Tilakamanjari of Dhanapala (study)

by Shri N. M. Kansara | 1970 | 228,453 words

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Summary: This is an English study of the Tilakamanjari of Dhanapala, a Sanskrit poem written in the 11th century. Technically, the Tilaka-manjari is classified as a Gadyakavya (“prose-romance”). The author, Dhanapala was a court poet to the Paramara king Munja, who ruled the Kingdom of Malwa in ancient west-central India.

Alternative titles: Dhanapāla Tilakamañjarī (धनपाल तिलकमञ्जरी), Tilakmanjari.

Copyright:
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)

Source 1: exoticindiaart.com
Source 2: shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in

Contents of this online book ( + / - )

The full text of the Tilakamanjari of Dhanapala (study) in English is available here and publically accesible (free to read online). Of course, I would always recommend buying the book so you get the latest edition. You can see all this book’s content by visiting the pages in the below index:

Warning! This document has not been proofread. However, for each page you can (and should) verify the text with the original source PDF file.

Preface (to the study on Dhanapala's Tilakamanjari)

+ Chapter 1 - The Author (biography of Dhanapala)

. 1-2. Source material used by Dhanapala

. 3. Dhanapala’s Ancestry

. 4. Parents and Birth-place of Dhanapala

. 5. Clash with his father

. 6. Conversion of Dhanapala to Jain faith

. 7. Dhanapala’s relation with Bhoja

. 8. Dhanapala’s Poetic career

. 9. Revision of the Tilakamanjari at the hands of Santyacarya

. 10. Dissention with Bhoja and migration to Sacora

. 11. Dhanapla re-invited by Bhoja to save the honour of his court

. 12. The sunset of life

. 13. Dhanapala’s Namesakes

. 14. Dhanapala’s Personality

+ Chapter 2 - The works of Dhanapala

. 1. Summary of the Paia-lacchi-nama-mala

. 2. Summary of the Rishabha-pancashika

. 3. Summary of the Nama-mala

. 4. Summary of the Vira-stuti Viruddha-vacaniya

. 5. Summary of the Satyapuriya-mahavira-utsaha

. 6. Summary of the Savaya-vihi

. 7. Summary of the Vira-stuti Samskrita-Prakrita

Chapter 3 - The Date of Dhanapala

Chapter 4 - Predecessors of Dhanapala

+ Chapter 5 - Contemporary Generative Situation

. 1. The Patrons of Dhanapala (Introduction)

. 2. Short biography of Siyaka II alias Harsadeva

. 3. Short biography of Vakpatiraja II alias Munja

. 4. Short biography of Sindhuraja

. 5. Short biography of Bhoja

. 6. The political situation in South India

. 7. The contemporary religious trends

. 8. The contemporary literature

. 9. Contemporary literary trends

+ Chapter 6 - Summary of the Tilakamanjari

. Introduction to the Tilakamanjari

. Introductory Verses

. The story of king Meghavahana

. Worship of the Goddess Shri

. The gift of a divine necklace by a Vaimanika god Jvalanaprabha

. The king’s encounter with a Vetala

. The Goddess Shri confers the boon

. The king returns to his capital

. Birth of Harivahana

. Vijayavega's report

. Friendship between Harivahana and Samaraketu

. Gandharvaka presents a portrait of Tilakamanjari

. The love-lorn condition of Harivahana

. Harivahana’s ceremonial entrance into the Vidyadhara city

. Harivahana meets with a girl (Tilakamanjari)

. The story of Malayasundari (narrated by Harivahana to Samaraketu)

