Tattvartha Sutra (with commentary)
by Vijay K. Jain | 2018 | 130,587 words | ISBN-10: 8193272625 | ISBN-13: 9788193272626
This page describes the subclasses of the celestial beings which is verse 4.3 of the English translation of the Tattvartha Sutra which represents the essentials of Jainism and Jain dharma and deals with the basics on Karma, Cosmology, Ethics, Celestial beings and Liberation. The Tattvarthasutra is authorative among both Digambara and Shvetambara. This is verse 3 of the chapter The Celestial Beings and includes an extensive commentary.
Verse 4.3 - The subclasses of the celestial beings
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of Tattvartha sūtra 4.3:
दशाष्टपञ्चद्वादशविकल्पाः कल्पोपपन्नपर्यन्ताः ॥ ४.३ ॥
daśāṣṭapañcadvādaśavikalpāḥ kalpopapannaparyantāḥ || 4.3 ||
The four classes (nikāya) of deva, up to the kalpavāsī deva, are of ten, eight, five and twelve subclasses. (3)
Hindi Anvayarth:
अन्वयार्थ: कल्पोपपन्न (सोलहवें स्वर्ग तक के देव) पर्यन्त इन चार प्रकार के देवों के क्रम से दश, आठ, पाँच और बारह भेद हैं।
Anvayartha: kalpopapanna (solahavem svarga taka ke deva) paryanta ina cara prakara ke devom ke krama se dasha, atha, pamca aura baraha bheda haim |
Explanation in English from Ācārya Pūjyapāda’s Sarvārthasiddhi:
The subclasses of the four classes (nikāya) are mentioned next.
Ten, etc., are taken along with the four classes (nikāya), respectively. The residential (bhavanavāsī) deva are of ten subclasses. The peripatetic (vyantara) deva are of eight subclasses. The stellar (jyotiṣka) deva are of five subclasses. The heavenly (vaimānika) deva are of twelve subclasses. This would imply that all heavenly (vaimānika) deva have twelve subclasses. In order to exclude the heavenly (vaimānika) deva in the nine graiveyaka, etc., the sūtra uses the word ‘kalpopapannaparyantāḥ’–‘up to the end of the kalpa’. Now what are the ‘kalpa’? Those in which the ten grades like the ‘indra’ prevail are called the ‘kalpa’. Thus, the prevalence of ‘indra’, etc., forms the basis for the designation ‘kalpa’. Though ‘indra’, etc., are prevalent among the residential (bhavanavāsī) deva too, by convention, ‘kalpa’ is used for heavenly (vaimānika) deva. Those born in the ‘kalpa’ are ‘kalpopapanna’ deva.