Sanskrit quote nr. 322 (Maha-subhashita-samgraha)

Sanskrit text:

अङ्गुल्या कः कवाटं प्रहरति कुटिले माधवः किं वसन्तो नो चक्री किं कुलालो न हि धरणिधरः किं द्विजिह्वः फणीन्द्रः ।
नाहं घोराहिमर्दी किमसि खगपतिर्नो हरिः किं कपीन्द्रः इत्येवं गोपकन्याप्रतिवचनजितः पातु वश्चक्रपाणिः ॥

aṅgulyā kaḥ kavāṭaṃ praharati kuṭile mādhavaḥ kiṃ vasanto no cakrī kiṃ kulālo na hi dharaṇidharaḥ kiṃ dvijihvaḥ phaṇīndraḥ |
nāhaṃ ghorāhimardī kimasi khagapatirno hariḥ kiṃ kapīndraḥ ityevaṃ gopakanyāprativacanajitaḥ pātu vaścakrapāṇiḥ ||

Presented above is a Sanskrit aphorism, also known as a subhāṣita, which is at the very least, a literary piece of art. This page provides critical research material such as an anlaysis on the poetic meter used, an English translation, a glossary explaining technical terms, and a list of resources including print editions and digital links.

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: Consider this as an approximate extraction of glossary words based on an experimental segmentation of the Sanskrit verse. Some could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned.

Anguli (aṅguli, अङ्गुलि, aṅgulī, अङ्गुली): defined in 14 categories.
Ka (क): defined in 15 categories.
Kavata (kavāṭa, कवाट): defined in 8 categories.
Pra (प्र): defined in 6 categories.
Harat (हरत्): defined in 2 categories.
Kutila (kuṭila, कुटिल, kuṭilā, कुटिला): defined in 15 categories.
Madhava (mādhava, माधव): defined in 16 categories.
Kim (किम्): defined in 4 categories.
Vasanta (वसन्त): defined in 18 categories.
Nu (नु): defined in 1 categories.
Cakri (चक्रि, cakrī, चक्री): defined in 10 categories.
Kulala (kulāla, कुलाल): defined in 8 categories.
Na (न): defined in 12 categories.
Hi (हि): defined in 7 categories.
Dharanidhara (dharaṇidhara, धरणिधर): defined in 8 categories.
Dvijihva (द्विजिह्व): defined in 3 categories.
Phanindra (phaṇīndra, फणीन्द्र): defined in 4 categories.
Naha (nāha, नाह): defined in 4 categories.
Ghora (ghorā, घोरा): defined in 15 categories.
Mardin (मर्दिन्): defined in 4 categories.
Asi (asī, असी): defined in 16 categories.
Khagapati (खगपति): defined in 2 categories.
Asmad (अस्मद्): defined in 2 categories.
Hari (हरि): defined in 25 categories.
Kapindra (kapīndra, कपीन्द्र): defined in 1 categories.
Iti (इति): defined in 6 categories.
Itya (इत्य, ityā, इत्या): defined in 1 categories.
Evam (एवम्): defined in 8 categories.
Eva (एव): defined in 6 categories.
Gopakanya (gopakanyā, गोपकन्या): defined in 1 categories.
Prativacana (प्रतिवचन): defined in 2 categories.
Jit (जित्): defined in 3 categories.
Jita (जित): defined in 13 categories.
Va (व): defined in 11 categories.
Yushmad (yusmad, yuṣmad, युष्मद्): defined in 3 categories.
Cakrapani (cakrapāṇi, चक्रपाणि): defined in 6 categories.

Defined according to the following glossaries/dictionaries: Sanskrit, Pali, Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism), Vastushastra (architecture), Purana (epic history), Yoga (school of philosophy), Shaktism (Shakta philosophy), Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism), India history, Marathi, Prakrit, Kannada, Ganitashastra (Mathematics and Algebra), Arts (wordly enjoyments), Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology), Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar), Hindi, Biology (plants and animals), Tamil, Shilpashastra (iconography), Kavya (poetry), Ayurveda (science of life), Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy), Chandas (prosody, study of Sanskrit metres), Hinduism, Jainism, Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma), Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa), Theravada (major branch of Buddhism), Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy), Jain philosophy, Nepali, Dhanurveda (science of warfare), Vedanta (school of philosophy)

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit verse. If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

Line 1: “aṅgulyā kaḥ kavāṭaṃ praharati kuṭile mādhavaḥ kiṃ vasanto no cakrī kiṃ kulālo na hi dharaṇidharaḥ kiṃ dvijihvaḥ phaṇīndraḥ”
aṅgulyā -
aṅguli (noun, feminine)

[instrumental single]

aṅgulī (noun, feminine)

[instrumental single]
kaḥ -
kaḥ (indeclinable interrogative)

[indeclinable interrogative]

ka (noun, masculine)

[nominative single]

kaḥ (pronoun, masculine)

[nominative single]
kavāṭam -
kavāṭa (noun, masculine)

[adverb], [accusative single]

kavāṭa (noun, neuter)

[adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
pra -
pra (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]

pra (noun, neuter)

[compound], [vocative single]

pra (Preverb)

[Preverb]
harati -
√hṛ -> harat (participle, masculine)

[locative single from √hṛ class 1 verb]

√hṛ -> harat (participle, neuter)

[locative single from √hṛ class 1 verb]

√hṛ (verb class 1)

[present active third single]
kuṭile -
kuṭila (noun, masculine)

[locative single]

kuṭila (noun, neuter)

[nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]

kuṭilā (noun, feminine)

[nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
mādhavaḥ -
mādhava (noun, masculine)

[nominative single]
kim -
kim (indeclinable interrogative)

