Appendix 21 - List of Mythological references in the Tilakamanjari

APPENDIX XXI—A LIST OF MYTHOLOGICAL REFERENCES IN THE TILAKAMANJARI—Jain Mythology :L. ASTADASADVIPA (60,7). 2. ASTAPADA where Riabha, the son of King Nabhi breathed his last. At that time he had rid himself of all the Ghati-karmans, and was surrounded by thousands of Munis. the mountain is thus immortalized as the place of Nirvana of Rsabha. (405,19-21.) 3. ARHATS; they are said to be more than one hundred 4. 5. 60 6. seventy in number. (412,9) ADITIRTHA, a sacred place where an image of Lord Rsabha is established. (35,16) IKSVAKU-KULA; the line of Rsabha %; the chief kings of this line are Bharata, Bhagiratha and others. (30,10). Kevalin; the one who has attained Kevala-jnana or Omniscience. (39,23). 7. KRIRODA ; washing the Meru-prstha at the time of 8. the Janmabhiseka of Lord Rsabha. (226,7). GANADHARA ;3 they were the eleven chief disciples of Lord Mahavira.(39,23.

9. 1209 CAKRAVARTI-CAKRA; a mystic power attained by the universal monarch%; it helps him to subjugate the opponents. (58,8). 10. CAKRABHIGHATA ; the reference is to an onslought of Kalacakra / god Sangama 11. 12. n Vajra by Indra on Mahavira, who was so much hurt by The god it as to swoon%3B even then he only pitied Indra.(2,3). CATURVIDHA-SURA-NIKAYA: the reference is to the four main classes of gods, viz., Bhavanapati, Vyantara, Jyotiska and Vaimanika.(39,22). E JAGAT-TRAYA : the lower, middle and the higher worlds tied by fourteen cords. (1,5). 13. JINA : the conqueror of passions; the title usually refers to Mahavira in connection with the religion he promulgated. Dhanapala uses the term to connote God Almighty, (1,4); he is free from any worldly attachments (10,2);. Am 14. 15. TRIPADI VAK : the religious instruction consisting of the three aphoristic words, viz.%; Samyak-jnana, Samyak acara, and Samyak-sankalpa.(3,10). DADHIMUKHA: a mythological mountain (40,12). 16. NANDISVARA-DVIPA: one of the chief continents surrounded by an ocean of the same name 40,5ff.) 16. NAMI and VINAMI : the two grandsons of Rsabha ; they approached him with a desire to demand a part in the

1210 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. regal power (1,9). NABHISUNU: also called Nabhisuti (1,11;1,16); he is Rsabh, the son of King Nabhi %; he is the first Jina born at the beginning of the Yuga (35,21); his image was established by Indra at Sakravataratirtha (40,1). PADMA-MAHAHRADA: the huge lake in which the goddess SrI resides (61,5). BALA and other haughty demons (35,19ff.) A BHARATA: the first Cakravarti in the Jain mythology and the son of Rsabha (30,10}405,22ff.); he foresaw the future incarnations of the Tirthankaras and installed their idols in advance on Mount Astapada (406,lff.). MAHAVIRA : the last, i.e. twenty-fourth Tirthankara referred to as the Lord of the Worlds (409,19). MAHODARA: the chief of the Yaksa attendants of the goddess Sri (56,12) VIDYA-DEVATA: they are eight in number (400,10ff.)? a they reside on the Vaitadhya mountain (204,13ff.); their names and means of transport are as follows: (i) Prajnapti peacock. (iii) Manasi swan (ii)Padmavati & Vairotya ) (iv) Acyuta horse Cobra (v) Mahamanasi - lion (iii) Cakrayudha Garuda

