Charles-Henry Pradelles de Latour: Doubt and Paternities
Journal name: Archives De Sciences Sociales Des Religions
Original article title: Charles-Henry Pradelles de Latour, Incroyance et paternités
The journal “Archives of Social Sciences of Religions” publishes advanced research on religion in French, English, and Spanish. It studies the sociology of religions and religious traditions or theologies. It is supported by the INSHS-CNRS (“Institut des Sciences Humaines et Sociales”)
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Subtitle: Paris, Epel, 2001, 232 p. (bibliogr., glossaire, index, tablx.)
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Martine Gross
Archives De Sciences Sociales Des Religions:
(Founded in 1956 and published quarterly”)
Full text available for: Charles-Henry Pradelles de Latour, Incroyance et paternités
Year: 2003 | Doi: 10.4000/assr.910
Copyright (license): © Archives de sciences sociales des religions
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The text discusses Charles-Henry Pradelles de Latour's work, "Incroyance et paternités," published in 2001. This publication analyzes the interplay between belief systems and kinship structures, particularly focusing on how different types of parenthood—patrilineal and matrilineal—are informed by specific belief systems. The author emphasizes the role that non-belief (incroyance) plays within these systems and explores the diverse ways in which marriage alliances are structured in different cultures, providing insight into the dynamics of male authority and child-rearing practices.
The Complexities of Patrilineal and Matrilineal Systems
In patrilineal societies, kinship is traced through male lineage, establishing a direct and authoritative role for fathers. This format emphasizes the father's physical and social connection to his children, further solidifying his position as a provider and protector. The concept that the father and children share the same blood and lineage reinforces a paternal authority that supports societal cohesion and stability. Pradelles de Latour points out that in these systems, religion underpins the structure of kinship, suggesting that the father’s role also embodies a representation of ancestral spirits, enhancing his power within the family and community.
Magic and Matrilineal Systems
Conversely, matrilineal systems operate under a different framework where ancestry is traced through the mother. In this context, a child typically belongs to the mother's lineage, and the father is viewed as an outsider with limited influence. Here, belief in magic rather than religion becomes significant, illustrating a different form of paternal function characterized by fluidity and autonomy in relationships. This structure allows for more egalitarian dynamics between genders, as women's roles are afforded more respect and cultural significance. The father’s relationship with the children becomes more symbolic, fostering a lesser degree of obligation and thus frequently resulting in unstable marital unions.
Conclusion
In his work, Pradelles de Latour raises fundamental questions regarding contemporary parallels between historical kinship systems and current societal structures. Through the lens of incertitude and cultural evolution, he suggests that the transformation of paternal roles may lead to a modern-day reconfiguration toward matrilinear dynamics. This exploration not only reveals the intricate relationship between belief systems and kinship but also invites a reevaluation of how these ancient systems may resonate within the evolving constructs of modern societies.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the main focus of Charles-Henry Pradelles de Latour's book?
The book explores how beliefs influence kinship systems, particularly the concepts of paternity in matrilineal and patrilineal societies, and examines the role of disbelief in these systems.
How does patrilinearity affect the father's role in society?
In patrilineal societies, the father shares blood ties with his children, holds authority over them, supports their survival, and represents their lineage, making his role crucial in familial and societal structures.
What is the role of the maternal uncle in matrilineal systems?
In matrilineal societies, the maternal uncle plays a significant role in child-rearing, owning land, and ensuring the children’s integration into the familial group, while the biological father remains an outsider.
How are magic and religion differentiated in the context of kinship?
Magic is associated with individual practices and impersonal powers, while religion involves a community and sacred intermediaries, showcasing different approaches to navigating kinship and societal norms.
Is there a possibility of parallels between ancient and modern paternity?
The author suggests that modern individualism and the separation of sexuality from procreation may reflect a shift towards matrilineal paternity roles, similar to those observed in traditional societies.
Glossary definitions and references:
Theological and religious glossary list for “Charles-Henry Pradelles de Latour: Doubt and Paternities”. The list explains important keywords that occur in this and other scholarly articles. It is also linked to the glossary for understanding that concept in the context of History, Religion, Philosophy, Theology, Sociology etc.
1) Child (Children):
A ‘child’ is defined not merely by biological connection but also by the roles they inhabit within familial and social structures. In patrilineal societies, they are influenced heavily by their father's authority, while in matrilineal systems, their identity can be mediated by maternal connections.
2) Magic:
Magic represents an impersonal power, allowing individuals to engage with the world beyond immediate realities. Yet, unlike religion, which forms a structured community, magic emphasizes personal interactions and individual agency, leading to diverse practices that mediate between the worldly and the transcendent.
3) Religion:
Religion functions as a structured belief system, bringing together a community of faithful individuals who share sacred objects and rituals. The relationship between religion and kinship is significant, as both provide frameworks through which individuals and groups form their identities, confront existential questions, and perceive their connections to a divine or higher power.
4) Lineage:
Lineage is the basis of kinship systems, determining how identities are constructed through familial ties. In patrilineal societies, lineage dictates that one’s social standing and community belonging are closely tied to paternal bloodlines, while in matrilineal systems, lineage is traced through mothers, leading to distinct relational dynamics within families.
5) Woman (Women):
The status of ‘women’ within cultural contexts of marriage and kinship reflects broader societal attitudes toward gender roles. Their experiences within both patriarchal and matriarchal systems reveal various dimensions of power, respect, and freedom, particularly regarding choice in marital alliances and family dynamics.
6) Paris:
[see source text or glossary: Paris]
7) Experience:
The term 'experience' encompasses the lived realities of individuals navigating cultural intersections, especially regarding identity and belief systems. This understanding is crucial in the context of how women in diverse societies engage with Islam and redefine their roles based on personal and communal insights.
8) Substance:
The concept of 'substance' is key in understanding relationships within kinship systems, particularly in patrilineal societies, where the biological connection—‘substance’ shared through blood—determines social roles and responsibilities of fathers and children, shaping the essence of familial authority.
9) External:
The term ‘external’ refers to the positioning of some kinship roles, particularly in matrilineal societies, where a father is deemed an outsider to his children’s maternal lineage. This highlights the contrasting familial structures and emphasizes the complexity of paternal roles across cultural contexts.
10) Identity:
Identity is shaped significantly through kinship systems, revealing itself in the connections between individuals within their lineage and larger community. The roles of fathers, mothers, and children are intricately interwoven, impacting how individuals perceive themselves and relate to their cultural heritage.
11) Worldly:
The term 'worldly' characterizes the tangible, social aspects of life, opposing the spiritual or religious realms. In discussions of magic and religion, worldly objects and experiences intersect with belief systems, creating a complex fabric of understanding that shapes personal and communal identities.
12) Power:
‘Power’ within familial systems can manifest through authority held by fathers or maternal uncles in patrilineal and matrilineal societies, respectively. This dynamic influences the well-being and social standing of individuals and underlines the various ways in which personal and inherited power is enacted in different cultural contexts.
13) Blood:
'Blood' signifies the biological and cultural ties that bind families together, particularly in patrilineal societies where lineage and inheritance are traced through male descendants. This concept plays a critical role in defining relationships and social standing within various kinship systems.
14) Hope:
'Hope' is a sentiment expressed regarding the future of religion and kinship; it suggests the possibility of renewal and adaptation of beliefs, affirming the idea that communities can evolve and integrate tradition with contemporary realities despite historical challenges.
15) Human Realm (Human World):
'Human world' refers to the social and cultural realities faced by individuals within various belief systems. It encompasses the relationships, struggles, and agency of people, particularly in contexts where religion, magic, and kinship intersect, shaping identities and moral frameworks.
16) Destruction:
‘Destruction’ in the context of religious and magical practices often pertains to the loss of sacred or magical objects. This concept underscores the significance attributed to the preservation of these entities and the potential decline of power and beliefs associated with their non-existence.
17) Possession:
‘Possession’ relates to the ownership of magical and sacred objects within different belief systems, and how these objects function to establish relationships with the divine or the beyond. This concept reveals the intricate balance between personal agency and communal identity.
18) Evolution:
‘Evolution’ pertains to the transformative changes within kinship and belief systems, reflecting broader societal shifts. The transitions observed in paternal roles and perceptions of family structures indicate a continuous adaptation of traditional practices to align with contemporary values.
19) Sacrifice:
'Sacrifice' is a religious concept that involves offering an object to represent a larger reality, often at the heart of ritual practices. It highlights the connection between the immanent and the transcendent, demonstrating how cultural beliefs shape practices related to relationships, kinship, and community.
20) Spiritual:
'Spiritual' elements in belief systems delineate the connections to the sacred and transcendent that influence individual and communal identities. These aspects often provide grounding for moral frameworks and guidance in navigating the complexities of modern existence.
21) Marriage:
In traditional societies, ‘marriage’ serves as a critical structure for establishing lineage and kinship networks, influencing power dynamics and social identity. Its norms vary between patrilineal and matrilineal systems, shaping the roles and responsibilities of men and women.
22) Exercise:
[see source text or glossary: Exercise]
23) Unstable:
'Unstable' refers to the nature of marital alliances in certain kinship systems, particularly matrilineal ones, where relationships can change rapidly. This characteristic allows for greater freedom in partnerships but raises questions about long-term commitments and societal structures.
24) Leaf (Leaves):
The term 'leaves' signifies the transition of women from their family of origin to a husband’s lineage upon marriage. This shift is crucial in understanding how familial ties and identities shift across generations, impacting social roles and expectations.
25) Sex (Sexual):
'Sexual' relations are intricately tied to procreation and identity within kinship systems, influencing societal norms regarding marriage, roles, and family structures. Distinctions between patrilineal and matrilineal societies shape how sexuality is perceived and engaged with.
26) Drama:
‘Drama’ can manifest in human relationships, especially regarding magical practices, which produce unpredictable outcomes. The concept highlights the stakes involved in personal and communal belief systems and how conflicts arise from unmet expectations in both magical and religious contexts.
27) Heart:
'Heart' often symbolizes the core of religious beliefs and practices, representing the emotional and spiritual dimensions of faith. It encompasses the underlying motivations that drive individuals and communities in their pursuit of meaning, connection, and identity.
28) Night:
'Night' symbolizes the mystical aspects of belief systems, particularly in witchcraft that addresses fears, malevolence, and the unknown. It reflects the darker dimensions of human experience and the complexities of navigating relationships with the beyond.
29) Human:
'Human' interactions within belief systems discover a spectrum of emotional, social, and spiritual experiences. This recognition highlights the importance of individual agency, the search for identity, and the continuous evolution of traditions and practices across cultures.
30) Lead:
'Lead' signifies the role of individuals or beliefs in guiding others, often manifesting through cultural or familial positions. This concept underscores the relational dynamics within communities and how traditional practices shape the pathways individuals take in their spiritual and social journeys.