Tattvartha Sutra (with commentary)
by Vijay K. Jain | 2018 | 130,587 words | ISBN-10: 8193272625 | ISBN-13: 9788193272626
This page describes the four subdivisions of meditation (dhyana) which is verse 9.28 of the English translation of the Tattvartha Sutra which represents the essentials of Jainism and Jain dharma and deals with the basics on Karma, Cosmology, Ethics, Celestial beings and Liberation. The Tattvarthasutra is authorative among both Digambara and Shvetambara. This is verse 28 of the chapter Stoppage and Shedding of Karmas and includes an extensive commentary.
Verse 9.28 - The four subdivisions of meditation (dhyāna)
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of Tattvartha sūtra 9.28:
आर्तरौद्रधर्म्यशुक्लानि ॥ ९.२८ ॥
ārtaraudradharmyaśuklāni || 9.28 ||
The four subdivisions of meditation–dhyāna–are: painful (sorrowful)–ārta, the cruel–raudra, the virtuous (righteous)–dharmya, and the pure–śukla. (28)
Hindi Anvayarth:
अन्वयार्थ: [आर्तरौद्रधर्म्यशुक्लानि] आर्त, रौद्र, धर्म और शुक्ल-ये ध्यान के चार भेद हैं।
Anvayartha: [artaraudradharmyashuklani] arta, raudra, dharma aura shukla-ye dhyana ke cara bheda haim |
Explanation in English from Ācārya Pūjyapāda’s Sarvārthasiddhi:
The types of meditation–dhyāna–are mentioned next.
That which is the cause of pain is ‘ārta’. ‘Raudra’ means cruel temperament. ‘Dharmya’ has been defined as ‘with virtue’. That which arises from purity is ‘pure’–śukla. These four kinds of meditation are divided into two classes, good and evil, or auspicious and inauspicious. The former two are inauspicious as these lead to influx (āsrava) of inauspicious karmas or demerit (pāpa). The latter two are called auspicious as these are capable of destroying karmas.
What are these?
[see next sūtra]