1211 (vi) Vajrakusi elephant buffalo (vii) Purusadatta (viii) Rohini the animal is not mentioned. The second one is referred to by the name "Dharana-mahisi" i.e. the wife of god Dharana who is a parallel to the Brahminical Sesanaga, the Lord of the Serpents (204,13ff.); these Pradhana-devis have many heads and hands and they attend on the goddess sri (409,lff.). 24. VIDYADHARA: a class of superhuman beings possess- } ing superhuman powers to be attained by mystic worship and penance (57,6); they are also called "Khecaras" are as they can move in the sky (60,10); their kingdoms As/situated on the northern and the southern slopes of the Vijayardha mountain (204,2). 25. SAKRA: the Lord of the Heaven, viz., Indra, who cut the wings of the mountains and defeated the demons 18ff. headed by Bala (35,2); he is also called Purandara (30,21); he built the city of Ayodhya alias Saketa for Rsabha (7,21;35,20). 26. SAKRAVATARA : the holy place where Indra installed an idol of Lord Rsabha (45,14); the temple is also known by this name (35,17). 27. SASVATA SIDDHAYATANAS: the eternal idols of the Siddhas installed since the beginning of the Yuga on the tops of the mountains (412,12).

12/2 28. SAUDHARMAKALPA: one of the divisions of the Heamen (407,1). 29. SVARGA-CYAVANA: the fall from the Heaven at the end of the heanenly life-span (38,8;41,23;44,17); it is accompanied by unhappiness (36,22), and is forboded (407,5), by certain indications such as beginning of dropping of the eyelids. (38,8), unprecedented troubles like the sack of one's city or palace (41,16ff.) 30. HEMADRI: another synonym for the Meru mountain, where the Sri-vrksas are supposed to grow in abundance(39,3). 3 II: Brahmanical and Puranic:L. AGASTYA : his birth in a water-jar (370,20) 151,11); Vindhya mountain increasing day by day (160,17); Agastya commanded the mountain to prostrate before him when he was on his way to the south till he returned. But he never returned, as a result the mountain was much annoyed (151,11;172,15;173,14;343,aff.;82,10); his extraordinary digestive fire (121,9ff.) in drinking the whole ocean in one great handful (125,15;249, 15); the gems of the ocean being thrown out due to the extreme force of the Udana breath (23,14ff.); water of the rivers and etc. becomes pure with the ascendancy of the Agastya star in the month of

1213 Bhadrapada (56,19). 2. APSARA: they are referred to as the courtezans of Alaka the capital city of Kubera (9,17); Rambha and Urvasi are chief of them (42,8ff.;172,19;175,4ff.); their attractive beauty (312,20) and the Lasya dance by Rambha (42,10). 3. IKSVAKU: the wish of his successors to complete one hundred sacrifices 07,21)%; the line originated from the Sun (58,18); Raghuvamsha of Kalidasa, Dilipa, Dasaratha and others belonged to this line and ruled from Ayodhya (27,17ff.). 4. 001200220007NAV 200 RSIS: Saptarsi(240,2) Saptarsimandala (197ff.);B Devarsi (7,12); Siddha (41,3). 5. KAPILA: Reference to the heavenly Ganges (37,13;42,12; 52,2); Sagara's sons and suceessors propitiating her 16. 7. (13,19;9,6); Sagara's son reduced to ashes due to fire of angry Kapila (9,5)%;B the descent of the Mandakini (207,8); her marriage with the ocean (206,3ff); her passing to Rasatala (203,7). KARTIKEYA: his birth in the Saravana (121,15); looked after by the Krttikas( 100,20). KRSNA-CARITA: reference to subjugating the Kaliya serpent by dragging him out of the waters of the river Kalindi (52,18ff.); his enmity with Kalayavana (233,19ff.) and a Kamsa (16,5); his residence in the midst of the ocean (16,4); Balarama ɑkad

