Sanskrit quote nr. 331 (Maha-subhashita-samgraha)
Sanskrit text:
अङ्गेन गात्रं नयनेन वक्त्रं न्यायेन राज्यं लवणेन भोज्यं ।
धर्मेण हीनं खलु जीवितं च न राजते चन्द्रमसा विना निशा ॥aṅgena gātraṃ nayanena vaktraṃ nyāyena rājyaṃ lavaṇena bhojyaṃ |
dharmeṇa hīnaṃ khalu jīvitaṃ ca na rājate candramasā vinā niśā ||
Index
Presented above is a Sanskrit aphorism, also known as a subhāṣita, which is at the very least, a literary piece of art. This page provides critical research material such as an anlaysis on the poetic meter used, an English translation, a glossary explaining technical terms, and a list of resources including print editions and digital links.
Glossary of Sanskrit terms
Note: Consider this as an approximate extraction of glossary words based on an experimental segmentation of the Sanskrit verse. Some could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned.
Anga (aṅga, अङ्ग): defined in 21 categories.
Gatra (gātra, गात्र): defined in 10 categories.
Nayana (नयन): defined in 15 categories.
Vaktra (वक्त्र): defined in 13 categories.
Nyayena (nyāyena, न्यायेन): defined in 1 categories.
Nyaya (nyāya, न्याय): defined in 14 categories.
Rajya (rājya, राज्य): defined in 12 categories.
Lavana (lavaṇa, लवण): defined in 16 categories.
Bhojya (भोज्य): defined in 10 categories.
Dharmena (dharmeṇa, धर्मेण): defined in 1 categories.
Dharma (धर्म): defined in 25 categories.
Hina (hīna, हीन): defined in 14 categories.
Khalu (खलु): defined in 6 categories.
Jivita (jīvita, जीवित): defined in 16 categories.
Ca (च): defined in 9 categories.
Na (न): defined in 12 categories.
Rajata (rājatā, राजता, rājata, राजत): defined in 10 categories.
Rajat (rājat, राजत्): defined in 3 categories.
Candramasa (candramasā, चन्द्रमसा): defined in 4 categories.
Vina (vinā, विना): defined in 21 categories.
Vi (वि, vī, वी): defined in 8 categories.
Nish (nis, niś, निश्): defined in 10 categories.
Defined according to the following glossaries/dictionaries: Hinduism, Jainism, Sanskrit, Pali, Vastushastra (architecture), Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma), Purana (epic history), Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy), Kavya (poetry), Ayurveda (science of life), Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology), Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar), Shaktism (Shakta philosophy), Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy), Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism), Theravada (major branch of Buddhism), India history, Marathi, Prakrit, Kannada, Ganitashastra (Mathematics and Algebra), Hindi, Nepali, Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism), Chandas (prosody, study of Sanskrit metres), Dharmashastra (religious law), Nyaya (school of philosophy), Nirukta (Sanskrit etymology), Jain philosophy, Arthashastra (politics and welfare), Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa), Buddhism, Yoga (school of philosophy), Ganapatya (worship of Ganesha), Mimamsa (school of philosophy), Vaisheshika (school of philosophy), Biology (plants and animals), Tamil, Shilpashastra (iconography), Rasashastra (chemistry and alchemy), Kosha (encyclopedic lexicons), Gitashastra (science of music), Kamashastra (the science of Love-making)
Analysis of Sanskrit grammar
Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit verse. If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.