. Tilakamanjari invites Harivahana to her palace

. Gandharvaka is freed from a curse

. Harivahana’s return to Ayodhya and back to Lauhitya

. Harivahana’s attainment of Superhuman Powers

. The revelation of the past births

. The happy union of the lovers

Chapter 7 - The Katha form of literature

+ Chapter 8 - The Plot and the Motifs

. 1. The main plot of the Tilakamanjari

. 2. The by-plot of the Tilakamanjari

. 3. Blending of the narratives

. 4. Motifs (1): Lack of a Male Child

. 4. Motifs (2): The Vidyadhara Munis

. 4. Motifs (3): The divine necklace Candratapa

. 4. Motifs (4): The worship of deities and Tirthankaras

. 4. Motifs (5): The Vetala

. 4. Motifs (6): The divine ring Balaruna

. 4. Motifs (7): The night-attack

. 4. Motifs (8): The naval expedition

. 4. Motifs (9): The messages

. 4. Motifs (10): portrait of a young girl

. 4. Motifs (11): The flying elephant

. 4. Motifs (12): Invocation to the boat

. 4. Motifs (13): The holy sandal paste and the garland

. 4. Motifs (14): The sack of the cities

. 4. Motifs (15): Kidnapping of young girls

. 4. Motifs (16): Attempts at suicide

. 4. Motifs (17): The boon and the bane

. 4. Motifs (18): The parrot

. 4. Motifs (19): The magic mantle

. 4. Motifs (20): The divine aeroplanes

. 4. Motifs (21): Prayers to the Tirthamkaras and others

. 4. Motifs (22): Significant bardic and other utterances

. 4. Motifs (23): Philosophical discourses

. 4. Motifs (24): Penance

. 5. Loose ends

+ Chapter 9 - The Sources and the the Author’s design

. 1. Introduction and Sources of the story of the Tilakamanjari

. 2. Sources of the plot-structure and modifications by the poet

. 3. Sources of the motifs

. 4. The source of Dhanapala’s style

. 5. The poet’s design

+ Chapter 10 - Geographical Data

. 1. Introduction and Celestial geography

. 2. Terrestrial geography in the Tilakamanjari

+ Chapter 11 - Social Data

. 1. Description of Race and Appearance

. 2. Description of Classes and Castes

. 3. Description of Occupations

. 4. Description of Social pastimes

. 5. Description of Family life

. 6. Education of boys and girls

. 7. Freedom to young girls

. 8. Description of Youthful relationship

. 9. Status of married woman

. 10. Obedient children and affectionate parents

. 11. Description of manners and customs

. 12. The ceremony of Yatramangala (setting out on an expedition)

. 13. The ceremony of Avataranaka-Mangala

. 14. Festivities on the reception of King

. 15. The ceremony of Sangamotsava (betrothal)

. 16. The Marriage ceremony

. 17. Consummation of marriage (Ritu-sangamana and Garbhadhana)

. 18. The ceremony of Pumsavana (to conceive a male child)

. 19. Birth of a child

. 20. The ceremony of Sasthi Jagarana

. 21. The ceremony of Namakarana

. 22. Anna-prasana and other rites

. 23. The ceremony of Avataranaka-kriya

. 24. The ceremony of Upanayana

. 25. The ceremony of Savitri

. 26. The ceremony of Samavartana

. 27. The ceremony of Yauvarajya-abhisheka

. 28. Worship of the family deity

. 29. Kaumudi-mahotsava (the holy-bath ceremony of Lord Mahavira)

. 30. Miscellaneous references to festivals and ceremonies

. 31. Description of city life

. 32. Description of life in military camp

. 33. Description of life in village and port

. 34. Description of life in hermitage

. 35. Description of forest life

+ Chapter 12 - Cultural Data

. 1. Introduction and Learning and Literature

. 2. Description of Architecture and Sculpture (Introduction)

. 3. Description of Temple architecture

. 4. Description of Sculpture (Introduction)

. 5. Iconography in the Tilakamanjari

. 6. Descripton of Yantras (contrivances)

. 7. Decorations in domestic and religious buildings

. 8. Description of Paintings and Picture galleries

. 9. Rangavali (design-drawing)

. 10. Description of Personal decorations

. 11. Description of Palaeography

. 12. Description of Music, Dance and Drama

. 13. Description of Art criticism

. 14. Description of the Dress of men

. 15. Description of the Dress of women

. 16. Description of the Ornaments of men

. 17. Description of the Ornaments of women

. 18. Description of the Ornaments of transport animals

. 19. Description of Bathing and Cooling

. 20. Description of Unguents and Cosmetics

. 21. Description of Mouth-perfumes (Mukha-vasa)

