Part 2.2 - Tadbhavas with specialised or changed meaning

268. Akka-24 13 7 'the fluff of Calotropis. Gigantea.' [=arkapicu, arkatula-(gl.). cf. PSM, akka- 'the Calotropis Gigantea tree' and akka-tula-= 'ak kɩ rui,' cf. arka- in this sense noted in the Supplement to J.OI., Baroda, vol.X no. 2. p. 105. Helen Johnson notes arka- on page 351 of Trisastisalakapurusacarita of Hemacandra II in the sense of 'the red-flowered Calotropis gigantea, the swallow-wort' and adds as follows. "Its most common vernachlar names are ak, akanda, madar and rui, Its fluff, arkatula-, is an illustration of something easily blown about." Burrow illustrates arka- as a Dravidian loan and compares it with Tamil erukku, Malayalam erikku; Kannada erke, ekke, yakka, Tulu ekkamale, ekkame in the same sense as above.' Kittel's Kannada English Dictionary also considers arka- to be of Dravidian origin in view of the fact that the plant is common over the whole of South India and its name in the mouth of all the people.* cf. also Kannada ekku= 'to dress cotton and ekke, erkez Calotropis Gigantea tree.'] 269 ✓ Acch-'to be, to live, to remain', acchahi (press 2 s) 65 13 8; acchar (pres. 3. s) 30 12 11, 30 19 4, 60 7 1, acchahu (infinitive of purpose) 30 11 9. - [Paiasaddamahannavo connects ✓ acch with as-(H 1 214) Turner (ND.s v. chanu) connects it with Sk a k-, 'abide' and not 'to be or to live', cf. ✓ acch- occurring in the above sense la Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta (2 6 5), Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta, Karakamdacariu, Paumacariu of Svayambhu I, II., cf. G. che= '1 s,' etc.] 270, Abbhapisa(y)a-3 15 6, 59 2 4, 79 10 6 'Rahu, name of a demon who is supposed to seize the sun and moon and thus cause eclipses.' I See Burrow, Sanskrit Language, p 280 2. See Kannada-English Dictionary, Kittel's Kannada English Dictionary, F. Preface,

[=abhra-pisaca-, rahu- (gl.); cf, abbkapisaa-= rahu (D. 1 42, Pai. 38; Trivikrama 3 4 72, 432); Paiasaddamahannavo notes ambupisasa rahu, quoting from Gatha Saptasati, cf. abbhapisaa- occurring in this very sense in Paumacariu of Svayambhu II, cf. MW, abhra-pisaca- or abhra-pisacaka(L)= "sky-demon, name of Rahu (the descending node personified,") ] This is a good Tatsama-word. It is a metaphorical expression or epithet for Rahu. 271. Amayaruha-67 5 1 'the moon [candra- (gl.); cf. amayaniggama-= candra-, 'the moon' (D. 1 15, Trivikrama 34 72, 665); cf, Paiasaddamahannavo amayakumda= *moon.'] It clearly goes back to Sanskrit amrla-ruha-, which is comparable to Dest "amayaniggama-" (<Sk amrta-nirgama-), 'that from which nectar Tises, source of nectar' and recorded at D. 1 15 in the sense of moon' 272 A-mamtha-91 15 4 'unattractive." [=a-manojna- (gl), Alsdorf notes amasrna- also, besides a-manojna, in the gloss. Here a-mamtha- qualifies kamtha-kamtha-' the neck of the swine.' mamtha- in the sense of satha-, 'rogue' or bandha-, 'bond' noted at D. 6 111 does not suit here. Here mamtha-can be connected with Sanskrit mrsta-, 'polished,' and a-mantha-, unpolished' or 'rough'i e.. 'unattractive or uncouth.' Compare su-mamtha- occurring in NC at 9 22 10 where it is glossed as ghuntarita-. For the word ghuntarita- given in the NC gloss see Appendix. See mamtha-.] In Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta su-mamtha qualifies kirada-putta- 'the merchants' sons' and mamgala-kalasa-, 'the auspicious water jars' (used for coronation bath). Here the context is the description of coronation described by means of paronomastic adjectives. sumamtha- as applied to kirata-putras can be taken to mean su-satha-, "great cheats' on the strength of D 6 111. As applied to mangala kalasas, su-mamtha- can be taken in the sense of 'well-polished' (Sanskrit su-+mrsta-), cf. Pai. 15 mattha- mrsta-, 'polished.' 273. Amba-65 18 6 'mother's younger sister.' [=laghumata-, matrsvasa- (gl), Paiasaddamahannavo and Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary know the word in the sense of 'mother' only.] 274 Ambila-90 19 1 (v.1 embila-) 'a kind of gruel.' [kanjikahara-(gl.) The relevant passage is -"acchacchambilena bhumjamti anavarayam suriniya"- 'quite exhausted she was feeding on very thin or dilute sour gruel' The word is not noted by Paiasaddamahannavo in this sense Compare Kannada ambila 'a kind of pap or porridge made of jala or ragi to which buttermilk (also tamarind) is generally added.' Girvanapa-