- Line 1: “aṅgena gātraṃ nayanena vaktraṃ nyāyena rājyaṃ lavaṇena bhojyaṃ”
- aṅgena -
-
aṅga (noun, masculine)[instrumental single]aṅga (noun, neuter)[instrumental single]
- gātram -
-
gātra (noun, masculine)[adverb], [accusative single]gātra (noun, neuter)[adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]gātrā (noun, feminine)[adverb]
- nayanena -
-
nayana (noun, masculine)[instrumental single]nayana (noun, neuter)[instrumental single]
- vaktram -
-
vaktra (noun, masculine)[adverb], [accusative single]vaktra (noun, neuter)[adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
- nyāyena -
-
nyāyena (indeclinable)[indeclinable]nyāya (noun, masculine)[instrumental single]
- rājyam -
-
rājya (noun, masculine)[adverb], [accusative single]rājya (noun, neuter)[adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]rājyā (noun, feminine)[adverb]√rāj -> rājya (participle, masculine)[adverb from √rāj]√rāj -> rājya (participle, neuter)[adverb from √rāj]√rāj -> rājyā (participle, feminine)[adverb from √rāj]√rāj -> rājya (participle, masculine)[accusative single from √rāj class 1 verb], [accusative single from √rāj]√rāj -> rājya (participle, neuter)[nominative single from √rāj class 1 verb], [accusative single from √rāj class 1 verb], [nominative single from √rāj], [accusative single from √rāj]
- lavaṇena -
-
lavaṇa (noun, masculine)[instrumental single]lavaṇa (noun, neuter)[instrumental single]
- bhojyam -
-
bhojya (noun, masculine)[adverb], [accusative single]bhojya (noun, neuter)[adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]bhojyā (noun, feminine)[adverb]√bhuj -> bhojya (participle, masculine)[adverb from √bhuj]√bhuj -> bhojya (participle, neuter)[adverb from √bhuj]√bhuj -> bhojyā (participle, feminine)[adverb from √bhuj]√bhuj -> bhojya (participle, masculine)[accusative single from √bhuj]√bhuj -> bhojya (participle, neuter)[nominative single from √bhuj], [accusative single from √bhuj]
- Line 2: “dharmeṇa hīnaṃ khalu jīvitaṃ ca na rājate candramasā vinā niśā”
- dharmeṇa -
-
dharmeṇa (indeclinable)[indeclinable]dharma (noun, masculine)[instrumental single]
- hīnam -
-
hīna (noun, masculine)[adverb], [accusative single]hīna (noun, neuter)[adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]hīnā (noun, feminine)[adverb]√hā -> hīna (participle, masculine)[accusative single from √hā class 1 verb], [accusative single from √hā class 3 verb]√hā -> hīna (participle, neuter)[nominative single from √hā class 1 verb], [accusative single from √hā class 1 verb], [nominative single from √hā class 3 verb], [accusative single from √hā class 3 verb]
- khalu -
-
khalu (indeclinable)[indeclinable]
- jīvitam -
-
jīvita (noun, masculine)[adverb], [accusative single]jīvita (noun, neuter)[adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]jīvitā (noun, feminine)[adverb]√jīv -> jīvita (participle, masculine)[accusative single from √jīv class 1 verb]√jīv -> jīvita (participle, neuter)[nominative single from √jīv class 1 verb], [accusative single from √jīv class 1 verb]
- ca -
-
ca (indeclinable conjunction)[indeclinable conjunction]ca (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]ca (noun, neuter)[compound], [vocative single]
- na -
-
na (indeclinable particle)[indeclinable particle]na (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]na (noun, neuter)[compound], [vocative single]
- rājate -
-
rājatā (noun, feminine)[nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]rājata (noun, masculine)[locative single]rājata (noun, neuter)[nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]√rāj -> rājat (participle, masculine)[dative single from √rāj class 1 verb]√rāj -> rājat (participle, neuter)[dative single from √rāj class 1 verb]√rāj (verb class 1)[present middle third single]
- candramasā* -
-
candramasā (noun, feminine)[nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
- vinā -
-
vinā (indeclinable postposition)[indeclinable postposition]vi (noun, masculine)[instrumental single]vi (noun, neuter)[instrumental single]vī (noun, neuter)[instrumental single]
- niśā -
-
niś (noun, feminine)[instrumental single]niśā (noun, feminine)[nominative single]
About the Mahāsubhāṣitasaṃgraha
buy this bookThis quote is included within the Mahāsubhāṣitasaṃgraha (महासुभाषितसंग्रह, maha-subhashita-samgraha / subhasita-sangraha), which is a compendium of Sanskrit aphorisms (subhāṣita), collected from various sources. Subhāṣita is a genre of Sanskrit literature, exposing the vast and rich cultural heritage of ancient India.
It has serial number 331 and can be found on page . (read on archive.org)
Sanskrit is the oldest living language and bears testimony to the intellectual past of ancient India. Three major religions (Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) share this language, which is used for many of their holy books. Besides religious manuscripts, much of India’s ancient culture has been preserved in Sanskrit, covering topics such as Architecture, Music, Botany, Surgery, Ethics, Philosophy, Dance and much more.