. 22. Description of Domesticated parrots

. 23. Culture and etiquette in pursuits of Love and Pleasure

. 24. Culture in Domestic accessories

. 25. Description of Astronomy, Astrology and Palmistry

. 26. Description of Ayurveda and Alchemy

. 27. Description of Cookery and Dining etiquettes

. 28. Description of Miscellaneous crafts

+ Chapter 13 - Religious and Philosophical data

. 1. Religious Sects and Their Mutual Relations

. 2. Yoga and Tantric mysticism

. 3. Worship at the Brahmanical temples

. 4. Worship at the Jain temples

. 5. Religious routine of Brahmanical worshippers

. 6. Religious routine of the Jains

. 7. Description of Religious beliefs

. 8. Description of Superstistions

. 9.1. Popular Jain mythological beliefs and legends

. 9.2. Popular Brahmanic-Puranic mythological beliefs and legends

. 10. Description of Philosophical Ideals

+ Chapter 14 - Political data

. 1. Administrative divisions of territory

. 2. The King and his personal qualities

. 3. Historical aliusions

. 5. Life in a royal palace

. 6. Daily routine of Kings and Princes

. 7. Care of a Prince and his training

. 8. Government officers and servants

. 9. The court and its etiquette

. 10. Security arrangements

. 11. Order of royal procession

. 12. King’s relations with his subjects

. 13. Civil administration

. 14. Danda-niti (Statecraft)

. 15.1. The fourfold division of army

. 15.2. Uniform of soldiers and their equipments

. 15.3. Military camps

. 15.4. Army in action

. 15.5. Cessation of hostilies and post-battle treatment

. 15.6. Maritime activities and naval expedition

+ Chapter 15 - The Tilakamanjari as a Prose Poetic work

. 1. Introductory remarks

. 2. The subject matter (vastu) of the Tilakamanjari

. 3.1. The heroes (Nayaka) and their characteristics

. 3.2. The heroines (Nayikas) and their characteristics

. 4. The the narrative interest (Katha-rasa)

. 5. Delineation setiments of various (Rasa)—Introduction

. 5.1. Shringara-rasa or Erotic sentiment

. 5.2. Vira-rasa or the Heroic sentiment

. 5.3. Karuna-rasa or the Pathetic sentiment

. 5.4. Hasya-rasa or the Humour

. 5.5. Raudra-rasa or the Furious sentiment

. 5.6. Bhayanaka-rasa or the Terrible sentiment

. 5.7. Bibhatsa-rasa or the Disgustful sentiment

. 5.8. Adbhuta-rasa or the Marvellous sentiment

. 5.9. Santa-rasa or the Quietistic sentiment

. 6.1. Study of the Gunas, Ritis, and Vrittis

. 6.2. Alankaras and their Aucitya (propriety)—Introduction

. 6.2. Alankaras (1): Anuprasa (alliteration)

. 6.2. Alankaras (2): Yamaka (rhyme or chime)

. 6.2. Alankaras (3): Shlesha (paronomasia)

. 6.2. Alankaras (4): Upama (simile)

. 6.2. Alankaras (5): Utpreksa (poetic fancy)

. 6.2. Alankaras (6): Rupaka (metaphor)

. 6.2. Alankaras (7): Vyatireka (dissimilitude)

. 6.2. Alankaras (8): Bhrantiman (illusion)

. 6.2. Alankaras (9): Sandeha (doubt)

. 6.2. Alankaras (10): Atisayokti (hyperbole)

. 6.2. Alankaras (11): Sahokti (simultaneity)

. 6.2. Alankaras (12): Tulya-yogita (equal paring)

. 6.2. Alankaras (13): Dipaka (common pairing)

. 6.2. Alankaras (14): Arthantara-nyasa (corroboration )

. 6.2. Alankaras (15): Vyajastuti (irony)

. 6.2. Alankaras (16): Samasokti (suggestive brevity)

. 6.2. Alankaras (17): Paryayokta (circumlocution)

