Verse 9.45 - The nature of nirjarā (dissociation of karmas)

Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of Tattvartha sūtra 9.45:

सम्यग्दृष्टिश्रावकविरतानन्तवियोजकदर्शनमोहक्षपकोपशमकोपशान्तमोहक्षपकक्षीणमोहजिनाः क्रमशोऽसंख्येयगुणनिर्जराः ॥ ९.४५ ॥

samyagdṛṣṭiśrāvakaviratānantaviyojakadarśanamohakṣapakopaśamakopaśāntamohakṣapakakṣīṇamohajināḥ kramaśo'saṃkhyeyaguṇanirjarāḥ || 9.45 ||

The dissociation (nirjarā) of karmas increases innumerable-fold in each of these ten stages: samyagdṛṣṭi, śrāvaka, virata, anantānubandhiviyojaka, darśanmohakṣapaka, upaśamaka, upaśāntamoha, kṣapaka, kṣiṇamoha, and Jina (kevalī, the Victor). (45)

Hindi Anvayarth:

अन्वयार्थ: [सम्यग्दृष्टिश्रावकविरतानन्तवियोजकदर्शनमोहक्षपकोपशमकोपशान्तमोहक्षपकक्षीणमोहजिनाः] सम्यग्दृष्टि, पञ्चम गुणस्थानवर्ती श्रावक, विरत-मुनि, अनन्तानुबन्धी का विसंयोजन करने वाला, दर्शनमोह का क्षय करने वाला, उपशमश्रेणी मांडनेवाला, उपशान्तमोह, क्षपकश्रेणी मांडनेवाला, क्षीणमोह और जिन-इन सब के (अन्तर्मुहूर्त पर्यन्त परिणामों की विशुद्धता की अधिकता से आयुकर्म को छोड़कर) प्रति समय [क्रमशः असंख्येयगुणनिर्जराः] क्रम से असंख्यातगुणी निर्जरा होती है।

Anvayartha: [samyagdrishtishravakaviratanantaviyojakadarshanamohakshapakopashamakopashantamohakshapakakshinamohajinah] samyagdrishti, pancama gunasthanavarti shravaka, virata-muni, anantanubandhi ka visamyojana karane vala, darshanamoha ka kshaya karane vala, upashamashreni mamdanevala, upashantamoha, kshapakashreni mamdanevala, kshinamoha aura jina-ina saba ke (antarmuhurta paryanta parinamom ki vishuddhata ki adhikata se ayukarma ko choda़kara) prati samaya [kramashah asamkhyeyagunanirjarah] krama se asamkhyataguni nirjara hoti hai |

Explanation in English from Ācārya Pūjyapāda’s Sarvārthasiddhi:

Is dissociation (nirjarā) of karmas alike in all right believers (samyagdṛṣṭi) or is there any speciality?

The efficacy of dissociation of karmas increases innumerable times in each of the ten stages, starting from that of the right-believer (samyagdṛṣṭi). It is as follows. The soul with capacity for attaining emancipation, on attaining birth with the five senses, the mind, and complete development–paryāptaka, gradually becomes pure in thought. Assisted by other factors such as the favourable time–kālalabdhi, it attains the first right-faith (samyaktva). The person whose soul attains the first right-faith (samyaktva) is called a right-believer–samyagdṛṣṭi. The right-believer–‘samyagdṛṣṭi’–causes innumerable-fold dissociation of karmas. Then he becomes a householder and embraces the stainless attitude arising from destruction-cum-subsidence (kṣayopaśama) of the conduct-deluding (cāritramohanīya) karmas which obstruct even partial abstinence–apratyākhyānāvaraṇa–and attains innumerable-fold efficacy of dissociation. He is called the ‘śrāvaka’. After that he embraces greater purity of thought-activity arising from the destruction-cum-subsidence (kṣayopaśama) of conduct-deluding karmas which arrest complete abstinence–pratyākhyānāvaraṇa. He becomes an ascetic–‘virata’–and attains innumerable-fold efficacy of dissociation. When he becomes free from the passions of anger, pride, deceitfulness and greed, which lead to endless worldly existence–anantānubandhī–he becomes still more purified in thought-activity and attains still innumerable-fold efficacy of dissociation. He is called the ‘anantānu-bandhīviyojaka’. Later, the three subtypes of faith-deluding (darśanamohanīya) karmas are destroyed, and his thought-activity is still further refined. He is then called the destroyer of faith-deluding karmas–‘darśanamohakṣapaka’–and attains still innumerable-fold efficacy of dissociation. He becomes a perfect right believer–kṣāyika samyagdṛṣṭi, turns towards the spiritual step (śreṇī), and endeavours to suppress the conduct-deluding (cāritramohanīya) karmas. And he attains greater mental purity with innumerable-fold efficacy of dissociation. He is called the mitigator–‘upaśamaka’. When the conduct-deluding karmas subside completely, he attains quiescence of passions with still innumerable-fold efficacy of dissociation. He is then called the saint of quiescent passions–‘upaśāntamoha’. When he attains greater purity of mind and endeavours to root out the conduct-deluding karmas, he is called the destroyer and he attains still innumerable-fold efficacy of dissociation. He then is called a ‘kṣapaka’. The same self tends towards the thought-activity capable of destroying the entire conduct-deluding karmas and attains still innumerable-fold efficacy of dissociation. He is then called the saint free from passions–‘kṣīṇamoha’. And when he destroys the four main types of destructive karmas with the help of the second type of pure meditation–śukladhyāna–he acquires the name ‘Jina’ with still innumerable-fold efficacy of dissociation.