1214 diverting the flow of the Kalindi by means of his plough (17,14) 8. KSIRASAGARA: its having been drunk (by whom?) at the start of the Great Churning (37,13); as a person wearing a gem-studded bracelet in his arm (239,9ff.). 9. TRISANKU: reference to impurity of the south-eastern direction due to the contact with Trisanku (23,20). 10. DEVAS and DANAVAS: reference to Devata (10,11), divine couples (40,19) and the assembly of the Lord of the gods (42,9); Agni as the Krsana whose power is enhanced by. profuse sacrificial sticks(13,19). Indra referred to as Bidaujas (14,13), with his thousand eyes (37,14;225,9), and the divine elephant (36,14;43,12;121,14); as Pakasasana having messengers to convey him news from the transient world (39,9) and his lordship of the heavens (39,8ff.); reference to his Vajra (14,13) and enmity with Vrtra (40,9;122, 19); references to his cutting off the wings of the mountains with his thunderbolt (46,9;239,17;243,13); escape of Mainaka to avoid the blow of the thunderbolt (102,5ff.;122,15;138,20ff.;149,lff.); consequent pain on the part of Himalaya, the father of Mainaka (5,9ff; 203,10); as Purandara (57,11;57;20;59,16); as one who has successfully performed one hundred sacrifices

1215 (7,20;57,17;24,13); his carrying away of the products like Airavata, Parijata and etc. at the time of the Great Churning of the ocean(54,17); Indra's fear at the penance by others and his attempts at disturbing it by means of enchaments (24,13) and enticements through Apsaras (371,1ff.); refernce to his wife as Pulomaduhita (43,11) and to his son Jayant (43,10) attended by Sankrandana (105,14ff.). Kubera as Vaisravana (23,21); his lordship of the heavenly treasures (57,22ff,); his direction (242,8). Kinnaras as Kimpurusas (41,4) having horses' mouths (240,13) and singing to the accompaniment of fluit (57,13ff) and being prevented from singing by the Siddhas (41,3). Gandharvas and their musical concerts (41,2). Tumburu and his playing the lute in the Gandhara-grama (42,10ff.;57,13). Reference to Pavana, the Wind-god (308,18). Yaksas engaged in drinking feast in the creeper-bowers in heavenly gardens (41,4)%;B referred to by the name Guhyaka (59,18). Yama as Dharmaraja (24,10), as the Lord of the Pitrs (308,15) as the Arch-Annihilator or Krtanta (52,9); his messengers (40,22); and his terrible roar of wrath (86,9). Yami as the daughter of Vaivasvata (120,19).· Yatudhana (56,11). Yogini(87,4)looking out for royal skulls in the battle fields.

11. 1216 Lokapala: their assembly (76,10ff.).d gokiet Vanadavata (41,6). Varuna: his conveyance of Swans (141,14) and of. crocodile (276,6) as the Lord of Waters%; his function of releasing the noose (308). Vetala (87,7 & 18)%; their assemblage 090,3). Sakini : their conglomeration (93,8). Sasthidevi (77,10). Sadhyas: their assembly (41,3). DIGGAJAS: eight in number (15,20); reference to the line of Vamana (151,10). NALA (13,18). 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. NALAKUBARA (163,10). F NAGAS : Vasuki and his nether cities (57,21ff.); Sesanaga (15,20;239,9), his lordship of the serpents (6,23), his thousand hoods (15,17;8,7;203,8), carrying the globe of the earth on his hoods (13,20;54,7); reference to serpent wives (41,6). PARASURAMA: his arrows (8,4)%; the libations of the blood of Ksatriya kings killed by him as the requital of enmity consequent to the murder of his father by Kartavirya Arjuna (51,13ff.) • PARVATI: daughter of a mountain (313,12;21,15ff.); captivated the heart of the three-eyed siva (313,12); 24,20