damanjarl of Varadaraja (circa 1600-1650 A.D.) notes amlannam in the sense of 'rice cooked with tamarind or any such sour ingredient'.1 Compare ayambila-. ambila- 1 s connected with Sanskrit amla-.] 275. Alidhai-86 4 3 'with ease, easily, without much effort.' [=aklesena (gl.), the relevant passage is - "kamala alidhai tena khudiyai"- 'he plucked the lotuses with ease', Paiasaddamahannavo does not record this word; cf. alidhaya- occurring in Paumacariu of Svayambhu II.] " alidhaya- occurs at 26 99 in Paumacariu of Svayambhu II; no meaning has been given in the Index. But if we take this alidhaya- to be the same as our alidha-, then the meaning of the Paumacariu passage becomes clear. The relevant passage is - "vaitthu Janaddanu alidhae mamce ravannae (Paumacariu of Svayambhu II 2699 )- 'Janardan sat on the beautiful platform with ease.' alidhar occurs twice in Karakamdacariu%; the editor gives alika-as the general meaning.² But here also the same meaning, namely, 'easily, with no effort, with ease' fits well. alidhat occurs at 10 25 in Bhavisayattakaha of Dhanapala. , and the editor has given 'quickly' as the meaning.³ But here too, the meaning easily, with ease' fits the context, Alsdorf connects alidha- with anista-= 'unhurt, safe'; cf. √√ns-'to be hurt or injured, suffer wrong.' 276. ✓Ukkoa- 'to excite or evoke (love)'. ukkoiya, (past participle) 4 14 11, 30 10 7, 76 9 13, 82 1 8, 84 12 3. [=pradurbhuta-, utpadita (gl.), cf. Paiasaddamahannavo ukkoya-= utkopita-; cf. Jukkoyoccurring in this sense in Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta (2 23 5) and No ukkov- in Paumacariu of Svayambhu II.] The word is used in and is confined to the context of kama-, 'emotion of love.' cf. ukkoya kama (Mahapurana of Puspadanta 4 14 11, 30 10 7, 84 12 3), ukkoiya mayana- (MP 76 9 3) and ukkoya mana- mayana (Mahapurana of Puspadanta 82 1 8). cf. ukkoya-mayana- occurring at JC 3 23 5 In Sandesarasaka of Abdala Rahamana also ukkoya- 1 s used in the context of a lady in love. The expression mayanukkoiya-= madana utkopanasila can be rendered as - 'who is an instrument in exciting passion,' So 'to evoke or excit (love) (and not merely produce or reveal) should be the correct shade of meaning. Compare ukkova- ukkoyana- and ukkovana-. 277. Ukkoyana-51 4 2, 60 4 4 'exciting or evoking (love).' 1 [kamukkoyana= kamot padika (gl. at 60 4 4); ukkoana-in this sense occurs at Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta 1 12 4 where it is split as "mauu kko a na". It should be See Supplement to J. O. I, Baroda, vol. IX, no 2, p 70 2 See Karakamdacariu, Jain, Hiralal, Karanja, 1934, Glossary ་ 3, See Bhavisayattakaha, Dalal, C D. and Gune, G. O. S. XX, Boroda, 1923, Glossary. 4. See Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta, Vaidya, P. L, Karanja, 1931, p. 11, }

**mau-ukkoana," Compare ukkoyana- occurring in this very sense in Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta, Paumacariu of Svayambhu II, Paumacariu of Svayambhu III, akoyana- and (u)kkoyana- in Sandesarasaka of Abdala Rahamana and ukkovana in Bhavisayattakaha of Dhanapala. See ulkoa-, ukkova- and ukkovana-.] 278. Ukkova-24 18 (v 1. ukkoya-) 'exciting or evoking (love)'. [mayanulkova- madana-prasarah (gl), cf. Nukkoa-, ukkoyana- and ukkovana-,] 279. Ukkovana- 32 8 11 (v 1 ukkoyana-) 'exciting or evoking love' [See Nukkoa-, ukkoyana- and ukkova-.] 280. ✓ Uccay- 'to toss up, to lift': uccaur (abs) 18 12 (v 1. uccavivi), 33 8 10, uccarya- ( p p.) 40 6 7, 85 2 11. [utksipta- (gl), Paiasaddamahannavo notes uccarya- as a Desi word in the sense of utthapita-, 'raised, elevated'; uccaiya- occurs in Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta and KC, where the editor has connected it with ud-+cayila-1 In both the texts it occurs in the same sense as above, namely, 'to lift.' Compare Nuccayoccurring in this very sense in Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta, Paumacariu of Svayambhu I, II, III. Tagare gives it as causal of N c. N uccay- is a denominative from Sanskrit ucca-= 'high, elevated'] 281. Ucchalla-71 17 2 (v. 1. ucchulla-) 'restlessness,' 'uneasiness.' [zutsukatva- (gl.), the relevant passage is - kahi vi mani ucchallau jayau"- *There arose uneasiness in a certain lady's mind or heart.' Compare PSM.ucchalla-No ucchal- 'to leap'; cf.✓ ucchall-= 'fly upwards' (PC I) and ucchalla-= 'being raised or tossed upwards' (Supplement to J. O.I., Baroda, vol. IX, no. 2), cf. G. uchal-vu- 'to leap, to toss up'] utsukatva-seems to be a special sense of the word ucchalla. Nucchalmeans 'to leap' When the mind is excessively eager (utsuka), it feels a sort of restlessness or leaping sensation and hence secondarily "ucchalla-" may have developed the meaning of utsukatva-. Compare in this connection ✓ culucul- in the sense of 'throbbing' (spand-) noted at H. 4 127 and ✓✓ culacul 'to become restless or to long for a beloved' recorded by Paiasaddamahannavo as occurring in Gatha Saptasati 4 81. D. 1 127 and Trivikrama 3 1 22, 26 note ucculla- in the sense of udvigna-, 'anxious (for absent lover),' With the variant ucchulla- here, we may compare ucchulla= kheda, 'sorrow' (D 1 31). It may not be mere kheda, but 'kheda- due to longing.' 1. See Nayakumaracaniu, Jain, Hiralal, Karanja, 1933, Glossary and Karakamdacariu, Jain, Hiralala, Karajna, 1934, Glossary

