4. Parents and Birth-place of Dhanapala

Devarsi's son was Sarvadeva, a scholar well-versed in many sciences, adept in fine arts and a past-master in composing as well as appreciating literature in many 18 Sarvadeva had two sons, the elder of whom languages. was Dhanapala, and the younger one was Sobhana. Neither 15.Prabandha Chintamani(SJGM)_p.26= pura samrddhivisalayam visalaya puri madhyadesa janma samkasyagotrah sarvadevah 16.cf.IHQ.March 1929, p.142 quoted by PIN(V).Intro.p. .6ff. 17.RIN(B)Ip.38x xxx 277x 17.Jaina Sahitya Aur Itihasa p.133. 18.s♛(]).p‡7.Intro vs. 52 : sastresvadhiti kusalah kalasu bandhe ca bodhe ca giri prakrstah | tastha jana janma samgabhunmahatma devah svayambhuriva ** sarvadevah|| also cf. Sobhana-stuti-vrtti of Dhanapala Intro.vs.2 which is identical with the above verse of the Tilakamanjari of Dhanapala

7 the Tilakamanjari of Dhanapala nor the Sobhana-stuti-vrtti of Dhanapala give any definite statement about 19. this But it is doubly hinted at in the Sobhana-stuti-vrtti of Dhanapala when Dhanapala says that he composed the 'Vrtti' at the request 20 of his "younger brother" This corroborates both the PRc 21. and the Prabandha Chintamani 22 wherein this is clearly spelt out. Sarvadeva seems to have had at least one daughter named Sundari, for whom her elder brother Dhanapala composed the Paiarlacchi.mama-mala (Paia-lacchi-nama-mala of Dhanapala) 23 Buhler is inclined to identify her with the famous Avantisundari 24 It is not possible to know who was elder of the two, viz, Sobhana and Sundari. All these children born to Saryadeva during his stay 7 at Ujjayini, where he might having his permanent residence, though he might be visiting Dhara off and on. It is, therefore no use raising a controversy whether the kitk 19.T♛(N).Intro.vs.53: tajnjama janako vipankajarajah sevaptavidyalayom viprah sridhanapala iti || 53 || ;Sobhana-stuti-vrtti of Dhanapala Intro.vs. 3: ajayataksah samajayatasya slaghya stanujo gunalabdhapujah yah sobhanatvam subhavarna bhasa ne nama vala va'pyadhatta sa 20.ssy.Intro vs. 7: emati vimrsye nijananasya tasyojjvala krti mala krtavan svavrtya | abhyarthito vidhata vipranam temaithu samprata kavirdhanapala nama || 7lah tasyaiva jyesvabhratuh pandita dhanapalasya || ; also the colophone : 21.Prabhavaka-charita• 17211: tasya putraddhaya jajne visesaircita kramam | adyah sridhana pala- yo dvitiyah sobhanah punah ||21|| . 22.Prabandha Chintamani•P.36: sarvadedanama dvijo 23.Paia-lacchi-nama-mala P. 38.vs. 277: dhara nayasa dhanapala sobhanaputra vayenanvitah bhajaputradvayenanvitah purittienu magge himdae namadhi jjae || 277 || anavejale | kajje kanitubahinie 'sumdari ' 24.History of Paramara Dynasty p.282 .

8 birth-place of Dhanapala was Ujjayini or Dhara, as has been done by Professors Kapadia, Gune and others. 25 Devarsi, it seems, was in royal favour 236 since Sarvadeva, who seems not to have been well-off, is said to have been searching for some ancestral property which, as he was 27 certain, must be lying buried somewhere in his house. Evidently Sarvadeva could not reap sufficient monatary benefit from the royal court, which was then shifted to 28 Dhara. Possibly it was at Ujjayini that Sarvadeva's father obtained royal patronage. But Sarvadeva might not have shifted to Dhara later on when the capital was transferred there. Hence his monetary slimness and perhaps financial dependence on his son Dhanapala. * S 29 According to Vijayalaksmisuri, however, the name Sobhana's father was 'Lakmidhara'. Sanghatilakacarya, on the other hand, gives Somacandra' and 'Somasri' as names respectively of the father and the mother of both Dhana- 25.Rishabha-panchashika of Dhanapala p.8. 26.Prabhavaka-charita 17.18 cd,19 ab :.... jaga dasau pita nah punyavanabhut || sya rajyapujyastato dasaidanam prapadasau sada | 27.1bia. "19 cd grhe mama nidheh sa trsna vilasitam yadah || also p.36 : tirohitam nijapurvaja nidhi prcchan - etc. legu 28.At the time of Munja the capital was Ujjayini.cf. NSC I and Indian Antiquary Vol.VI.pp pp.51-52. 29. Upadesha-prasada by Vijayalakshmi-suri pp.111-121. XXXX RE of