1217 her permanent union with Siva as his left-half (313,12); as Ambika (24,20); as Kalika (155,6); as Candika with Krpana, Cakra and Trisula (88,10ff.); breast-feeding her son Heramba (74,7ff); got enraged at Ramana when he failed to salute her in obeisance (53,11)%; worhipped for happy married life (9,18;21,15ff;). 17. PITRS: their expectation of progeny (20,18ff.). 18. PRTHU (13,18). 19. PRAJAPATI: the creator of the worlds (7,22;10,10); self-born one (7,14); Vedhas (36,14); sittingin the lotus grown from the navel of Visnu and carrying the measuring string in his right hand (399,5ff.); having mouths in every direction (114,1ff.); his being the 3 principal one among the gods (312,19); reference to Brahmaloka (11,6). h 20. PRALAYA: the devestation at the time (175,6ff.); the 21. 22. rising of twelve Suns (35ff.;203,9); the rainstorm by the clouds known as Puskaravarta and Samvartaka (121,16ff.;239,12;242,10); surging of Ksirasagara (176,13;239,7) and tumult of the seven seas (402,19ff.); and the flood of the Great River of Pralaya (260,2). BHARATAMUNI: the drama directed by himself to the accompaniment of tabour (57,12). MADANA and RATI: his sway over all the gods and even

1218 on Indra (305,13ff.); his encounter with Siva and his flower arrow (36,6ff.;397,16ff.); reference to Rati (22,15;175,5). 23. MAHABHARATA INCIDENTS: Yojanagandha and Parasara ' (129,5); Krsnadvaipayana being made famous by and honoured by Yudhisthira (24,2); Abhimanyu and Cakravyuha (89,1); Sauptikayuddha (94,14). 24. RAMAYANA INCIDENTS: Samitri and Urmila (204,18); Satrughna (13,20); Srtakirti (13,20); Sabari who fed Rama with fruits and roots (418,lff.); Marica taking the form of a deer (135,10)%; libations to Jatayu by Rama (135,15); Sugriva (222,3ff.) and his army of Vanaras (55,7;240,80,its camp on the shore of ocean 0135,19); Maruti (371,21); Ramana the Lord of Lanka and the Raksasas (95,2); his attempt at Lifting Mount Kailasa (239,13ff.); his daring insistence in cutting off his head over again in order to propitiate angry Parvati (53,llff.); his attainment of the boon from Siva (222, 4); Janaki's aversion to Ravana (135,12); Maruti crossing the ocean (201,14); the fire of Rama's arrow in relation to the Ocean (94,22ff.;160,4ff.); Nila and Angada (55,7ff.); Setu (135,18;159,12); the fight between Rama and Ravana (135,20); breaking of the axle of Ramana's chariot by Maruti (135,23); waking up of Kumbhakarna (136,2); the swooning of Laksmana (136,5-6); Ravana

1219 Vibhisana's help to Rama (136,9-11); fire-ordeal of sita (136,liff.); Puspakavimana and Rama's return to Ayodhya (136,17-18). 25. RAHU and CANDRA (88,1). 26. YUGAS: Krtayuga (11,5;14,21;151m 19); Kaliyuga (14,20; 40,22) and its effect of reducing the four Varnas to one(351,1lff.). 27. LOKAS and KULAPARVATAS: Two Lokas (19,1); seven Lokas (175,6); Madhyama-loka (39,7); Punnama-naraka (21,10); three Kulacalas (204,19ff.); seven Kulaparvatas(15,20); Amarasaila alias Kanakasaila alias Sumeru where Kalpadrumas automatically give silken and bark garments (23,19;24,19). 28. VADAVANALA (121,11). 29. VISNU and LAKSMI: the beings residing in the belly of Murari at the time of Pralaya 0351,14ff.); Vasudeva (11,1ff.); Purusottama (10m 8); Hari (43,9); enemy of the Danavas (20,5ff.) engaging in fight with Madhu (121,22;122,22), Kaitabha (121,22) and Bali (242,17); Acyuta with his conch and the disc (13,9); Hiranyagarbha residing in the lotus growing from the belly of Damodara (206,lff.); the Tripathaga Ganges originating from his toe (240,13ff.); the lustrous form of Acyuta resting in the milk ocean (120,17); Rathangapani riding Abo Garuda (86,7ff.); Pancajanya conch (122,1) the

