Verse 2.31 - The different kinds of birth (janman)

Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of Tattvartha sūtra 2.31:

सम्मूर्च्छनगर्भोपपादा जन्म ॥ २.३१ ॥

sammūrcchanagarbhopapādā janma || 2.31 ||

Birth is by spontaneous generation–sammūrcchana, from the uterus–garbha, or in the special bed–upapāda. (31)

Hindi Anvayarth:

अन्वयार्थ: [सम्मूर्छनगर्भउपपादाः] सम्मूर्छन, गर्भ और उपपाद तीन प्रकार का [जन्म] जन्म होता है।

Anvayartha: [sammurchanagarbhaupapadah] sammurchana, garbha aura upapada tina prakara ka [janma] janma hota hai |

Explanation in English from Ācārya Pūjyapāda’s Sarvārthasiddhi:

The kinds of accomplishment of the new body for the soul in transit and the ways of birth are described next.

In the three worlds–the upper, the lower and the middle–there is spontaneous generation–sammūrcchana–of the body in all directions, that is, formation of the limbs by the surrounding matter. The union of a sperm and an ovum forming a fertilized ovum in the mother’s womb constitutes conception–‘garbha’. Or, it is called ‘garbha’ because of the mixing of the food taken in by the mother. The bed where the soul goes to be reborn is ‘upapāda’. ‘Upapāda’ is the particular name of the seat of birth of the celestial and the infernal beings. These are the three ways in which the transmigrating soul may take birth on fruition of the karmas bound to it due to its auspicious and inauspicious dispositions.