9 pala and Sobhana, and adds that they lived in Ujjayini 30 In the opinion of Jinalabhasuri the name of Dhanapala's 31 father was 'Sarvadhara'. Professor H.R.Kapadia tries to reconcile all this with an excuse that one and the same person may have been known by these different places due 32 to different reasons ! Sarvadeva educated his children carefully, especially his eldest child Dhanapala who is said to have developed poetic talents right from his very young age when he won royal patronage and honour, as is evident 1 pan 34 from the fact that the paramara King Vakpatiraja Munja conferred on him the title Sarasvati,i.e. the veritable 35 Goddess-of-Learning.wi±k a beard This title seems to have rather been 's #sk "Sri-kurcala-sarasvati, i.e. the veritable Goddess-of-learning with beard and moustache. This 30.Samyaktva-saptati (Haribhadra’s) Vritti 'folios 74-75 : ujjeni varjayariksa siribhaya raya raya ... --11211 nasa tassasi veyabei chakkamaparo parovadharaka | viusa sahapatta- li ho do hagunom somacandadio ||5|| somasiri se bhajja, nikhajja vajjibhajja samaruva || 6 || do vanaya busanaya samjaya jaya- skru rupa || 7|| pathamo na siridhana palo | / bio sohana nama - 11311 31.APr.p.139 ff. 32.Rishabha-panchashika of Dhanapala p.8. que a von jame ||5|| 33. see. supra foot-note No. 19. --- 34. Nathuram premi wrongly states that Bhoja conferred this title on Dhanapala. cf.Jaina Sahitya Aur Itihasa p.133. 35. Tilakamanjari •P•7.Intro vs. 53 cd: aksunno'pi viviktasuktiracane, yaha - sarva vidyabdhima sri mugjena sarasvatiti sadakhi ksonibhrta vyahrtah ||53||

10 event occured when Dhanapala was between fifteen to twenty years of age, as Munja is said to have placed him on his lap when he conferred this title on him. 36 Not only 36Not that,Munja regarded him as good as his adopted son elder to Bhoja,so far as poetic talent and scholarship were 37 concerned. Bath Dhanapala and Bhoja, thus, grew up under 38 sholarly patronage of Munja. This corroborates the elderly tone and independent thinking as well as freedom of expression evidenced in many of the incidents and dialogues between Dhanapala and Bhoja as recorded in the Prabhavaka-charita and the pc 39. Though a Brahmin, Sarvadeva used to go to the Jain mendicants at their monasteries and practice meditation there for days together 40 || --- 36.Prabhavaka-charita•17.271: pura jyayan maharaja satva mulsa jhopavesitam | praheti birudam te'stu srikuryala sarasvati || 27|| 37 11.17.270 : sri mugjasya mahibhartuh pratipannasuto bhavan | sribhoja ibid.17.270: | titki gunyam layo dacah ||270|| bakka ta paryayi jyestho'ham tu kanistho'smi % 38.1b 1d.17.44• tatha srigujjarajasya pratipanna suno bhavan| sribhoja - sama bala, sauharda bhumibhumisuro yaham ||44|| ma 39.cf.Prabhavaka-charita 17.120-134; 135-139;141-145;146-150;151-154; 155-158;159-162;163-170;171-190.Also Prabandha Chintamani pp.36-42. | 40.Prabhavaka-charita•17.14: sa casyom pacaye prayaducita manitacam taih | dina- prathamahoratram tatraivasthatsamadhina || 14ma