. Uppariyana-1 14 3, 31 2 4, 80 2 7, 80 8 12, 85 27, 85 15 12 'upper garment.' (=uparitana vastra, uparitanam ultariyam vastram (gl); Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it, cf. uppariyana- occurring in this very NC, of G. uparnu, M. uparana= 'a small sense in Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta (2 32 11) and single cloth worn loosely over the shoulders.' This corresponds to Sanskrit uttariya-. Like uttariya-, in uppanyana- too we have an original adjective used as a noun.] 283. Ullubiya- 86 8 6 'attributed,' 'found (fault with)' [=dattam, bhartsanabalat (gl); the relevant passage is -"para-parakkamu. Iluhiya-dusanam," that is, 'when the opposite party was showing its bravery, the warrior was finding fault with them.' Hemacandra records Nulluh- in the sense of mis-+ST-= 'come out' (H 4 259), while the p. p ulludha- in Desinamamala at 1 100 has the meaning arudha-, 'mounted' or ankurita- 'sprouted,' Obviously ulluh-is traceable to Sanskrit ud-ruh-, this explains all the recorded meanings in Prakrit The gloss is rather free. In the cited passage ulluhiya- is equivalent to Sk udbhavita- the word can be looked upon as a tadbhava, if one likes that way.] 284. Uvvell- 'to unfasten, to unfold': uvvellivi (abs) 47 16 4, 91 8 8, uvvellia- (P.p) 83 69, uvvelliyaa= (past participle enl) 62 5 11 [=ekatrikrtya (gl at 47 16 4), prakatikra- (gl. at 62 5 11), cf √ uvvell-= ud+vest- ( H 4 223) and /uovell-= ut-+namay- ( Trivikrama 2 4 110), cf Nuvell pra+st-, 'spread' (H. 4 77, Pa1. 433), cf. N cf. Nuvvell- occurring in the sense of 'move quickly' in PC.I and 'dance, move quickly as in a dance' in Paumacariu of Svayambhu II and Vuvoll- in Bhavisayattakaha of Dhanapala. , Nuvvell- is derived from Sanskrit ud-vest-, 'unfasten, open'] In many of its occurrences ✓uvvell- is used in connection with a preksanaka-, 'show' or 'performance' and it means 'gave exposition or recital of (prasarita-), cf "rambha tilottima sa uvvellav (Paumacariu of Svayambhu II 34 3 8). Here the gloss gives prakatayati, 'gives a performance' At PC.II 4 G 1 4 "pavana-pellanuvvelliyamvare"; here the gloss gives 'nartitambare'. 14 Compare also PC, II 42 10 7 -'gat vai uvvellai" and Paumacariu of Svayambhu II 24 1 2 - "uvvellijjar gyjar lakkhanu" In Mahapurana of Puspadanta 83 6 9 and 91 88 ✓ urvell- means 'to unfasten, open' aud udvest would be the meaning as given by Alsdorf.' Elsewhere Nuvvell- is generally used in connection with dancing. The glosses like prakatay- or nartay- etc suggest that Nuvvell- means 'to give a dance recital, to perform or give recital of a dance'. At some places the gloss renders it with prasar-, that is, 'spreading and unfolding 1. See Harivamiapurana, Alsdorf, L, Hamburg 1936, Glossary -

So here a dance is 'unfolded.' Elsewhere an ornament is unfastened. In one case, it is in connection with the ornament and in another it is in connection with the dance. So primarily, Nuvvell- means 'unfasten' and secondarily it means 'unfold', 'spread', 'perform a dance.' 285. Ommabiyaa-37 23 11 (vl omahiya-) 'uneasy due to intense longing.' [=utkanthitah (gl), Paiasaddamahannavo notes ummahiya- in the sense of vinasaka-; but this is connected with Sanskrit unmathana-, etc.; Vaidya renders ommahiyawith unmathita-. But cf. ummahaya-, 'longing, anxiety, 'longing, anxiety, yearning³ in Paumacariu of Svayambhu I, II, III. Apte's Student's Sanskrit-English Dictionary notes a sense 'torment, deep pain' for unmathabut without giving any reference'. 286. Kailasa-78 14 8 (v.l. kikalasa-) 'a crab.' [karahanduka, karkata- (gl.), T manuscript notes the reading kikalasaand kuruvila- (which also means 'a crab') as the gloss on it. The relevant passage is -"tallara-jali kailasu vi jalayaru"- 'In a small lake even a carb gets the status of being a jalacara,' Paiasaddamahannavo does not note this word. kailasa- is derived from Sk krkalasa-, which is used in the sense of 'lizard, chameleon.' For the word kuruvila- given in the gloss on T manuscript see Appendix.] 287 Kaula-11 17 8, 46 10 14 'designation of a heretical priest (who propounded the grossest form of atheism).' f [=carvaka- (gl.), kaula- occurs in Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta in the sense of kapalika-. In Sanskrit kaula- is used in the sense of a worshipper of Sakt₁ according to the "left-hand" ritual.' Paiasaddamahannavo also notes the word in this sense.] 288. Kakkara-3 17 2, 31 23 7, 35 8 8, 42 7 11, 48 8 10, 73 20 6, 93 14 3, 100 4 11 'mountain peak, cliff, cave.' [=parvata-sikhara-, giri-danta-, guha- (gl.), cf. Paiasaddamahannavo kakkara= 'a stone, a pebble', kakkara- occurs at Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta 7 10 8, where it is rendered with kaksa- or a stone, 1 But here also the meaning 'mountain-peak or cliff' suits the context. Compare kakkara- occurring in this very sense in Paumacariu of Svayambhu I.] kakkara is derived from Sanskrit karkara-; cf. MW; karkara (W)= 'name of stone, limestone (especially kankar).' 289. Kaccha 87 11 1 'a garden attached to the house,' [grha-vatika (g 1 ), Paiasaddamahannavo kaccha="a sugarcane garden' quoting in support from Kumarapalacarita; cf. kaccha- 'a forest' (Supplement to J. O. I., 1. See Nayakumaracariu, Jain, H., Karanja, 1933, Glossary

