmijaprāsāda-lakṣaṇa]
Verse 1.9.19 < [Chapter 9]
Verse 1.9.42 < [Chapter 9]
Verse 1.9.135 < [Chapter 9]
Verse 1.15.205 < [Chapter 15]
Verse 1.18.121 < [Chapter 18]
Verse 1.19.257 < [Chapter 19]
Verse 1.31.68 < [Chapter 31]
Verse 1.31.146 < [Chapter 31]
Verse 1.43.259 < [Chapter 43]
Verse 1.48.88 < [Chapter 48]
Verse 1.52.85 < [Chapter 52]
Verse 1.76.75 < [Chapter 76]
Verse 2.5.54 < [Chapter 5]
Verse 2.5.58 < [Chapter 5]
Verse 2.28.17 < [Chapter 28]
Verse 2.87.9 < [Chapter 87]
Verse 2.95.5 < [Chapter 95]
Verse 2.98.14 < [Chapter 98]
Verse 2.99.38 < [Chapter 99]
Verse 2.103.62 < [Chapter 103]
Verse 2.104.2 < [Chapter 104]
Verse 2.120.1 < [Chapter 120]
Verse 3.11.15 < [Chapter 11]
Verse 3.12.8 < [Chapter 12]
Verse 3.12.12 < [Chapter 12]
Hari-bhakti-vilasa [sanskrit text] (by Gaudiya Grantha Mandira)
Verse 2.16 < [Chapter 2 - Daikṣika-vilāsa]
Verse 5.109 < [Chapter 5 - Ādhiṣṭhānika-vilāsa]
Verse 5.456 < [Chapter 5 - Ādhiṣṭhānika-vilāsa]
Verse 6.316 < [Chapter 6 - Snāpanika-vilāsa]
Verse 11.97 < [Chapter 11 - Nityakṛtyasamāpana-vilāsa]
Verse 11.301 < [Chapter 11 - Nityakṛtyasamāpana-vilāsa]
Verse 11.547 < [Chapter 11 - Nityakṛtyasamāpana-vilāsa]
Verse 11.549 < [Chapter 11 - Nityakṛtyasamāpana-vilāsa]
Lakshminarayana Samhita [sanskrit] (by Shwetayan Vyas)
Verse 1.19.75 < [Chapter 19]
Verse 1.34.32 < [Chapter 34]
Verse 1.53.43 < [Chapter 53]
Verse 1.94.17 < [Chapter 94]
Verse 1.117.26 < [Chapter 117]
Verse 1.125.64 < [Chapter 125]
Verse 1.147.36 < [Chapter 147]
Verse 1.154.7 < [Chapter 154]
Verse 1.155.57 < [Chapter 155]
Verse 1.179.52 < [Chapter 179]
Verse 1.182.3 < [Chapter 182]
Verse 1.186.36 < [Chapter 186]
Verse 1.187.45 < [Chapter 187]
Verse 1.190.43 < [Chapter 190]
Verse 1.192.60 < [Chapter 192]
Verse 1.193.63 < [Chapter 193]
Verse 1.235.59 < [Chapter 235]
Verse 1.239.2 < [Chapter 239]
Verse 1.241.35 < [Chapter 241]
Verse 1.244.28 < [Chapter 244]
Verse 1.260.82 < [Chapter 260]
Verse 1.267.23 < [Chapter 267]
Verse 1.270.32 < [Chapter 270]
Verse 1.272.32 < [Chapter 272]
Verse 1.274.53 < [Chapter 274]
Apastamba Sulba-sutra [sanskrit]
Apastamba Grihya-sutra [sanskrit]
Bhagavad-gita with four Commentaries [sanskrit]
Chapter 7 - Nagarāvalambika-avadāna
Chapter 22 - Candraprabhabodhisattvacarya-avadāna
Chapter 33 - Śārdūlakarṇa-avadāna
Mahavastu [sanskrit verse and prose]
Verse 1.40 < [Chapter 1 - Kauśīdyavīryotsāhana-avadāna]
Verse 1.156 < [Chapter 1 - Kauśīdyavīryotsāhana-avadāna]
