9.3. Influence on Hemacandra’s Trisastisalakapurusa-carita

[Full title: Influence of Paumacariyam; (A) Influence of Jaina works; (3) Hemacandra’s Trisastisalakapurusa-carita]

The Trishashti Shalaka Purusha-caritra is a work of the 12th century A. D. It contains Rama-story and other intervening stories also. It generally follows the Paumacariya Minor changes, omissions and additions are traceable in the Rama-story as well as in other siories. The influence of Paumacariya and Paumacariu It adds the is apparent on the Rama-story as well as other stories. picture of Ravana which became the cause of Sita's exile. A few of the intervening stories have their sources in other works (For details See Supra, Ch. 3, 4 & 5). Main Rama-Story Omissions:-(1) Only one fight between Sugriva and the imposter. (2) No request of Mandodari to give up Sita. (3) No multiplication of the head and arms of Ravana in the final battle with Laksmana. Alterations and Modifications:-(4) Kalyanamala is offered to Laksmana in marriage at Kubarapura. (5) Rudrabhuti is named Rudradeva. He is called a Kaka, the lord of the Kiratas. (6) River Tapti is specifically mentioned to have been crossed by Rama. (7) Candranakha herself requests Ravana to help Khara and Dusana. (8) In the final battle Ravana conjures up many counterfeits himself. (9) Rama's age is 15000 years (Paumacariya-Paumacariya, 1700 years). 19 of

290 A CRITICAL STUDY OF PAUMACARIYAM Additions:-(10) Padma and Laksmana were born at Rajagrha when Dasaratha was sojourning there after marrying Kaikeyi. (11) Dasaratha sends his officers to bring back Rama from exile but in vain. (12) Kaikeyi takes permission of Dasaratha to call back Rama. (13) Picture of Ravana drawn by Sita, becomes the cause of her banishment. (14) Laksmana sends Rama to search for banished Sita but in vain. (15) Lavana's son is named Anangadeva. Though Hemacandra has followed the Paumacariya but he has consulted. the Paumacariyam and Paumacariu also. Influence of Paumacariya on Trishashti Shalaka Purusha-caritra:-(16) Kaikeyi's mother's name is Prthvisri. (17) Janaka's mother's name is Ila. (18) Bharta's wife is named Subhadra. Influence of Paumacariu on Trishashti Shalaka Purusha-caritra:-(19) The boon was offered to Kaikeyi at Kautukamangalapura (20) Rudradeva (bhuti) tried to snatch away Sita. (21) Trisiras and Trijata are mentioned. (22) Viradhita was Lanka. appointed the king of Patalamkarapura before attacking (23) Hanu kills Aksakumara also. (24) The sea was crossed in aerial-cars. Influence of Valmiki Ramayana:-(25) Candranakha excites Ravana referring to the beauty of Sita. (26) Sita compells Rama to go to assist Laksmana fighting against Khara. the Dynasties: (27) There is influence of Vasudevahindi on genealogical list of the Hari Vamsa and that of the Vasudevahindi Vol. I. and Harivamsapurana on the origin of Hari Vamsa. (28) The origin of Raksasa Vamsa and the genealogical list of Iksvaku line is influenced by the Paumacariya (29) The origin of Vidyadhara Vamsa is influenced by the Paumacariu Intervening-Stories. The following alterations are found in the Ravana-Carita :- (30) Indra's mother is named Citrasundari (Paumacariya-Manasasundari) (31) Sahasrara assumed the form of the celestial Indra to fulfil the pregnancy longing of his wife (Paumacariya-No change of form). (32) Vira as father-in-law of Vibhisana (Paumacariya-Paumacariya-Visuddhakamala). (33) Battle between Ravana and Vaisravana is dropped. Hemacandra agrees with the Paumacariya as regards the following points:-(34) Marriage of Ravana and his brothers. (35) Installing of Adityarajas and Rksarajas as kings of certain places. (36) Varuna's battle with Ravana. Hemacandra is influenced by Svayambhu also :-(37) Khara and Dusana are two brothers (Khara is the husband of Candranakha). (38) Humiliation of Ravana by Vali in the battle. (39) Uparambha-episode,

SOURCES, CONTRIBUTION AND INFLUENCE OF Paumacariya 291 As regards other intervening stories Hemacandra seems to have consulted both Paumacariyam and Padmacaritam. Minor droppings, alterations, modifications and additions are affected. Some stories are altogether dropped, some are abridged and a few have quite different sources. 40. The following stories are not found in the Trishashti Shalaka Purusha-caritra:-Nos. 19 (it is mixed with No. 18); 21-22, 27-28, 31, 41-42, 43-44, 46-50, 55.58-63). 41. The following stories are abridged :-Nos. 23-25, 54 & 56. Story No. 43 is included in the story No. 54. 42. The source of story No. 17 (Origin of Animal sacrifice) is probably Vasudevahindi. 43. The sources of story No. 8 (Bharata and Bahubali) and No. 16 (Origin of Brahmanas) are probably Vasudevahindi and Avasyakacurni. 44. The sources of story No. 9 (Death of the sons of Sagara) and No. 10 (Sanatkumara) are probably Vasudevahindi and Devendragani's commentary on Uttaradhyayana. curni. 45. The source of story No. 40 (King Dandaka) is probably 46. Story No. 20 (Sumukha and Viraka) is influenced by the Harivamsapurana of Jinasenasuri. 47. Story No. 56 (Priyankara and Hitankara) is influenced by the Paumacariu 48. The sources of story No. 57 (Madhu and Kaitabha) and No. 11 (Cakravartin Harisena) are quite different.