'a Baroda, vol. x, no. 2, p. 115), cf. kaksa- vana, 'a forest, kacchaz 'a forest,' a pasture for grazing cows' and kacchika- malakara-= 'a florist' occurring in Br. K, cf. Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary kaksa (L)= 'the interior of a forest.' ] kaksa in Sanskrit means 'a dry wood, courtyard.' 290 Kamcana- 9 22 8 'a tree bearing yellow fragrant flowers known as Michelia Campaka' [=Campaka-vrksa- (gl), cf. PSM kamcana- vrksa-visesa-; cf. kamcanaoccurring in Paumacariu of Svayambhu II under Botanical names. In SR hiranna- Sanskrit hiran ya-) occurs in the sense of dhattura- Compare MW, kancana (L)= Michelia Campaca'.] 291. Katthu- 69 6 7,74 11 4 'that which is worthy of censure, blameable, censurable,' - =nindya- (gl.), the relevant passage at 69 6 7 1 s-" jo dutthu katthu niddhammayaru, so khamdami hau appanau karu"- 'I shall cut my hand which is wicked, censurable and perpetrator of impieties.' It is not noted by Paiasaddamahannavo katthu occurs at Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta 15 3 where it is glossed as nindyam, cf. G. kathu (derivable from kattha-) current in the sense of 'bad, hard, miserly.'] katthu is derivable from Sk kasta- meaning 'bad, evil.' 292. Kaddhaa 20 19 2 (v.1 kaddhia-) 'a magnet,' - [cumbakapasana- (gl.); the relevant passage is-"kaddhyjar ayasu kaddhaena"-iron is attracted by the magnet' of Paiasaddamahannavo ✓ kaddh-= krs-, 'to pull.'] kaddha is derived from Sanskrit krsta- 'drawn, attracted.' 293. Kaddhana-56 2 8 'bringing one's own pawns to one's side while protecting them from being killed by the opponent.' [=almiyasarinam paraghata-raksanena svapaksanayanam (gl) This is a technical term in the gambling game It is not noted by Paiasaddamahannavo] kaddhana- 'drawing out, pulling' derives from Sanskrit karsana-. See the preceding. 294. Kamdai-25 20 13, 25 19 14 (v.1. kamduva-), 27 11 3 (v 1 kamdua-), Kamdova-25 19 11 'a sweet-meat seller, a baker, a confectioner.' [=handavika- (gl); cf. PSM kamduna-= 'a confectioner' Hemacandra gives hundavika- as the meaning of kulluria- at D 2 41 and of poraat D. 6 63; cf. kandavika-= 'a confectioner' (Supplement to J.O.I., Baroda, vol. X, no. 2, p. 119); cf. Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary kandavka- (L)= 'employed in baking,' kandava- (W)= 'roasted or baked in an iron pan or oven

(as bread, cakes etc,)'; at 27 11 3, the variant reading kamdua- is preferred to kamdui- because at 25 19 11, it occurs in the form of hamdua- In Sanskrit kandu- is used in the sense of 'a saucepan.'] 295. Kabbura- 43 6 7, 53 4 9, 64 5 5 'gold' [=suvarna-(gl.). Paiasaddamahannavo does not note this sense of the word, cf Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary karbura- (L), karbura-(L)- 'gold.' Otherwise karbura- means 'variegated.' 296. Kama-15 2, 1 16 3, 22 1, 48 13 8, 54 5 14, 55 1 2, 61 23 4, 85 12 10, 99 9 6 'a foot.' [=krama-, carana-, pada- (gl); cf. PSM kama-= pada-; cf. kama- occu rring in the same sense in JC, PC I ] In Sanskrit krama- is used in the sense of 'a step.' But in AP, it is used in the sense of 'a foot.' 297. Karayalavatti- 49 4 7 'slapping of the upper part of the arms' (?) [=bahucchotika (gl.) At MP 52 20 18 the gloss equates "kiliimdi" with 'bahucchotika' where it is used in connection with warriors Hence it may be rendered here also with 'slapping the arms' PSM does not note it.] karayalavatii <Sanskrit karatala-vrtti, 298. Karamka- 83 3 4 'a beggar's bowl' 1 [ramka-karamkai- daridra-bhiksukasya bhajane kharpare (gl): cf. karamka-= bluksapatra-, 'a begging bowl' (D 2 55), karamkaka- occurs in Upamitibhavaprapnca Katha of Siddharsi on page 578, line 8 and the editor has rendered it with 'bone.' In the context there 'a skeleton' or 'skull-shaped bone' also fits in well, since the hollow palms are described as being 'mere skeleton covered over with skin" Compare karanka- 'a coconut hollowed to form a cup or vessel' (Yasastilaka-campu 2 43 9), cf. Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary karanka= (L)= 'a coconut hollowed to form a cup or vessel.' For the word kharpara- given in the gloss see khappara-.] Here karamka- is used in the sense of bhiksapatra-. It is known in Sanskrit in the sense of 'a box used for keeping betel etc' Compare tambula-karanka-vahini occurring in the Kadambari MW records it as "a eoconut hollowed to form a cup or vessel' as stated above. MW also records karanka- as 'skull.' As the skull was used as a begging bowl, the development of meaning of the word karamka- is obvious Compare also Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary noting from Harsacarita, karankinim 'name of Yogini.' literally, 'woman having a begging bowl of skull." See Upamitibhavaprapanca Katha, Peterson, Peter, Culcutta, 1899, p. XXI. 14

. Kalila-9 29 5 'sin'. [=papa- (gl). PSM records kalila- in the sense of gahana- and kalala== mud.' ef kalila-= 'wicked' (Brihatkatha-kosa).] In Sk kalla is used in the sense of 'a confused mass, a thicket, a large heap • 300. Kavila- 99 7 15 'a dog' - [sva (gl.). the relevant passage is - "tahi ekku kavilu tadiu dimbhahi"_ 'there one dog was beaten by children.' cf. kavila-= kukkura-, 'a dog' (D 26, Pa. 62). cf. kavila- occurring in this very sense in Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta at 2 35 14 where it is glossed as sunaka-. cf. MW kapila- (L)= 'a dog'] In Sanskrit kapila- has the sense of 'tawny.' 301. Kalavattha- 86 99 (v 1. kalavitta-) 'a bow [The gloss explains kalofrstha-ramn dronust"; but cf. kalavattha-= dhanusa", 'a bow' (D. 2 28), doubtfully connected by Ramanujaswami with Sanskrit kala-varta-,¹ ] 302. Kali- 85 1 10, 101 16 9 (v 1 ratli-) 'the night.' [=ratri (gl), the relevant passage at 101 16 9 is - "atthamu bhanu samjaya kalɩ "-'the sun set, and it was night-fall' Paiasaddamahannavo does not note the word in this sense Compare Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary syama= 'night.' ] In Sanskrit kali has the sense of 'blackness, darkness.,' 303 Kunima-11 15 6, 92 16 4, 92 16 8 'rotten, decayed.' [=durgandham kuthitam (gl). In all the three occurrences the word kunima, qualifies 'the body.' of PSM kunima-= kunapa, sava-, 'a carcass.' This is a specialised development in Pk First, 'smelling like a carcass,' and hence 'decayed' For the change of a- to 1- and pa- to maPk. kunima- from Sanskrit kunapa- see Grammatik der Prakrit-Sprachen § 103, § 240] 304. Kuddabira-17 4 5 (v 1 chuddhahtra-) 'the moon [=candra- (gl.), Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it. This is most probably corrupt for khuddahtra-= ksudra+hiraha, 'a tiny precious stone, a gemlet.' khuddahira, and chuddaltra go back to ksudra-hiraka-; cf. also thuddahira = camarom, 'a chownie' (D. 5 28) See chuddahira-.] 305 Kumbhim-48 2 23 'the earth.' 1. [=prthui- (gl), Paiasaddamahannavo does not note the word in this sense, of Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary kumbhin 'the earth' (Galanos' dictionary) ] In Sanskrit Lumbhin has the sense of 'an elephant' See Desinamamala, Ramanujaswami, Paumacariu of Vimalasuri 1938, Glossary, p 24