Verse 1.235 < [Chapter 1 - Kauśīdyavīryotsāhana-avadāna]
Verse 3.146 < [Chapter 3 - Cakra-avadāna]
Verse 7.71 < [Chapter 7 - Vapuṣmatkumāra-avadāna]
Verse 10.17 < [Chapter 10 - Hiraṇyapāṇi-avadāna]
Verse 10.23 < [Chapter 10 - Hiraṇyapāṇi-avadāna]
Verse 10.178 < [Chapter 10 - Hiraṇyapāṇi-avadāna]
Verse 11.15 < [Chapter 11 - Hastaka-avadāna]
Verse 11.59 < [Chapter 11 - Hastaka-avadāna]
Verse 12.20 < [Chapter 12 - Sārthavāha-avadāna]
Verse 12.152 < [Chapter 12 - Sārthavāha-avadāna]
Verse 13.98 < [Chapter 13 - Vaḍika-avadāna]
Verse 15.93 < [Chapter 15 - Sūkṣmatvaca-avadāna]
Verse 16.144 < [Chapter 16 - Pretika-avadāna]
Verse 18.27 < [Chapter 18 - Dhanika-avadāna]
Verse 18.137 < [Chapter 18 - Dhanika-avadāna]
Verse 28.146 < [Chapter 28 - Pāñcālarāja-avadāna]
Verse 28.150 < [Chapter 28 - Pāñcālarāja-avadāna]
Verse 29.96 < [Chapter 29 - Upapāduka-avadāna]
Verse 29.202 < [Chapter 29 - Upapāduka-avadāna]
Verse 34.31 < [Chapter 34 - Ārāmika-avadāna]
Verse 35.8 < [Chapter 35 - śobhita-avadāna]
Verse 35.185 < [Chapter 35 - śobhita-avadāna]
Verse 35.187 < [Chapter 35 - śobhita-avadāna]
Chapter 36 - Pramuditanayanajagadvirocanā
Chapter 40 - Sarvavṛkṣapraphullanasukhasaṃvāsā
Lalitavistara-sutra [sanskrit]
Chapter 2 - Samutsāha-parivarta
Chapter 13 - Saṃcodanā-parivarta
Chapter 15 - Abhiniṣkramaṇa-parivarta
Chapter 24 - Trapuṣabhallika-parivarta
Chapter 49 - Arrival at Rājagṛha and Bimbisāra's meeting
Chapter 221 - The story of a lord of a dārukoṭaka bird and a lion
Chapter 223 - Another story of a bear of a poor man
Verse 43.18 < [Chapter 43]
Verse 28.2 < [Chapter 28]
Verse 25.10 < [Chapter 25]
Verse 21.13 < [Chapter 21]
Verse 52.17 < [Chapter 52]
Verse 112.8 < [Chapter 112]
Verse 91.9 < [Chapter 91]
Verse 46.70 < [Chapter 46]
Verse 35.28 < [Chapter 35]
Verse 35.6 < [Chapter 35]
Verse 57.31 < [Chapter 57]
Verse 31.13 < [Chapter 31]
Verse 26.7 < [Chapter 26]
Verse 62.13 < [Chapter 62]
Verse 14.25 < [Chapter 14]
Verse 95.3 < [Chapter 95]
Verse 100.8 < [Chapter 100]
Verse 50.11 < [Chapter 50]
Verse 49.2 < [Chapter 49]
Verse 8.24 < [Chapter 8]
Verse 102.6 < [Chapter 102]
Verse 45.4 < [Chapter 45]
Verse 1.20 < [Chapter 1]
Verse 21.15 < [Chapter 21]
Verse 59.5 < [Chapter 59]
Verse 1.1.18.92 < [Chapter 18]
Verse 1.2.16.42 < [Chapter 16]
Verse 1.4.7.6 < [Chapter 7]
Verse 1.4.16.37 < [Chapter 16]
Verse 2.1.19.88 < [Chapter 19]
Verse 2.2.10.50 < [Chapter 10]
