Verse 3.5 - The incitement of malevolent Asurakumāra

Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of Tattvartha sūtra 3.5:

संक्लिष्टासुरोदीरितदुःखाश्च प्राक्चतुर्थ्याः ॥ ३.५ ॥

saṃkliṣṭāsurodīritaduḥkhāśca prākcaturthyāḥ || 3.5 ||

Pain is also caused by the incitement of malevolent Asurakumāra, prior to the fourth earth. (5)

Hindi Anvayarth:

अन्वयार्थ: और उन नारकियों के चौथी पृथ्वी से पहिले पहिले (अर्थात् तीसरी पृथ्वी पर्यन्त) अत्यन्त संक्लिष्ट परिणाम के धारक अम्ब-अम्बरिष आदि जाति के असुरकुमार देवों के द्वारा दुःख पाते हैं अर्थात् अम्ब-अम्बरिष असुरकुमार देव तीसरे नरक तक जाकर नारकी जीवों को दुःख देते हैं तथा उनके पूर्व के वैर का स्मरण करा-करा के परस्पर लड़ाते हैं और दुःखी देख राजी होते हैं।

Anvayartha: aura una narakiyom ke cauthi prithvi se pahile pahile (arthat tisari prithvi paryanta) atyanta samklishta parinama ke dharaka amba-ambarisha adi jati ke asurakumara devom ke dvara duhkha pate haim arthat amba-ambarisha asurakumara deva tisare naraka taka jakara naraki jivom ko duhkha dete haim tatha unake purva ke vaira ka smarana kara-kara ke paraspara lada़ाte haim aura duhkhi dekha raji hote haim |

Explanation in English from Ācārya Pūjyapāda’s Sarvārthasiddhi:

Are there any other causes of pain?

Among the celestial beings (deva), there are deva with the ‘asura’ name-karma (nāmakarma) that makes them highly agitated, with tendency to torment others. Hence they are called ‘asura’ (demons). Owing to the evil thoughts experienced by them in their previous births, they acquire such demerit and are actuated by malevolence continually. It is not that all ‘asura’ cause pain to others. Only some ‘asura’, such as ‘Ambābarīṣa’, cause pain to the infernal (nāraka) beings. ‘Prāk caturthyāḥ’–prior to the fourth–indicates the limit; it means that the wicked ‘asura’ cause pain only in the first three infernal earths. ‘Ca’ is intended to include the causes of pain mentioned in the previous sūtra(s). The ‘asura’ cause pain by actions such as making the infernal beings drink molten iron, embrace red-hot iron pillars, ascend and descend the tree with sharp thorns, strike others with hammers. Also, by cutting them with hatchets and knives, by sprinkling boiling oil on them, by frying them in an iron vessel, by parching them in an oven, by drowning them in river ‘Vaitaraṇī’, and by grinding them in the oil-press. Though their bodies are cut and rent asunder, they do not meet with premature death, for their lifetime cannot be cut short.

If so, let their span of life be mentioned.