Sanskrit quote nr. 19 (Maha-subhashita-samgraha)

Sanskrit text:

अकरुणत्वमकारणविग्रहः परधनापहृतिः परयोषितः ।
स्वजनबन्धुजनेष्वसहिष्णुता प्रकृतिसिधमिदं हि दुरात्मनाम् ॥

akaruṇatvamakāraṇavigrahaḥ paradhanāpahṛtiḥ parayoṣitaḥ |
svajanabandhujaneṣvasahiṣṇutā prakṛtisidhamidaṃ hi durātmanām ||

⏑⏑⏑¦⎼⏑⏑¦⎼⏑⏑¦⎼⏑⎼¦¦⏑⏑⏑¦⎼⏑⏑¦⎼⏑⏑¦⎼⏑⎼¦¦
⏑⏑⏑¦⎼⏑⏑¦⎼⏑⏑¦⎼⏑⎼¦¦⏑⏑⏑¦⎼⏑⏑¦⎼⏑⏑¦⎼⏑⎼¦¦

Meter name: Drutavilambita (or Hariṇapluta); Type: Akṣaracchanda (sama); 12 syllables per quarter (pāda).

Primary English translation:

“Want of compassion, want on pugnacity/plunder of other men’s wealth and wives, impatience with good men and kinsmen alike; all are in the nature of wicked men.”
(translation by B. S. Miller)
Secondary translations:
“Hartherzigkeit, grundloses Streiten, Raub fremden Gutes und Weibes, Unduldsamkeit gegen gute Menschen und Verwandte: dies ist ja den Bösen schon von Natur eigen.”
(translation by Otto Böhtlingk)

Presented above is a Sanskrit aphorism, also known as a subhāṣita, which is at the very least, a literary piece of art. This page provides critical research material such as an anlaysis on the poetic meter used, an English translation, a glossary explaining technical terms, and a list of resources including print editions and digital links.

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: Consider this as an approximate extraction of glossary words based on an experimental segmentation of the Sanskrit verse. Some could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned.

Akarunatva (akaruṇatva, अकरुणत्व): defined in 1 categories.
Akarana (akāraṇa, अकारण): defined in 6 categories.
Vigraha (विग्रह): defined in 14 categories.
Paradhana (परधन): defined in 3 categories.
Apahriti (apahrti, apahṛti, अपहृति): defined in 2 categories.
Parayoshit (parayosit, parayoṣit, परयोषित्): defined in 1 categories.
Svajana (स्वजन): defined in 9 categories.
Bandhujana (बन्धुजन): defined in 4 categories.
Asahishnuta (asahisnuta, asahiṣṇutā, असहिष्णुता): defined in 1 categories.
Dhami (धमि): defined in 3 categories.
Da (द): defined in 7 categories.
Hi (हि): defined in 7 categories.
Duratman (durātman, दुरात्मन्): defined in 5 categories.

Defined according to the following glossaries/dictionaries: Sanskrit, Pali, Marathi, Prakrit, Hindi, Kannada, Jainism, Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism), Shilpashastra (iconography), Purana (epic history), Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar), Shaktism (Shakta philosophy), Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy), Dharmashastra (religious law), Pancaratra (worship of Nārāyaṇa), Nepali, Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology), Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism), Biology (plants and animals), India history, Tamil

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit verse. If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

Line 1: “akaruṇatvamakāraṇavigrahaḥ paradhanāpahṛtiḥ parayoṣitaḥ”
akaruṇatvam -
akaruṇatva (noun, neuter)

[adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
akāraṇa -
akāraṇa (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]

akāraṇa (noun, neuter)

[compound], [vocative single]
vigrahaḥ -
vigraha (noun, masculine)

[nominative single]
paradhanā -
paradhana (noun, neuter)

[compound], [vocative single]
apahṛtiḥ -
apahṛti (noun, feminine)

[nominative single]
parayoṣitaḥ -
parayoṣit (noun, feminine)

[nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural], [ablative single], [genitive single]
Line 2: “svajanabandhujaneṣvasahiṣṇutā prakṛtisidhamidaṃ hi durātmanām”
svajana -
svajana (noun, masculine)

[compound], [vocative single]
bandhujaneṣva -
bandhujana (noun, masculine)

[locative plural]
asahiṣṇutā -
asahiṣṇutā (noun, feminine)

[nominative single]
prakṛti -
prakṛti (noun, feminine)

[compound], [adverb]
si -
si (noun, feminine)

[compound], [adverb]
dhami -
dhami (noun, feminine)

[compound], [adverb]

dhami (noun, masculine)

[compound], [adverb]

dhami (noun, neuter)

[compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
dam -
da (noun, masculine)

[adverb], [accusative single]

da (noun, neuter)

[adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]

dā (noun, feminine)

[adverb]

dā (noun, masculine)

[adverb]
hi -
hi (indeclinable particle)

[indeclinable particle]
durātmanām -
durātman (noun, masculine)

[genitive plural]

durātman (noun, neuter)

[genitive plural]

durātmanā (noun, feminine)

[accusative single]

Sources

This quote is contained within the following Sanskrit literary sources:

Śatakatraya 61: Literally “The three hundred”, referring to the three collections of hundred verses of Sanskrit poetry contained within this work. They are named, repsectively, Nītiśataka, Śṛṅgāraśataka and Vairāgyaśataka. The common term śataka in all sections refers to the “hundred” verses. The book was written by Bhartṛhari.
More info

Subhāṣitaratnabhāṇḍāgāra 59.217: Literally, “Gems of Sanskrit poetry”. This work is a recent compilation of more than 10,000 Subhāṣitas, or ‘sanskrit aphorisms’. The book was compiled by Nārāyaṇa Rāma Ācārya in 1952.
More info

Subhāṣitaratnākara 26.53: Literally “Ocean of polite phrases”. A collection of Sanskrit subhāṣitas (epigrammatic sayings). The book was compiled by Kṛṣṇaśāstrin Bhātavadekara.
More info

Indische Sprüchen 3: Collection of Sanskrit subhāṣitas (proverbial verses) with German translation. The book was written by Otto Böhtlingk in 1870.
More info

Subhāṣitasaṃgraha 95: Literally “Collected discourses”. A collection of 273 Sanskrit sayings including Gujaratī prose explanations. The book was compiled by Puruṣottama Mayārāma Paṇḍyā in 1886.
More info

Authorship

Bhartṛhari (5th century) is the author of the Śatakatraya. A Sanskrit writer of influential Sanskrit texts.

Nārāyaṇa Rāma Ācārya (1900 A.D.) is the compiler of the Subhāṣitaratnabhāṇḍāgāra, into which he included this quote.

Kṛṣṇaśāstrin Bhātavadekara is the compiler of the Subhāṣitaratnākara, into which he included this quote.

Otto Böhtlingk (1815) is the author of the Indische Sprüchen.

Puruṣottama Mayārāma Paṇḍyā (19th century) is the compiler of the Subhāṣitasaṃgraha, into which he included this quote.

About the Mahāsubhāṣitasaṃgraha

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This quote is included within the Mahāsubhāṣitasaṃgraha (महासुभाषितसंग्रह, maha-subhashita-samgraha / subhasita-sangraha), which is a compendium of Sanskrit aphorisms (subhāṣita), collected from various sources. Subhāṣita is a genre of Sanskrit literature, exposing the vast and rich cultural heritage of ancient India.

It has serial number 19 and can be found on page 4. (read on archive.org)

Sanskrit is the oldest living language and bears testimony to the intellectual past of ancient India. Three major religions (Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) share this language, which is used for many of their holy books. Besides religious manuscripts, much of India’s ancient culture has been preserved in Sanskrit, covering topics such as Architecture, Music, Botany, Surgery, Ethics, Philosophy, Dance and much more.

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Last Updated: 17 April, 2017