Verse 2.33 - Three kinds uterine birth (garbha-janma)

Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of Tattvartha sūtra 2.33:

जरायुजाण्डजपोतानां गर्भः ॥ २.३३ ॥

jarāyujāṇḍajapotānāṃ garbhaḥ || 2.33 ||

Uterine birth–garbhajanma–is of three kinds, umbilical (jarāyuja–with membranous covering), incubatory (aṇḍaja–from an egg), and non-umbilical (potaja–without membranous covering). (33)

Hindi Anvayarth:

अन्वयार्थ: [जरायुज अ डज पोतानां] जरायुज, अ डज और पोतज इन तीन प्रकार के जीवों के [गर्भः] गर्भजन्म ही होता है अर्थात् उन जीवों के ही गर्भजन्म होता है।

Anvayartha: [jarayuja a daja potanam] jarayuja, a daja aura potaja ina tina prakara ke jivom ke [garbhah] garbhajanma hi hota hai arthat una jivom ke hi garbhajanma hota hai |

Explanation in English from Ācārya Pūjyapāda’s Sarvārthasiddhi:

It would mean that all beings may take the three kinds of birth in the nine kinds of yoni. The next sūtra is intended to elaborate on uterine birth–garbhajanma.

The membranous covering of the young ones, connected with the umbilical cord and composed of flesh and blood, is called jarāyu. Those born with jarāyu are called jarāyuja. That which has a covering in form of a white shell made of sperm and ovum, hard like the nail, and globular or oval in shape, is the egg (aṇḍa). Those born from the egg are called aṇḍaja. The young ones of certain animals have their limbs developed without any covering, and are able to move about from the moment of their birth. These are called potaja. These are three types of uterine birth–garbhajanma.

Children and calves are born with membranous covering. The chickens, etc., are born from egg. The young ones of the deer, the cub, etc., are born without any covering and are able to move about immediately after birth.

If these are kinds of uterine birth, who are born in special beds?

[see next sūtra]