. 6.2. Alankaras (18): Virodha-bhasa (apparent contradiction)

. 6.2. Alankaras (19): Kavyalinga (poetic reason)

. 6.2. Alankaras (20): Tadguna (transfer of quality)

. 6.2. Alankaras (21): Samuccaya (concatenation)

. 6.2. Alankaras (22): Karanamala (chain of causes)

. 6.2. Alankaras (23): Parisankhya (exclusion)

. 6.2. Alankaras (24): Ekavali (single-stringed necklace)

. 6.2. Alankaras (25): Svabhavokti (natural description)

. 6.2. Alankaras (26): Udatta (excellence)

. 6.2. Alankaras (27): Cetanokti (personification)

. 6.2. Alankaras (28): Ullekha (intuitive description)

. 7. Kavya-doshas (Poetic blemishes)

+ Chapter 16 - The Tilakamanjari as a Sanskrit novel

. 1. Introduction (evaluating the Tilakamanjari as a Sanskrit novel)

. 2. The theme of the Tilakamanjari

. 3. The story and its consistency

. 4. Characterization of the Tilakamanjari (Introduction)

. 4.1. Character description of King Meghavahana

. 4.2. Character description of Prince Harivahana

. 4.3. Character description of Samaraketu (son of Candraketu)

. 4.4. Character description of Taraka

. 4.5. Character description of Gandharvaka

. 4.6. Character description of Vajrayudha

. 4.7. Character description of King Kusumasekhara

. 4.8. Character description of Kamalagupta

. 4.9. Character description of Vicitravirya

. 4.10. Character description of Vidyadhara Muni (alias Maharsi)

. 4.11. Character description of Jvalanaprabha

. 4.12. Character description of Mahodara

. 4.13. Character description of Queen Madiravati

. 4.14. Character description of Tilakamanjari

. 4.15. Character description of Malayasundari

. 4.16. Character description of Bandhusundari

. 4.17. Character description of Citralekha

. 4.18. Character description of Tarangalekha

. 4.19. Character description of Mrgankalekha

. 4.20. Character description of Gandharvadatta

. 4.21. Character description of Vasantasena

. 4.22. Character description of Goddess Shri

. 4.23. Character description of Priyangusundari

. 4.24. Character description of Priyamvada

. 5. Speeches and Dialogues

. 6. Descriptions, Scenes and Retrospect

. 7. Dhanapala and some aspects of Modern fictional technique

. 8.1. Dhanapala’s style and literary worth

. 8.2. Imagery in Dhanapala’s language

. 8.3. Language of Dhanapalass fiction

. 9. Dhanapala’s short-comings and his Modern critics

+ Chapter 17 - Bana and Dhanapala—A study in contrast

. 1. Discovery of Dhanapala’s imitation of Bana

. 2. Dhanapala’s remarks about Bana and his works

. 3. Misinterpretation by scholars

. 4. Degrees of similarity and contrast (between Bana and Dhanapala)

Appendix 1 - The oldest and the other manuscripts of the Tilakamanjari

Appendix 2 - Index of place names in the Tilakamanjari

Appendix 3 - Index of verses in the Tilakamanjari

Appendix 4 - Index of metres in the Tilakamanjari

Appendix 5 - Index of Subhasitas in the Tilakamanjari

Appendix 6 - Dhanapala in Anthologies

Appendix 7 - Tributes to Dhanapala and his poetry in Sanskrit and Prakrit literature

Appendix 8 - Verses attributed to Bhanapala

Appendix 9 - Commentaries (1): The Tilakamanjari-tippanaka

Appendix 9 - Commentaries (2): Tadapatriya-pranta-tippani

Appendix 9 - Commentaries (3): Tilakamanjari-vritti

Appendix 9 - Commentaries (4): Paraga-vivrti

Appendix 10 - The compendiums of the Tilakamanjari

Appendix 11 - Three serious textual deficiencies in the text of the Tilakamanjari

Appendix 16 - Index of characters in the Tilakamanjari

Appendix 21 - List of Mythological references in the Tilakamanjari

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Last Updated: 07 September, 2024

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