[indeclinable interrogative]

kim (indeclinable)

[indeclinable]

kim (pronoun, neuter)

[nominative single], [accusative single]
vasanto* -
vasanta (noun, masculine)

[nominative single]

√vas -> vasat (participle, masculine)

[nominative plural from √vas class 1 verb], [vocative plural from √vas class 1 verb]
no -
nu (noun, masculine)

[vocative single]
cakrī -
cakrī (noun, feminine)

[compound], [nominative single]

cakri (noun, masculine)

[nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]

cakri (noun, feminine)

[nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]

cakrin (noun, masculine)

[nominative single]
kim -
kim (indeclinable interrogative)

[indeclinable interrogative]

kim (indeclinable)

[indeclinable]

kim (pronoun, neuter)

[nominative single], [accusative single]
kulālo* -
kulāla (noun, masculine)

[nominative single]
na -
na (indeclinable particle)

[indeclinable particle]

na (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]

na (noun, neuter)

[compound], [vocative single]
hi -
hi (indeclinable particle)

[indeclinable particle]
dharaṇidharaḥ -
dharaṇidhara (noun, masculine)

[nominative single]
kim -
kim (indeclinable interrogative)

[indeclinable interrogative]

kim (indeclinable)

[indeclinable]

kim (pronoun, neuter)

[nominative single], [accusative single]
dvijihvaḥ -
dvijihva (noun, masculine)

[nominative single]
phaṇīndraḥ -
phaṇīndra (noun, masculine)

[nominative single]
Line 2: “nāhaṃ ghorāhimardī kimasi khagapatirno hariḥ kiṃ kapīndraḥ ityevaṃ gopakanyāprativacanajitaḥ pātu vaścakrapāṇiḥ”
nāham -
nāha (noun, masculine)

[adverb], [accusative single]
ghorā -
ghorā (noun, feminine)

[nominative single]
hi -
hi (indeclinable particle)

[indeclinable particle]
mardī -
mardin (noun, masculine)

[nominative single]
kim -
kim (indeclinable interrogative)

[indeclinable interrogative]

kim (indeclinable)

[indeclinable]

kim (pronoun, neuter)

[nominative single], [accusative single]
asi -
asi (noun, feminine)

[compound], [adverb]

asi (noun, masculine)

[compound], [adverb]

asī (noun, feminine)

[adverb], [vocative single]

√as (verb class 2)

[present active second single]
khagapatir -
khagapati (noun, masculine)

[nominative single]
no* -
na (noun, masculine)

[nominative single]

asmad (pronoun, none)

[accusative plural], [dative plural], [genitive plural]
hariḥ -
hari (noun, masculine)

[nominative single]

hari (noun, feminine)

[nominative single]
kim -
kim (indeclinable interrogative)

[indeclinable interrogative]

kim (indeclinable)

[indeclinable]

kim (pronoun, neuter)

[nominative single], [accusative single]
kapīndraḥ -
kapīndra (noun, masculine)

[nominative single]
itye -
iti (indeclinable particle)

[indeclinable particle]

iti (noun, feminine)

[compound], [adverb], [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]

itya (noun, masculine)

[locative single]

itya (noun, neuter)

[nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]

ityā (noun, feminine)

[nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]

√i -> itya (participle, masculine)

[locative single from √i class 2 verb]

√i -> itya (participle, neuter)

[nominative dual from √i class 2 verb], [vocative dual from √i class 2 verb], [accusative dual from √i class 2 verb], [locative single from √i class 2 verb]

√i -> ityā (participle, feminine)

[nominative dual from √i class 2 verb], [vocative single from √i class 2 verb], [vocative dual from √i class 2 verb], [accusative dual from √i class 2 verb]
evam -
evam (indeclinable adverb)

[indeclinable adverb]

evam (indeclinable)

[indeclinable]

eva (noun, masculine)

[adverb], [accusative single]

eva (noun, neuter)

[adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]

evā (noun, feminine)

[adverb]
gopakanyā -
gopakanyā (noun, feminine)

[nominative single]
prativacana -
prativacana (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]

prativacana (noun, neuter)

[compound], [vocative single]
jitaḥ -
jit (noun, masculine)

[nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural], [ablative single], [genitive single]

jit (noun, neuter)

[ablative single], [genitive single]

jita (noun, masculine)

[nominative single]

√ji -> jita (participle, masculine)

[nominative single from √ji class 1 verb], [nominative single from √ji class 9 verb]
pātu -
pātu (noun, masculine)

[compound], [adverb]

√pā (verb class 2)

[imperative active third single]

√pā (verb class 2)

[imperative active third single]
vaś -
va (noun, masculine)

[nominative single]

yuṣmad (pronoun, none)

[accusative plural], [dative plural], [genitive plural]
cakrapāṇiḥ -
cakrapāṇi (noun, masculine)

[nominative single]

About the Mahāsubhāṣitasaṃgraha

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This quote is included within the Mahāsubhāṣitasaṃgraha (महासुभाषितसंग्रह, maha-subhashita-samgraha / subhasita-sangraha), which is a compendium of Sanskrit aphorisms (subhāṣita), collected from various sources. Subhāṣita is a genre of Sanskrit literature, exposing the vast and rich cultural heritage of ancient India.

It has serial number 322 and can be found on page . (read on archive.org)

Sanskrit is the oldest living language and bears testimony to the intellectual past of ancient India. Three major religions (Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) share this language, which is used for many of their holy books. Besides religious manuscripts, much of India’s ancient culture has been preserved in Sanskrit, covering topics such as Architecture, Music, Botany, Surgery, Ethics, Philosophy, Dance and much more.

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Last Updated: 22 April, 2019