Verse 2.2.17.53 < [Chapter 17]
Verse 2.2.17.84 < [Chapter 17]
Verse 2.2.18.18 < [Chapter 18]
Verse 2.2.20.33 < [Chapter 20]
Verse 2.2.21.42 < [Chapter 21]
Verse 2.2.29.17 < [Chapter 29]
Verse 2.2.29.63 < [Chapter 29]
Verse 2.2.33.23 < [Chapter 33]
Verse 2.2.33.53 < [Chapter 33]
Verse 2.2.33.97 < [Chapter 33]
Verse 2.2.35.7 < [Chapter 35]
Verse 2.2.37.53 < [Chapter 37]
Verse 2.2.41.15 < [Chapter 41]
Verse 2.2.42.10 < [Chapter 42]
Verse 2.2.42.12 < [Chapter 42]
Verse 2.2.42.19 < [Chapter 42]
Verse 2.2.47.15 < [Chapter 47]
Verse 2.2.48.18 < [Chapter 48]
Verse 2.4.17.6 < [Chapter 17]
Verse 3.29.34 < [Chapter 29]
Verse 13.51 < [Chapter 13]
Verse 31.153 < [Chapter 31]
Verse 43.73 < [Chapter 43]
Verse 44.54 < [Chapter 44]
Verse 69.4 < [Chapter 69]
Verse 79.39 [commentary, 887:4] < [Chapter 79]
Verse 86.47 < [Chapter 86]
Verse 113.82 < [Chapter 113]
Verse 118.26 < [Chapter 118]
Harivamsa [appendix] [sanskrit]
Verse 18.61 < [Chapter 18]
Verse 18.77 < [Chapter 18]
Verse 18.183 < [Chapter 18]
Verse 29B.35 < [Chapter 29B]
Verse 29B.166 < [Chapter 29B]
Verse 40.157 [49:18] < [Chapter 40]
Verse 41.1503 < [Chapter 41]
Verse 42B.310 < [Chapter 42B]
Verse 42B.423 < [Chapter 42B]
Verse 42B.959 < [Chapter 42B]
Kautilya Arthashastra [sanskrit]
Brihat-katha-shloka-samgraha [sanskrit]
Verse 5.181 < [Chapter 5]
Verse 7.81 < [Chapter 7]
Verse 15.48 < [Chapter 15]
Verse 18.197 < [Chapter 18]
Verse 18.587 < [Chapter 18]
Verse 18.605 < [Chapter 18]
Verse 18.669 < [Chapter 18]
Verse 18.701 < [Chapter 18]
Verse 25.22 < [Chapter 25]
Verse 27.18 < [Chapter 27]
Verse 27.57 < [Chapter 27]
Verse 1.1.65 < [Chapter 1]
Verse 1.1.66 < [Chapter 1]
Verse 1.1.88 < [Chapter 1]
Verse 1.20.11 < [Chapter 20]
Verse 1.52.16 < [Chapter 52]
Verse 1.62.10 < [Chapter 62]
Verse 1.79.30 < [Chapter 79]
Verse 1.94.38 < [Chapter 94]
Verse 1.114.5 < [Chapter 114]
Verse 1.116.3 < [Chapter 116]
Verse 1.119.30 < [Chapter 119]
Verse 1.135.13 < [Chapter 135]
Verse 1.138.27 < [Chapter 138]
Verse 1.165.4 < [Chapter 165]
Verse 1.178.2 < [Chapter 178]
Verse 1.185.12 < [Chapter 185]
Verse 1.213.31 < [Chapter 213]
Verse 1.214.25 < [Chapter 214]
Verse 2.17.15 < [Chapter 17]
Verse 2.19.22 < [Chapter 19]
Verse 2.19.23 < [Chapter 19]
Verse 2.32.14 < [Chapter 32]
Verse 2.32.15 < [Chapter 32]
Verse 2.42.32 < [Chapter 42]
Verse 2.60.12 < [Chapter 60]
Akshayamatinirdesha [sanskrit]
Karunapundarika-sutra [sanskrit]
Verse 2.1.15 < [Chapter 1]
