5. Genealogy of the Vanara Vamsa dynasty

According to the Paumacariya, Srikantha, a Vidyadhara prince of Meghapura developes enmity with Puspottara, the Vidyadhara lord of Ratnapura on account of the former's refusal to marry his sister to the latter's son. Srikantha once elopes away with Padma, the daughter of Puspottara. Then Puspottara invades Srikantha. Srikantha flees

ORIGIN AND GENEALOGY OF VARIOUS VAMSAS 223 away and takes shelter under Kirtidhavala, the lord of Lankapuri and the husband of the sister of Srikantha. The intervention of Kirtidhavala and Padma's willingness to marry Srikantha halts Puspottara from waging a battle. Thereafter Kirtidhavala prevents Srikantha from going back to his original country and makes him the first lord of the Vanaradvipa, Srikantha enjoys there the company of monkeys infesting the Vanaradvipa (6.1-59) and establishes Kiskindhipura as his capital on the Kiskindhi hill. The Paumacariya (6.121,123) and the Ramapurana of Bhattaraka Somasena. (ch. 4) agree with the above account but name the hill as Kisku and the capital as Kiskupura. The Ramapurana of Bhattaraka Somasena. mentions Kirtidhavala as Kirtisubhra. The Trishashti Shalaka Purusha-caritra (IV. p. 109) agrees with the Paumacariya and mentions Vanaradvipa along with Barbarkula and Simhala (IV. p. 108). The Paumacariu follows the Paumacariya, but mentions Srikantha as the lord of Ratnapura (6. 1. 3) and Puspottara as the lord of Meghapura (6. 2. 3). According to the Paumacariya, Amaraprabha, the ninth king in the line of Srikantha marries Gunamati, the princess from Trikuta (Lanka). She gets terrified when she sees the pictures of monkeys which were drawn on the floor to grace the occasion of marriage. Amaraprabha gets angry with those drawings and gives orders to execute the artists. His ministers explain to him that the monkeys are being held in great esteem and their pictures are being regarded auspicious since the time of Srikantha. At this explanation Amaraprabha adopts the picture of monkey as the emblem of his state and his dynasty comes to be known as the Vanara Vamsa¹ (6. 69-91). The Paumacariya (6. 163-218), the Paumacariu (6-8-9) and the Ramapurana of Bhattaraka Somasena. (ch. 4) contain this episode as well. It mentions that the Vanara-dynasty was established by Srikantha and the Vanara emblem was also adopted by him (IV. p. 109). The Valmiki Ramayana gives quite a different account about the origin² of the Vanara Vamsa. Once Brahma while performing meditation on the Meru mountain threw down some of the drops of his tears on the ground. From those drops a monkey came into being. He was named Rksaraja and was made the first lord of monkey infesting Kiskindhapuri. At another place (1. 17) the Valmiki Ramayana mentions that Brahma enjoined upon the Devas to begot monkeys on Apsaras; Gandharvis; the Yaksa, Pannaga, Rksa and the Vidyadhara women; Kinnaris and Vanaris (Putranvanararupinah 1. 17. 8). Then the Devas, Rsis, Siddhas, Vidyadharas, Uragas and the Caranas produced many monkeys to help Rama, the incarnation of Visnu. Here we find that the Vidyadharas are also associated with the procreation of monkeys. 1. Taha Vanarana-vamso vanaracindhena nivvadio--6. 88. 2. Valmiki Ramayana, 7. 1st interpolated chapter after ch. 37,

224 A CRITICAL STUDY OF PAUMCARIYAM The following is the genealogical list of the Vanara kings as found in the Jaina works: Paumacariya, 6 Paumacariya, 6 1. Sirikantha (son of Ainda, Srikantha (son of a Vidyadhara Lord) Atindra) 2. Vajjakantha 3. Indauhappabha 4. Vajrakantha Indrayudha Indramat Indamaunandana 5. Maruyakumara 6. Mandara 7. Pavanagai Meru Mandara Samiranagati PGS, 12. 5f Sirikantha Ramapurana of Bhattaraka Somasena., 4 Srikantha Amarapaha Vajrakantha Indravajra Sakramat Meru Mandira Pavanagati Raviprabha Amaraprabha 8. Ravippabha 9. Amarappabha · (wife-Gunavati) Kaiddhaa Rikkharaa I 10. 11. 12. Aibala 13. Gayanananda 14. Kheyaranarinda 15. Girinanda (and others) 16. Mahoyahirava (6.93). Raviprabha Amaraprabha (wife-Gunavati) Vikramasampanna Kapiketu Pratibala Gaganananda Khecarananda Girinandana (and others) Mahodadhirava Kaikeyana Kapiketu Padivala Nayananandayara Khayarananda Girikimveravala (?) 15. Uvahiraa 16. Kikkindha Pratibala Vimala (And others) H Mahodadhi (It follows the Paumacariya) (It follows the Paumacariya)

Paumacariya, 6 17. Padiinda (6.152) Paumacariya, 6 Paumacariu, 12.56 Praticandra Suraraa Ramapurana of Bhattaraka Somasena., 4 It follows the Paumacariya, Kiskindha Andhraka Vali Suggiva Siripaha Sasikirana 18. Kikkindhi (6.154) Andhaka (6.186) 19. Aiccaraa Rikkharaa II (8.229) Suryaraja Rksaraja Nala Nila (9.5) Nala Nila 20. Vali Suggiva Sirippabha Vali 1 Sugriva Sriprabha (wife-Tara) (Ravana's wife) (Dhruva) (wife-Tara) (Ravana's wife) (10.9) Candarassi (47.23) Candrarasmi Angada (10.10) Jayananda Anga Angada 15 Anga Angada ORIGIN AND GENEALOGY OF VARIOUS VAMSAS 225 25

226 Visvakarman Valmiki Ramayana, 7.37.1 & 1.17.10 Brahma A CRITICAL STUDY OF PAUMACARIYAM Valmiki Ramayana, 1. 17. 12 Valmiki Ramayana, 1. 17. 13. Valmiki Ramayana, 1.17.16 Pavaka Marut Rksaraja (monkey) Nala Nila 1 Hanumat (in woman form) 1 (Indra) (Surya) Vali Sugriva The Paumacariya gives quite an independent list of the kings of Vanara Vamsa from that of the Valmiki Ramayana which mentions only a few ancestors of Vali and Sugriva. According to the Paumacariya, Adityarajas and Rksarajas are brothers and Vali and Sugriva are said to be the sons of Adityarajas (or Suryarajas). But according to the Valmiki Ramayana, Indra (the celestial lord) and Surya (the Sun) procreate Vali and Sugriva respectively on Rksarajas in the female form. Thus the account of the Valmiki Ramayana is mythological while that of the Paumacariya is devoid of mysterious elements. The Paumacariya, Paumacariya and Ramapurana of Bhattaraka Somasena. disconnect their lists before Mahodadhirava, but the Paumacariu maintains the continuity. According to the Paumacariya there are in all 20 kings from Srikantha to Vali. The Paumacariya agrees with this number and contains identical names except Nos. 5 and 11 leaving aside little alterations in some of the names. All the names in the Ramapurana of Bhattaraka Somasena. are identical with those of the Paumacariya except Nos. 6 and 13. It omits No. 11 and disconnects at Vimala (13). The Paumacariu contains in all 18 kings omitting Nos. 11 & 17. specific names of the kings from Nos. 2 to 8. identical with those of the Paumacariya Thus on works are generally in agreement