1220 daughter of Daitya and Kaustubha (122,7); Kamala(43,9). His AVATARAS: Vamana or Trivikrama (240,13ff.) and his encounter with Bali (2,183203,7) the son of Virocana (214,15); Varaha (15,17;15,20;121,17ff.;233,19)in relation to Hiranyaksa (121,17ff.); Matsya (121,21) rescuing the Vedas (146,9); Kurma 15,17;121,18) and his connection with Mandara (121,18ff.). 30. VAITARANI, the long and wide river beyond death(47,4). 31. SIVA: as Adideva (37,5); Visamaksa (24,20)36,19); sulapani (12,2ff.); Tryambaka, his mass of twisted hair and the Trimarga,i.e. Ganges (43,23;211,19ff.) Isana (23,17ff.) and the g digit of the moon on his. crest (17,18;23,17ff.;121,14;225,223313,6); Sipivista (334,17); Nilakantha (351,10) and the Kalakuta poison (334,16;351,10;122,6;233,22ff.); Mahakala (192,4ff.), Mahabhairava (14,10ff.) with his boisterous laughter (14,10;84,19ff.;101,1;203,6;247,60), elephant-hide, and galand of human skulls (14,10ff.); reducing Cupid to ashes (12,2ff.;23,16ff.;104,50f.;162,22;266,19ff.) by the fire from the third eye (104,5ff.;23,16ff.;266, 19ff.;162,22); being won over by the youthful charm of Parvati (24,20); reference to the Ardhanarisvara form (137,10;253,5); Khandaparasu and his Tandava (87,10;239,6); enmity and fight with the demon Andhaka

1221 (5,1;120,14;185,13) and with Gajasura (185,13); Kirata (14,8;36,19) and his residence on Mount Kailasa (14,8; 17,18;247,7).. 32. SRI; the Goddess-of-Prosperity (10,11; 14,5;121,15;122, 5)%; her birth from the milk-ocean (58,7ff.;57,23ff; 54,5); residing in the lotus (54,736,7;408,23); sister or companion of Parijata, the celestial tree (58,7), and being worshipped by the emperors (58,8); her attendants are gentle and pleasing with their white garx ments, cane-staff and white fan of hair (55,5); the demons do not form her retinue (56,9). 33. SAMUDRA-MANTHANA and its PRODUCTS: The Great-Churning of the milk-ocean for the nector (11,6;34,19; ·360,17ff.) 37,17;43,5;54,15;138,19;159,10;248,4;269,16%; the Mandara mountain serving as the churning-rod (17,16; 337,12ff.) 76,12;161,12;150,16ff.186,7;204,2;205,23;214,14ff.; 221,5ff.;239,171, and Vasuki the king of the serpents acting as the churning-rope (122,1;203,2;204,2), the Churning being done by the gods and the demons(221,5ff); Kesava pulling the churning-rope and rotating Mandara 205,22 (239,17); Laksmi (54,5;57,23ff.;58,7ff.); Kaustubha (122,7); Parijata(159,11;205,20ff.;211,19); Naina Suna ♫ Madira (122,15ff.;161,12); Vadava (13,9); Kamadhenu 3211;19) (58,7) or Surabhi (121,13); Apsaras (122,9), Candra

1222 (122,15ff.;205,20ff.); Kalakuta (54,20;122,15ff.;211,19; 250,2); Amrta (13,9;14,5;37,17; 122,15ff.;250,2); stealing away of nector (371,2). 34. SARASVATI: sitting in a lotus (14,4;22,15). 35. SURYAMANDALA: the thighless one (11,1); the brave warriors pass through the Suryamandala on their way to final emancipation after bolding facing death in the battle field(96,8). 36. STRI-RAJYA-MANDALA: where no male is ever to be found (372,3ff.). 37. SVARGALOKA: Mandara-manjari (54,18); celestial female guards (57,5); the garden called Nandana (40,12); the sport garden of Indra (38,6); Cintamani (58,8); the pool of nector (57,5); The celestial tree,i.e.Parijata (58,7); Kalpataru or the wishfulfilling tree (57,1;41,6; 36,18); the wish-fulfilling creeper or a branch of the abome tree (42,11ff.358,8)%; the Haricandana creeper (57,3).. ** *** * * 0 THE END 0 * * *** ** 4