Verse 2.3.37 < [Chapter 3]
Verse 2.5.7 < [Chapter 5]
Verse 2.9.30 < [Chapter 9]
Verse 2.16.74 < [Chapter 16]
Verse 2.16.78 < [Chapter 16]
Verse 4.6.40 < [Chapter 6]
Verse 4.14.11 < [Chapter 14]
Verse 4.14.159 < [Chapter 14]
Verse 4.14.167 < [Chapter 14]
Verse 4.15.57 < [Chapter 15]
Verse 4.16.21 < [Chapter 16]
Verse 4.16.55 < [Chapter 16]
Verse 4.19.5 < [Chapter 19]
Verse 4.24.39 < [Chapter 24]
Verse 4.25.133 < [Chapter 25]
Verse 4.30.66 < [Chapter 30]
Verse 4.32.68 < [Chapter 32]
Verse 1.3.2.12 < [Kāṇḍa 1, Adhyāya 3, Brāhmaṇa 2]
Verse 1.5.1.18 < [Kāṇḍa 1, Adhyāya 5, Brāhmaṇa 1]
Verse 1.5.1.19 < [Kāṇḍa 1, Adhyāya 5, Brāhmaṇa 1]
Verse 1.5.1.20 < [Kāṇḍa 1, Adhyāya 5, Brāhmaṇa 1]
Verse 1.5.3.7 < [Kāṇḍa 1, Adhyāya 5, Brāhmaṇa 3]
Verse 1.6.3.39 < [Kāṇḍa 1, Adhyāya 6, Brāhmaṇa 3]
Verse 1.6.4.14 < [Kāṇḍa 1, Adhyāya 6, Brāhmaṇa 4]
Verse 1.7.2.20 < [Kāṇḍa 1, Adhyāya 7, Brāhmaṇa 2]
Verse 1.7.3.15 < [Kāṇḍa 1, Adhyāya 7, Brāhmaṇa 3]
Verse 1.8.1.37 < [Kāṇḍa 1, Adhyāya 8, Brāhmaṇa 1]
Verse 1.9.1.10 < [Kāṇḍa 1, Adhyāya 9, Brāhmaṇa 1]
Verse 2.1.2.5 < [Kāṇḍa 2, Adhyāya 1, Brāhmaṇa 2]
Verse 2.2.2.2 < [Kāṇḍa 2, Adhyāya 2, Brāhmaṇa 2]
Verse 2.3.2.18 < [Kāṇḍa 2, Adhyāya 3, Brāhmaṇa 2]
Verse 2.4.1.1 < [Kāṇḍa 2, Adhyāya 4, Brāhmaṇa 1]
Verse 3.1.1.3 < [Kāṇḍa 3, Adhyāya 1, Brāhmaṇa 1]
Verse 3.1.2.16 < [Kāṇḍa 3, Adhyāya 1, Brāhmaṇa 2]
Verse 3.6.1.29 < [Kāṇḍa 3, Adhyāya 6, Brāhmaṇa 1]
Verse 3.6.4.8 < [Kāṇḍa 3, Adhyāya 6, Brāhmaṇa 4]
Verse 4.1.4.6 < [Kāṇḍa 4, Adhyāya 1, Brāhmaṇa 4]
Verse 4.1.5.10 < [Kāṇḍa 4, Adhyāya 1, Brāhmaṇa 5]
Verse 4.1.5.11 < [Kāṇḍa 4, Adhyāya 1, Brāhmaṇa 5]
Verse 4.1.5.13 < [Kāṇḍa 4, Adhyāya 1, Brāhmaṇa 5]
Verse 4.3.4.2 < [Kāṇḍa 4, Adhyāya 3, Brāhmaṇa 4]
Verse 4.5.2.3 < [Kāṇḍa 4, Adhyāya 5, Brāhmaṇa 2]
Paramesvara-samhita [sanskrit]
Verse 7.403 < [Chapter 7]
Verse 10.287 < [Chapter 10]
Verse 10.288 < [Chapter 10]
Verse 10.289 < [Chapter 10]
Verse 15.714 < [Chapter 15]
Verse 15.717 < [Chapter 15]
Verse 15.718 < [Chapter 15]
Verse 15.908 < [Chapter 15]
Verse 16.91 < [Chapter 16]
Verse 16.148 < [Chapter 16]
Verse 16.200 < [Chapter 16]
Verse 17.331 < [Chapter 17]
Verse 19.566 < [Chapter 19]
Verse 20.124 < [Chapter 20]
Verse 23.11 < [Chapter 23]
Purushottama-samhita [sanskrit]
Verse 32.29 < [Chapter 32]
Verse 8.35 < [Chapter 8]
Verse 11.181 < [Chapter 11]
Verse 18.41 < [Chapter 18]
Verse 18.51 < [Chapter 18]
Verse 19.26 < [Chapter 19]
Verse 28.86 < [Chapter 28]
Verse 37.42 < [Chapter 37]
Bhrigu-samhita [sanskrit] (by Members of the Sansknet Project)
Verse 1.25 < [Chapter 1 - ṛṣipraśyottaram]
Verse 4.14 < [Chapter 4 - adyeṣṭakā sthāpanam]
Verse 7.46 < [Chapter 7 - parivārālayalakṣaṇam]
Verse 8.51 < [Chapter 8 - pīṭhamānam]
Verse 11.73 < [Chapter 11 - bhagavatpratiṣṭhāvidhiḥ]
Verse 20.22 < [Chapter 20 - rakṣādīpavidhiḥ]
Verse 25.26 < [Chapter 25 - utsavavidhiḥ]
Verse 25.28 < [Chapter 25 - utsavavidhiḥ]
Verse 26.2 < [Chapter 26 - prāyaścittam]
Verse 27.284 < [Chapter 27 - prāyaścittam]
Verse 34.87 < [Chapter 34 - svayaṃvyaktādi sthānapañcakam]
Verse 35.295 < [Chapter 35 - phalaśrutiḥ]
Verse 35.406 < [Chapter 35 - phalaśrutiḥ]
Verse 36.582 < [Chapter 36 - apacārāḥ]
Verse 15.32 < [Chapter 15 - nakṣatravyūhādhyāyaḥ [nakṣatravyūha-adhyāya]]
Verse 47.71 < [Chapter 47 - puṣyasnānādhyāyaḥ [puṣyasnāna-adhyāya]]
Verse 54.16 < [Chapter 54 - vṛkṣāyurvedādhyāyaḥ [vṛkṣāyurveda-adhyāya]]
Verse 102.11 < [Chapter 102 - vivāhapaṭalādhyāyaḥ [vivāhapaṭala-adhyāya]]
Manusmriti [sanskrit] (by Ganganatha Jha)
Verse 3.6 < [Chapter 3]
Verse 3.66 < [Chapter 3]
Verse 3.98 < [Chapter 3]
Verse 3.125 < [Chapter 3]
Verse 4.137 < [Chapter 4]
Verse 8.170 < [Chapter 8]
Verse 3.14.10 < [Chapter 14]
Verse 4.3.21 < [Chapter 3]
Verse 4.9.36 < [Chapter 9]
Verse 5.24.8 < [Chapter 24]
Verse 5.24.18 < [Chapter 24]
Verse 6.7.22 < [Chapter 7]
Verse 7.15.3 < [Chapter 15]
Verse 8.18.32 < [Chapter 18]
Verse 10.5.18 < [Chapter 5]
Verse 10.81.11 < [Chapter 81]
Verse 10.81.32 < [Chapter 81]
Verse 10.81.33 < [Chapter 81]
Verse 10.90.1 < [Chapter 90]
Verse 11.6.5 < [Chapter 6]
Verse 11.8.6 < [Chapter 8]
Verse 11.14.19 < [Chapter 14]
Verse 11.21.11 < [Chapter 21]
Verse 1.3.42 < [Chapter 3]
Verse 1.5.103 < [Chapter 5]
Verse 1.19.76 < [Chapter 19]
Verse 1.23.5 < [Chapter 23]
Verse 1.32.38 < [Chapter 32]
Verse 1.49.33 < [Chapter 49]
Verse 1.52.25 < [Chapter 52]
Verse 1.53.27 < [Chapter 53]
Verse 1.68.21 < [Chapter 68]
Verse 1.69.4 < [Chapter 69]
Verse 1.93.10 < [Chapter 93]
Verse 1.116.16 < [Chapter 116]
Verse 1.116.34 < [Chapter 116]
Verse 1.124.2 < [Chapter 124]
Verse 1.136.36 < [Chapter 136]
Verse 1.140.2 < [Chapter 140]
Verse 1.149.43 < [Chapter 149]
Verse 1.179.21 < [Chapter 179]
Verse 1.194.3 < [Chapter 194]
Verse 1.196.29 < [Chapter 196]
Verse 3.1.1.28 < [Chapter 1]
Verse 3.4.21.6 < [Chapter 21]
Verse 4.6.13 < [Chapter 6]
Verse 4.6.17 < [Chapter 6]
Verse 4.19.13 < [Chapter 19]