. Koda- 57 17 5 (v 1. kamtha-) 'neck' 107 [=griva (gl) the relevant passage is - "mottyai kodaggi nibaddha "- 'pearls were tied to the front of the neck.' Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it. D. 2 45 notes kola- in the sense of griva, 'neck.' koda- can be conne cted with Sanskrit kroda-, 'chest'] 307. Khanarui-39 11 9, 73 8 2 'lightning,' [=vidyut (gl); PSM does not note it. The word goes back to ksanaruci-, 'that which has a momentary glow or flash.' It is not used in Sanskrit in this sense, cf. Sk ksana-dyuti (W)= 'momentary flash, lightning.] 308. Kbaradamda-25 4 5, 48 2 3, 48 9 14, 63 1 5, 70 2 3 'a lotus.' [=kamala-, padma-(gl); PSM does not note it; cf Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary kharadanda- and kharanala= "rough-stemmed, the lotus" (Bbagavata Purana 1 v. 6 29).] 309 Khariyal- 'to harass' khanyalahi (pres 2 s) 32 23 1 (v 1. khaliyarahi v.1. khariyalahi); khanipalwi (absolutive) 91 20 11 (v.1 khaliyalivi). [=kadarthayasi, kadarthayitva, khedayitva va (gl.). It can be explained as a metathesis of ✓khaliyar-; cf. khalyar- equated by Paiasaddamahannavo with khali+krand rendered with 'to disregard, barass, deceive' and khaliyariya-= tiraskrta-, Paiasaddamahannavo also notes khalikaya-n the sense of khalyariya, and khalikara in the sense of khaliyara-] 310. Khujjaya-93 14 4 'uneven ground [=nimnonnata-pradesah (gl.) Paiasaddamahannavo notes khujjaya- only in the sense of 'hunch-back,' At Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta 2 69 khujjaya- is used in the sense of 'a hunchback'. Both are derived from Sanskrit kubjaka-= 'hunch-back,' Here as it is applied to the ground, it means uneven. 0. '] 311. Khullaya- 91 22 1 'a young and junior monk, a junior new disciple.' [=brahmacari (gl.), Paiasaddamahannavo notes khullaya- in the sense of ksullaka-, *small'; cf. khudda- laghu=, 'small' (D. 2 74) and PSM khuddaga-(D)='a small monk, junior disciple'; of also khuddaya-= ksudra-, ksullaka-, loghu (H. 2 174 and Trivikrama 13 64), cf khullaya- occurring in Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta at 1 13 13 in the same sense as in Mahapurana of Puspadanta] 312 Khen-58 22 13 'delay, loss of time.' [=kala-ksepa- (gl); Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it, of kheva- occurring in the sense of 'delay' in PC I, II, III; cf Old G Lhev.] kheu is derived from Sanskrit Asepa-, 'passing, losing.' In Sk hsepa- only in combination with hala-, (i e. kala-hsepa-) means 'delay, loss of time.'

Kheu 16 15 14. 29 19 2, 39 1 10, 58 95, 91 22 10 'an embrace'. [=alingana- (gl.). PSM does not note it. Derived from Sanskrit ksemam which is used in the sense of 'ease, welfare, happiness'. See kheva and khema-.] 314. Khema-73 27 13 'an embrace' [=alinganam (gl.) PSM does not note it See kheu and kheva-.] 315. Khelana- 4 4 10 (v.1. khellana-) 'a toy' [=kridanavastu (gl.) cf. PSM khelana-= 'a toy. khelana in Sanskrit is not used in this sense cf. M. khelni (from khelne, 'to play'), H₁, khilauna (from khelna, 'to play') and G. ramakdu (from ram-vu, 'to play')= 'a toy'] khelana- (from khel- 'to play.'). 316. Kheva-13 8 7 (v.1. khema) 'an embrace.' [=alinganam (gl). Paiasaddamahannavo does not record this word. See kheu and khema-.] 317. Gairai-10 41 'goddess or wife of a Jyotiska class of gods,' [=Jyotiska-stri (gl.). garai- is feminine of garaya-<gatirata, 'those bodies or gods who are given to constant motion Paiasaddamahannavo does not note this word.] ' 318. Gamana-56 2 8 'Bringing back one's own pawn from the opponent's side, while protecting one's own pawn'. [=atmiya-sari-raksanam kurvadbhih sva-sarinam parapaksat sva paksanayanam (gl.) Paiasaddamahannavo does not note this; of gama-= 'a move in a play of dice' (Paumacariu of Svayambhu III), cf. MW gama(L)= 'a move in a game played with dice and men (as backgammon etc.),] 319. Gavittha- 2 15 3 'seen, beheld'. [=drsta-(g] ), PSM gives gavittha- in the sense of 'sought, searched'. gavitha is connected with Sanskrit *gavisla-, gavesita-= 'searched, sought'.] 323. Gamakamala-72 8 1 'a libertine or a person of loose character,':'a dog'. [=sva pumscalah kukkurah (gl.) the relevant passage is - "paradaraluddhau dhukkamtu khalu, kim lajja kahi mi gamakamalu When the meaning is pumscala-, it means, 'Is a wicked man of loose character ashamed of making approaches, when he is covetuous of another man's wife?' When the meaning is kukkura-, it means, 'Is a wicked dog, addicted to other's house, ashamed of approaching it?' PSM does not note it. cf. hamala-= 'a species of deer' (Yt 1 39 2). Trivikrama 3 71 4 notes kamalain the sense of cora-, 'a thief' and D. 2 54 notes kamala- in the sense

of harina-, 'a deer', gamakamala-, then would literally mean, 'the thief of the village' or 'the deer of the village' (as against the deer of the forest) ] 321. Gijja- 88 8 17 'a chain or neck-ornament for elephants." [=grivabharana= (gl.), cf. gejjalam= graweyaka-, 'a neck-ornament (D. 2 94) and gomjalam= graweyaka= (Trivikrama 3 4 72, 654) cf. gyja- occurring in Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta at 39 15 glossed as ghugghuravali- See gejja-] - 322. Gejja 3 9 10,9 17 12, 13 6 7, 28 33 5, 52 10 15, 78 16 10 'a chain or neck-ornament for elephants " [=graweyaka-, griva-ksudra-ghantika- (gl.). at 28 33 5 the gloss loosely renders genjavali- wilh varalra-, but here also graweyaka- suits the context, cf. gejja, and gyja, occurring in this very sense in Paumacariu of Svayambhu I, II, III; cf Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary grivaghanta- (L)= 'a bell hanging down from the neck of a horse Kannada has gejje- in the sense of 'anklets, little spherical bells enclosing small bits of stone or metal, Jingling bells worn on the toes by dancing girls.' gena- is connected with Sk graweya-, 'belonging to the neck' See gija- above. ] , ~323. Godhari- 9 27 4 'a bull.' [=orsabha (gl.) PSM PSM does not note it It is not current in Sk in this sense. It may be connected with godha+art-, 'the enemy of alli. gators.' ] 324. Ghanadambara-67 7 2 'sky.' [akasa (gl.), cf Paiasaddamahannavo dambara= adambara, atopa-, so we can understand ghanadambara- as 'a place having a threatening appearance (atopa-) of clouds,' that is, 'sky.' Connected with ghana- and dambara-.] 325. Gharaharana- 56 2 8 'occupying the opponent's squares by two or more pieces or pawns ng [=dvyadisaribhih paragrha-svikarah (gl.) Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it. This is a technical term in gambling, derived from Sk grha-harana-. ] 326. Ghaya-56 2 8 'killing of cowries in a game of dice , [cf. Paiasaddamahannavo ghaya-= vinasa- Derived from Sanskrit ghata-= 'killing, slaying.' ] 327. Camdi-22 6 13 'a wife.' - [=bharya (gl.) camdi occurs in NC at 849 in this very sense; the relevant passage is - "gau ujjenihi varu muivi camdi"- 'Leaving the wife, the husband went to Ujjayini' Paiasaddamahannavo notes camdi- in the sense of candi- 1 s used in the sense of an angry woman." MW also records candi in the sense of 'a passionate woman and a term of endearment applied to a mistress' (W) ] krodhayukta stri- In Sk

. Camdaka-69 26 2, Camdakava-13 7 10; Camdakka 14 10 2,72 17 'a peacock.' [=mayura, candraka- (gl.) at 72 17 the gloss loosely renders camdakkawith mayura-piccha-, 'the feather or tail of a peacock.' Here also the meaning 'peacock' suits the context, cf. camdailla- mayura-, peacock' (D 3 5), cf Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary candra (L)= 'the eye in a peacock's tail' and candraka-= 'the eye in a peacock's tail' (Gitagovinda)] 329. Camdira- 65 4 4 'gold.' [=kanaka (gl), cf. Paiasaddamahannavo camda-= 'gold', cf candra-= 'gold' (Yt 1 173 6). Connected with Sk candra- 'glittering, shining (as gold)'.] 330 Camdova(ya) - 4 9 10, 76 4 9, 78 25 12 'a canopy' an awning.' [=candropaka- (gl); PSM does not note it: cf. camdova occurring in this very sense at KC 9 179 and camdovaya- at NC 9 21 37, cf G. candarvo, H 1. candova, candva, candeva and canduvaya= 'awning, canopy.' camdova- seems to be connected with Sk condrodaya-. For the word candropaka- given in the gloss see Appendix ] 331. Cara- 56 28 'playing a gambling game involving killing of the opponent's pawn cleverly concealing the squares.' [=buddhikausalyena kosthakantardhanaih para-sari-ghatena dyuta- ramanam (gl.). This is a technical term of a gambling game. Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it; cf Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary cara (L)= 'a game played with dice (similar to backga. mmon)' 'a cowrie' (W), cf cara-= 'a move in a game played with dice and men' (Trisastisalakapurusacarita of Hemacandra III) } 332 Camiyara-9 27 7 silver.' [=rupyam (gl) The word camiyara-, Sk camikara is used in the sense of 'gold' generally. Here the commentator has taken it in the sense of 'silver.' It occurs together with the word "Jambunnaya"-'Sanskrit jambu. nada-) meaning 'gold.' The relevant passage is-"jambunnaya- camiparaghadiyau" "made of gold and silver.' - 333 Carana-52 1 8 'a messenger. [=duta-(gl), Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it. In Sk the word is used in the sense of 'a wandering actor or singer Sanskrit has cara-, cara, 'a spy'.] 334. ✓Ci- 'to eat (w.r to birds and animals)'. cyjai (passive pres. 3 s) 2 14 10, 57 1 5, 83 9 11. [=bhujyate, bhaks yate (gl). cf Na-= 'to pluck and collect' (H 4 243). See cinna-] This is to be connected with Sk, /a-= 'to collect, to pick', Pk √ an 'to collect' (H. 4 238) See Turner's Nepali Dictionary cunnu= 'to pucker, gather' i

. Cinnaa 65 21 10 (v.1. bhutta-) 'eaten.' - 111 [=bhaksita- (gl) The relevant passage is-"kena halahalu cinnau',- 'who "ate" (ie took) the deadly poison ? Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it cf. G. cin-vu- 'to partake of.' cf. ✓ c-.] 336. Chadayana-9 18 4, 73 15 2 'a bee' bltramara- (gl); Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it. Derived from Sanskrit sat+ayana-, 'having six feet.' See sadyana-.] 337. Chana-2 17 2 'the full-moon day.' [Compare Paiasaddamahannavo chanasasi= 'full-moon' (H. 2 20). cf. chana- occurring in this sense in Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta, NC, KC, PC I, Bhavisayattakaha of Dhanapala. Derived from Sanskrit ksana 'a moment.' Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary notes ksana in the sense of 'a certain day of the fortnight (as the full moon, change of the moon etc. )' quoting from Sarvadarsanasangraha; cf. M san= 'a festival day'.] 338. Chamdanayapaoa-4 18 10 (v. 1. chaddanayapaoa-) 'a technical term of the art of dancing, a particular tala- or measure marking the end of a dance recital'. [=nrtyo pasamhara-hetustala-visesah chaddanaka-prayogah (gl). Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it. In Svayambhu's Ritthanemicariu and Hemacandra's metrical works "chaddanika or chaddant is either a name of a particular type of metre or of the closing piece of a kadavaka, the structural unit of the Apabhramsa Sandhibandha¹ '. 339. Chuddahira- 50 12 12 (v 1. chuddhahtra-) 'the moon'. [=balacandrah (gl.). cf. chuddhahira-sasi, 'the moon'. (D. 3 38 ), See kuddahira-.] The word "chuddahira-" may mean 'a tiny gem', 'a gemlet'. In Prakrit ksudra- appears either as khudda- or as chudda- chudda may stand for suddha exceptionally. So chuddahira- may primarily mean 'a pure gem' or 'a tiny gem' Later on from being used metaphorically it might have come to mean 'moon' or 'child' (see kuddahira-) Accordingly kuddahira may be considered an incorrect spelling variant for khuddahira-. 340. Che(y)a- 10 6 4, 30 8 7, 44 9 4, 46 12 4, 64 4 8 'end, limit'. [=pranta, avasana-(gl) The commentator has loosely rendered chea- with sankhya, 'number' at 46 12 4, but the meaning 'end' suits there also. The relevant passage at 46 12 4 1 s-"nau cheu atth" - 'there is no end'; cf. cheamanta-, 'end, limit (D 3 38), cf che(y)a-occurring in this sense in Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta, NC, PC.I, II, III cf G cheha-, chedo- 'end' and chellu= 'last'. See cheilla- ] I ' chel)a is derived from Sk, cheda-, 'a cut'. See Paumacariu of Svayambhu, vol I, Bhayani, HC, Singh Jain Series no 34, Introducuon, pp. 83-84.

. Chejja-56 2 8 'a kill or stroke in the game of dice'. [=sarighata (gl) Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it For the word sari- given in the gloss cf. MW Sari-= 'a kind of die or small cube used in games with dice'. chejja- is connected with Sanskrit chedya-.] 342. Choha- 28 18 8, 76 6 13 'anger; resentment'. (=krodha (gl.). Paiasaddamahannavo notes chohiya- in the sense of 'agitated, distrac ted'. Derived from Sanskrit ksobha- agitation'.] 343. Jadila- 28 1 8, 62 5 10 'saffron'. [=kunkuma-(gl.). The relevant passage is - "jauda-jadila- rasenayambai ahisittai jinesarabinibar- 'the images of the Jinas were reddened and sprinkled with juice of saffron grown in jauda country'. It is not noted by Paiasaddamahannavo Connected with Sanskrit jatila-, 'twisted together, knotted'. See jauda- 344. Jamakarana- 8 8 15, 27 8 7, 38 1 15,44 7 10, 52 7 7,69 4 6,698 5, 80 4 8 'death', 'disease,' 'attendants of the God of Death". [=maranam, roga-, yamabhrtya,- yama-kinkara-(gl.); PSM does not note 1 t; cf. jamakarana- occurring in the sense of 'death' in Paumacariu of Svayambhu I, Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta (2 229) & Paumacariu of Svayambhu III The word is connected with Sk yamakarana-,] 345. Jampana- 84 7 3 'infamy,' 'disgrace,' 'ill-repute'. [Compare jampana= akirti, 'infamy' (D 3 51) and PSM jampanaya-= 'public gossip, slander'. Specialised meaning of Prakrit jampana,'(speaking', Sanskrit jalpana-, 'prattling'.] 346, Jalayara- 52 10 2, 54 13 8, 60 7 5, 85 17 11, 87 8 10, 88 20 13, 91 15 6 'a conch, a cowrie'. [=sankha-, kapardaka, varataka-(gl), Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it; cf. Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary jalakaranka-(L)== 'a conch'.] jalayara- is derived from Sk jalacara known there only in the sense of 'an aquatic animal' 347. Jaladda 20 22 5, 73 3 10 'a wet cloth (used for cooling)' [=jalardram vastram(gl), of. Paiasaddamahannavo jaladda= 'a fan made moist with water'. cf. jaladda- occurring in this very sense in Paumacariu of Svayambhu I, cf Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary jalardra (L)= 'a wet garment'. Connected with Sanskrit Jalardra-. 'wet with water'.] 348. Jalamdhari-70 10 5 'the plantain tree'. [=kadali- (gl.); PSM does not note it, cf. jalamdhari- occurring in this very sense in SR jalamdhart- is connected with Sk jala+dhara-, 'bearer of thicket'. ]

349. Jur-'to censure, : juria-(p p.) 7 5 5. DESVA-LIKE ITEMS 113 [=durvacanaih_nirbhartsitah(gl.), of Paiasaddamahannavo jurana=ninda, garhana, 'censure, reproof', cf No jur--krudh-, 'he angry' (H. 4 135, Trivikrama3 1 72) cf. Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary √jur-='to be angry with' (Bhattikavya)] 350 Joy-'to see' · joyahi (pres. 2 s) 17 6 12, 22 19 6, 82 3 10 b) joya (pres. 3. s.) 16 8 8, 82 3 10 a); joyamti (pres, 3 plural) 3 2 5, 9 2 9, 13 9 13, jayamta (present participle) 17 10 3, 38 4 1, joyror (ebs) 2 12 2 (v. 1. joeppinu) 35 33, 296 6, 39 13 7, Joevi (absolutive) 15 4 18, joyavi(absolutive) 10 8 13, 12 2 3, 28 20 1, 29 7 4, 3 Q 7 6, joeppinu (abs) 24 9 1, 27 6 13; jorhu (infinitive of purpose) 69 29 5; joyahu (infinitive of purpose) 101 10 10, Joz(y)a- (pp) 3 12 3, 12 18 12, 29 1 13, 83 6 14, 81 4 5, 87 8 4, jozyaa- (p p. enlarged) 13 9 20, 21 7 11. - [=pasirinti, drastum, vilokitum, drsta-(gl.), cf. V joy-=dr's-, 'to see' (H 4 356) and joana-= locana-= 'eye' (D.3 50); cf No joy- occurring in this very sense in Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta (3 7 10), NC, KC, PC I and Bh; cf G. Jo-ou= 'to sce.' Connected with Sanskrit yajay-, see ND Addenda jokhnu,] 351. Jhal-'to flow' jhaliya, (p p.) 74 8 6. [=sruta- (gl); cf. M. Jhar-ne= 'to ooze, trickle.' Connected with Sanskrit ksar='to trickle.'] 352. Jhasavasa-3 14 26 'the ocean.' [=samudra_(gl), the relevant expression is-"ghasavasahu tou"-the water of the ocean.' PSM does not note it. Connected with Sk jhasavasa-, 'an abode of fish.'] 353. Nai-2 18 1, 5 5 4, 33 9 8, 69 12 14, 70 3 6, 81 4 5, 83 23 5 'as if,' as though.' [Compare naiwa, 'as if' (H 4 444 illustration 2); cf. nai occurring in this very sense in Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta (3 25 14), PC I, Bhavisayattakaha of Dhanapala. cf Hi naiz samana, tulya, 'like, similar' Derived from Sk jnayate.] 354 Niyayani-25 18 12 'a strap (of leather), a rope' - [=varatra (gl.), Vaidya renders it with rojju-, The relevant passage is- "bandhaviu-rae niyayanthi "-'the king caused her to be bound with ropes'; Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it. Possibly derived from Sanskrit niyamani-] 355. Nitth-'be lost,' 'be destroyed', 'to disappear' mitthar (pres 3. s) 3 37 (v.l. natthar), nitthya-(past participle) 58 17 1. 15

116' DESYA WORDS FROM THE MAHAPURANA to friendship are well bound and affectionate.' cf. also tilarina- occurring in KC, at 6 10 5 in this very sense. The relevant passage is- "avarupparu viraiya tilarinaham" - 'to them who had formed an obligation of friendship between them.' tila- in the sense of sneha- is unusual. cf. tilatara-= snigdhatara (H.4 356, illustration 1). Tagare renders tilarina- with tailatva-, ] 367. Tirininaba-42 4 8 'the ocean,' [samudra- (gl.); the relevant passage is="tumga-taramgam tirininaham,'- 'the ocean with lofty waves.' Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it? cf. hradininatha= 'ocean' (Trisastisalakapurusacarita of Hemacandra II) The word tirininaha- is connected with Sanskrit ttrininatha- 'lord of the rivers' which is not used in this sense in Sanskrit] 368. Dupposa- 48 21 10 (v.1. dughosa-) 'flesh, meat.' [=mamsa-(gl.); connected with Sanskrit dus-+pos-, 'bad food, fordidden food.' * Meat is a forbidden food for the Jainas.] 369. Duvvara- 42 3 7 'worldly existence.' [=samsara- (gl.); Paiasaddamahannavo does not note the word in this sense. duvvarais connected with Sanskrit durvara-= 'irresistible, difficult to ward off.'] 370. Desia- 54 17 7, 57 7 8, 66 3 6, 83 21 4 'a traveller, a pilgrim, a wayfarer.' [=karpatika-, paradesika, paradesaprapta, yatrika, pathika (gl.). Paiasaddamahannavo notes desia, in this very sense quoting from Paumacariya of Vimala, cf. desika- occurring in Br. K, cf. Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary desika (L)= 'a 'traveller'; cf. Kannada desika-='a traveller ') 371. Dehani-43 8 8, 47 2 6, 91 15 2 (v 1. dehina-) 'mud, mire." [=kardama, upalepa (gl.) cf. dehani-panka-, 'mud' (D. 5 48). Trivikrama notes dohani- in the sense of panka- (Trivikrama 3 4 72, 77) The word dehaniconnected with Sk ✓✓ dih-, 'to besmear, to anoint'; so deham- may be an agentive noun from ✓ dih-, meaning 'that which besmears or sticks.' In that case the form dohant- would invite some suspicion. ] 372. Dchaliya- 13 10 1 (v 1 dehala- v.1. dehali)' a limit.* [=maryada(gl.), the relevant passage is -"surasimdhu-sarihi dehaliya dharivi"- 'holding to the limit of the rivers Ganga and Sindhu.' Paiasaddamahannavo records dehalt in the sense of a 'threshold.' The word dehalt is used in Sanskrit in the sense of a threshold.' ] 373 Dhavala-83 7 5, 85 12 16, 86 98 'the best of its kind.' [Compare dharala-=yo yasyam jalau ultamah, 'the best of a kind' (D. 5 57) Iu Sanskrit dhavala- is used in the sense of 'an excellent bull']

349. Jur-'to censure, : