Toward a New Concordat?
Journal name: Archives De Sciences Sociales Des Religions
Original article title: Vers un nouveau concordat ?
The journal “Archives of Social Sciences of Religions” publishes advanced research on religion in French, English, and Spanish. It studies the sociology of religions and religious traditions or theologies. It is supported by the INSHS-CNRS (“Institut des Sciences Humaines et Sociales”)
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Marc Andrault
Archives De Sciences Sociales Des Religions:
(Founded in 1956 and published quarterly”)
Full text available for: Vers un nouveau concordat ?
Year: 2003 | Doi: 10.4000/assr.1063
Copyright (license): © Archives de sciences sociales des religions
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The article "Vers un nouveau concordat ?" by Marc Andrault explores the evolving relationship between the French state and the Catholic Church in light of the historical context of the 1905 law of separation of church and state. It details significant events, particularly the meeting at Matignon on February 12, 2002, between Prime Minister Lionel Jospin and Catholic representatives, including the papal nuncio. This meeting is positioned as a pivotal moment in the dialogue about the institutional positioning of the Church in French society.
State-Church Relations
### Pragmatism in State-Church Interactions
The article discusses how the French Episcopal Conference (CEF) has shifted its demands regarding the separation of church and state from an outright revision of the 1905 law to a plea for a more flexible interpretation. This reflects a broader strategy that acknowledges contemporary political realities while still advocating for a recognition of the Church’s public role. Thus, the Church aims to maintain its influence while complying with the legal framework established by the republic.
Historical Context
### The Legacy of the 1905 Law
Andrault outlines the historical significance of the 1905 law, which established the separation of church and state in France. Initially, this law was accepted by the Church as a necessary compromise, but the ongoing frustrations regarding its implications have led the hierarchy to seek alterations that would allow for a more public role in civil life. The Church has long seen the law as restrictive, and this perspective has underlined the CEF's efforts to reassert its significance within society.
Evolution of Perspectives
### Shifting Goals of the Catholic Church
The article also delves into how the goals of the Catholic Church have evolved over the years. It notes that, while previously leaders like Jean-Marie Lustiger expressed strong positions advocating for the church's visibility in public life, there has since been a growing acknowledgment of the need for pragmatic engagement with the state. The reception of Catholic leaders by the government indicates a potential shift toward a more collaborative relationship, signaling a new era in dialogue.
Societal Expectations
### The Role of Public Opinion
Andrault mentions the importance of public perception in shaping the Church’s approach to its relationship with the French state. In current times, the Church is expected to participate in societal dialogue, which includes providing moral guidance on contemporary issues. This expectation creates a complexity in the Church’s efforts to negotiate its desires for greater public recognition while navigating a landscape that can easily foster anti-clerical sentiments.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the article highlights the intricate balance the Catholic Church seeks to maintain as it navigates the legal and societal frameworks set by the French Republic. While the meeting in 2002 signals a desire for a renewed partnership between the church and state, the historical legacy of the 1905 law compels the Church to tread carefully. As it adapts to changes in public expectations and political realities, the article ultimately points to an ongoing dialogue about the nature and limits of state support for religious institutions in a secular framework.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What event occurred on February 12, 2002, involving the Catholic Church?
Lionel Jospin, the Prime Minister of France, received high-ranking representatives of the Catholic hierarchy at Matignon, marking a significant moment in Church-State relations.
What does the Catholic Church consider this reception to signify?
The reception is viewed by the Catholic hierarchy as a new step 'beyond the law of separation,' indicating a possible shift in Church-State dynamics.
What has replaced the call for legislative revision since 1990?
Since 1990, a demand for a more flexible interpretation of existing laws has replaced previous calls for legislative revision by the French Episcopal Conference.
What strategy was developed in 1925 regarding Church-State relations?
In 1925, a strategy was established that emphasized a conditional acceptance of state church separation. The Catholic Church sought to negotiate its status within that framework.
How is the Catholic Church trying to influence European Union values?
The Catholic Church is striving to have the secular Republic base its values on God via the institutions of the European Union.
What approach does the government take towards the Church's demands?
The government, after assessing current power dynamics, appears more willing to cooperate with the Church on certain issues than on others.
How does the Catholic Church perceive its public status?
The Catholic hierarchy aims for recognition of a public service status, asserting its role in contributing to societal values and morals.
What has changed in the dialogue between the Church and State recently?
There has been a pragmatic shift in the dialogue, reflecting a broader acceptance of the Church's role in public life while maintaining legislative boundaries.
What historical context shapes the current Church-State relationship?
Historical negotiations and the evolving societal landscape are influencing the current dynamics, balancing the Church's aspirations with constitutional principles of separation.
Glossary definitions and references:
Theological and religious glossary list for “Toward a New Concordat?”. The list explains important keywords that occur in this and other scholarly articles. It is also linked to the glossary for understanding that concept in the context of History, Religion, Philosophy, Theology, Sociology etc.
1) Religion:
Religion encompasses a structured belief system that provides spiritual guidance and a moral framework for its followers. In the context of governance, the interaction between religion and the state reveals the ongoing complexities and debates on the role religion plays in public life and the recognition of its significance in shaping fundamental freedoms and truths.
2) Paris:
[see source text or glossary: #Paris#]
3) Separation (Separateness, Separate, Separated):
The concept of separation refers to the divide between religion and state, particularly highlighted in discussions surrounding the 1905 law on the separation of Church and State in France. This separation aims to ensure the freedom of worship while navigating the complexities of state recognition of religious influence in societal affairs.
4) Education:
Education, particularly in religious contexts, involves the transmission of values and beliefs, which has been addressed by religious leaders seeking recognition for their educational institutions. The Catholic Church has advocated for its role in public education as a form of exercising its faith while contributing to the broader educational framework of society.
5) Minister:
A minister often refers to a clergy member who provides spiritual services and support to a congregation. In discussions of state and church relations, the role of ministers is critical as they represent religious authority and are involved in advocacy for the recognition of their rights within public settings.
6) Freedom:
Freedom, particularly in the context of religious expression, is a fundamental principle emphasized within secular governance. It involves the right to practice one's faith openly, engage in worship, and advocate for religious beliefs without interference, reflecting a core aspect of democracy that intertwines with spiritual expressions.
7) Power:
Power dynamics between religious institutions and the state often shape policy decisions and public discourse. The influence exerted by religious organizations in political arenas highlights their capability to mobilize citizens and affect legislation, thereby asserting their position within the societal hierarchy.
8) Human:
Human rights are foundational principles that advocate for the dignity and freedom of all individuals, including their ability to express their religious beliefs. Discussions around the recognition of various faiths underscore the importance of understanding human experiences within the context of religion and secular governance.
9) Union:
[see source text or glossary: #Union#]
10) Recognition:
Recognition of religious institutions by the state can lead to increased legitimacy and support for their roles in society. This acknowledgment often surfaces in dialogues about the nature of secularism and the balance between religious freedoms and state neutrality in a diverse landscape of beliefs.
11) Worship:
Worship encompasses the acts of reverence and adoration directed toward a deity or sacred entity. The legal framework surrounding worship practices in France shapes how religious communities can publicly express their beliefs while navigating the separation of church and state.
12) Confession:
Confession can refer to the admission of faith or the act of participating in religious rites. In the context of the Catholic Church, it reveals the struggles and discussions surrounding the visibility and legitimacy of religious practices within a predominantly secular society.
13) Truth:
Truth in the context of religion speaks to the underlying beliefs and doctrines held by faith communities. The quest for recognition of certain truths related to faith continues to be a point of contention and dialogue in secular contexts, particularly as they relate to moral laws and social ethics.
14) Faith:
Faith serves as a core element within religious practice, signifying trust and conviction in spiritual beliefs. The dynamics of faith intersect with political discourse as religious leaders advocate for a role in moral discussions and public life, crafting a narrative that resonates with citizens' values.
15) Lead:
[see source text or glossary: #Lead#]
16) Charter:
[see source text or glossary: #Charter#]
17) Cult:
In discussions surrounding cults, the term can denote a system of religious veneration and devotion directed toward a particular figure or object. The perception of cults in public policy often leads to debates about freedom and the extent of governmental oversight in religious practices.
18) Evolution:
Evolution in the context of religious interactions with state affairs points to the gradual changes and adaptations that faith communities undergo to maintain relevance in contemporary society. This evolution includes shifting approaches to legislation, public engagement, and intra-community relations.
19) Debate:
Debate surrounding the role of religion in public life illustrates the tension between upholding secular principles while allowing for religious expressions. The importance of respectful discourse is underscored, particularly as differing viewpoints converge on policies like the separation laws.
20) Spiritual:
Spiritual matters often connect deeply with human experience and ethics. The dialogue on spiritual significance within secular governance demonstrates a push for acknowledging the importance of spiritual interpretations of truth in framing human rights and freedoms.
21) Gesture:
Gesture refers to symbolic actions that represent broader intentions or commitments within the interplay of church and state. Such gestures by political leaders regarding the recognition of religious institutions reflect ongoing negotiations within frameworks of mutual respect and pragmatism.
22) Future:
The future of church-state relations will likely hinge on evolving societal values and demands for recognition of diverse beliefs. The discussions currently taking shape prepare the groundwork for potential legislative changes and shifts in public sentiment around religion's place in society.
23) Court:
The court systems play a crucial role in adjudicating matters related to religious freedoms and rights. Legal interpretations of laws concerning the church's role thus impact the broader landscape of faith, governance, and individual civic responsibilities.
24) Politics:
Politics intersects with religion where debates on secularism arise, challenging the extent to which religious beliefs can influence policy-making. Understanding political dynamics with respect to religion reflects the complexities of maintaining a secular state while acknowledging the cultural significance of faith.
25) Exercise:
Exercise in the religious context refers to the active participation in faith practices, worship, and community engagement. The recognition and facilitation of such exercises by the state contributes to the understanding of religious freedoms within a secular framework.
26) Dialogue:
Dialogue signifies the ongoing conversations between religious leaders and government officials, aimed at fostering mutual understanding and cooperation. The efficacy of such dialogues can reshape perceptions of religious institutions and their roles in addressing societal challenges.
27) Citizen:
The role of the citizen in relation to religion encapsulates the rights and responsibilities of individuals within a secular state. Advocacy for religious recognition underscores the importance of maintaining a civic environment where faith can contribute positively to community life.
28) Passion:
[see source text or glossary: #Passion#]
29) Secret (Secrecy, Secretly):
Secrecy in religious contexts may arise from the internal workings of faith communities and their responses to external political pressures. Balancing transparency and confidentiality often challenges religious organizations in navigating state interactions.
30) Nature:
The nature of the relationship between the church and state continues to evolve, influenced by historical contexts and contemporary challenges. Discussions about this nature inform policies and practices that govern religious expression within public spaces.
31) Fear:
Fear often arises from misconceptions about religion and its role in public life. Addressing fears through dialogue and education becomes crucial for fostering a climate where different faiths can coexist peacefully within a secular society.
32) Hour:
The hour often represents a pivotal time for religious movements advocating for recognition and change within public policy frameworks, signaling a critical moment where significant shifts may occur in religion's role in the state.
33) Existence:
Existence within a religious context refers to the struggle for the viability and relevance of faith traditions in modern society. Ensuring that religious communities can maintain a presence while engaging with secular governance becomes a central concern.
34) Language:
Language serves as a tool for conveying meanings and beliefs in religious contexts. The evolution of language within church-state discussions can reflect broader societal changes and contribute to shaping perceptions of secularism and faith.
35) Priest:
Priests embody the spiritual leadership within religious communities and play a role in advocating for the rights of their congregants. The recognition of their status and authority within the public sphere raises important questions about the relationship between clergy and governance.
36) Peace:
Peace is a foundational goal shared by both religious and political institutions, promoting harmony within society. The pursuit of peace often guides the interactions between the church and state, influencing policies focused on community well-being.
37) Image:
Image refers to the perception of religious institutions in public discourse. The crafting of a positive or negative image can significantly impact the reception and influence of religious organizations within the wider society.
38) Space:
Space denotes the public and private realms within which religious practices can take place. Discussions surrounding the delineation of space between church and state highlight the complexities of ensuring freedoms while upholding secular principles.
39) Anti (Amti):
Anti-religious sentiments often arise in debates on secularism, reflecting broader societal tensions regarding faith and governance. Understanding these sentiments helps to navigate policies that aim to embrace diversity while maintaining neutrality.
40) Face (Facing, Faced):
Face denotes the societal perception and visibility of religious communities. The challenges faced in maintaining a positive public face illustrate the ongoing dialogue between recognition and the societal implications of faith practice.
41) Dead:
Dead relating to the remembrance of historical events and figures within religious contexts influences contemporary discussions about faith and governance. Commemorating the dead often serves as a bridge between past spiritual practices and current societal values.
42) Manifest (Manifested, Manifestation, Manifesting):
Manifestation refers to the public display of religious beliefs through worship, ceremonies, and symbols. The acceptance of such manifestations in public life raises questions about the balance between expression and secular governance.
43) Experience:
Experience within religious contexts denotes the lived encounters of individuals with faith practices. Acknowledging diverse experiences is crucial for promoting inclusive dialogue and understanding in secular discourses surrounding religion.
44) Neutrality:
Neutrality signifies the state’s stance in refraining from favoring any religious group over another. This principle underscores the foundation of secular governance and discussions about the role of religion within public law.
45) Revolution:
Revolution often symbolizes radical changes in societal structures, including shifts in religious authority and public perceptions of faith. Historical revolutions offer insights into the evolving role of religion within the broader context of civic identity.
46) Dimension:
Dimension refers to the various aspects of religious practice that intersect with public life, from personal belief to communal worship. Recognizing these dimensions is important for understanding the multifaceted nature of religion and its influence on society.
47) Ignorance (Ignorant):
Ignorance about religious practices and beliefs contributes to misconceptions that can hinder effective discourse between faith communities and policymakers. Encouraging education on religious diversity is essential for fostering understanding and cooperation.
48) Monarchy:
Monarchy in historical contexts often represented a traditional authority challenged by evolving secular values. The relationship between religious traditions and the monarchy illustrates the ongoing negotiations of power dynamics in shaping societal norms.
49) Doctrine:
Doctrine outlines the fundamental beliefs that guide religious communities. The adherence to specific doctrines often informs the advocacy efforts of faith leaders seeking recognition and support within societal frameworks.
50) Theology:
Theology provides an academic discipline for studying the nature of God and religious beliefs. As theological perspectives evolve, they influence how faith is understood and manifested in public life, including the interface with secular governance.
51) Wisdom:
Wisdom within religious teachings conveys moral and ethical insights that guide followers. The call for wisdom reflects the responsibility of religious institutions to contribute positively to societal discourse on values and ethics.
52) Family:
Family is often a central unit within religious communities, embodying shared beliefs and practices. Discussions around family values intersect with broader dialogues on morality, rights, and the role of religion in public policy.
53) Memory:
Memory recalls historical interactions between faith and state, informing current discussions about recognition and rights for religious communities. Understanding these memories helps in navigating the future dynamics within secular governance.
54) Desire:
Desire reflects the motivations of faith communities in seeking recognition and affirmation in public life. The interplay of desire and fulfillment reveals the challenges faced by religious institutions in negotiating their roles within a secular framework.
55) Death:
Death often catalyzes religious teachings about mortality and spirituality. The communal expression of grief and commemoration intersects with public life and policy, emphasizing the significance of religious beliefs in personal and collective experiences.
56) Fight:
A fight for recognition and rights within the context of religion denotes ongoing advocacy efforts by faith leaders. This fight is crucial in ensuring that diverse perspectives are upheld within the frameworks of secular governance.
57) Heart:
Heart symbolizes the core of religious belief and community bonding. The recognition of heart-felt expressions of faith within public spaces underscores the importance of emotional connections in navigating societal discussions on religion.
58) Crime:
Crime often evokes discussions around moral laws and religious teachings that inform societal values. Addressing issues of crime within public policy necessitates a careful examination of the ethical implications embedded in religious doctrines.
59) Limit (Limiting, Limited):
Limit refers to the constraints imposed on religious expression within secular frameworks. These limits provoke essential discussions about balancing freedom with governance, ensuring respect for diverse beliefs while upholding democratic principles.
60) Arca:
[see source text or glossary: #Arca#]
61) Padi:
[see source text or glossary: #Padi#]
62) Soul:
Soul signifies the essence of spirituality found within religious beliefs. The connection between soul and community functions within public discussions, emphasizing the need for recognition and respect for diverse spiritual expressions.
63) Game:
Game denotes the strategic interactions between different institutions, including religious bodies and the state. Understanding the rules of this game provides insights into how authority and recognition are navigated within secular governance.
64) City:
City symbolizes the urban environments where diverse religious communities interact. The dynamics of religious diversity in cities present both challenges and opportunities for fostering inclusive dialogues and coexistence.
65) Wing:
[see source text or glossary: #Wing#]
66) Book:
[see source text or glossary: #Book#]
67) Mind:
Mind reflects the intellectual engagement with spiritual beliefs, emphasizing the importance of understanding and interpreting faith in contemporary contexts. Engaging the mind in discussions on secularism and religion promotes open dialogue and reflection.
68) Hope:
Hope encapsulates the aspirations of religious communities for recognition and collaboration within society. A shared sense of hope fosters constructive dialogues that bridge the gaps between secular governance and religious beliefs.
69) Sacred Art:
Sacred art denotes expressions of faith through artistic practices intended to honor religious beliefs. The acknowledgment of sacred art in public venues raises essential considerations about the intersection of culture, religion, and state recognition.
70) Human life:
Human life represents the core focus of moral and ethical discussions within religious contexts. Respect for human life continues to be a pivotal matter where religious doctrines inform societal norms and legal frameworks.
71) Consciousness:
Consciousness relates to awareness of spiritual and ethical dimensions shaped by religious teachings. Growing consciousness about the needs for recognition within secular spaces is vital for the ongoing dialogue surrounding faith and public life.
72) Unconscious:
[see source text or glossary: #Unconscious#]
73) Celebration:
Celebration pertains to rituals and communal practices that express religious beliefs. The public acknowledgment of religious celebrations contributes to understanding the role of faith in societal contexts while reinforcing community ties.
74) Untouchable:
Untouchable often describes the legal principles that protect the separation of church and state. Recognizing boundaries marked as untouchable can facilitate healthier discussions regarding the limits of religious influence in public policy.
75) Instruction:
Instruction within religious communities involves disseminating beliefs and practices. The implications of religious instruction inspire discussions about school curricula and the interplay between faith-based education and secular mandates.
[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 120]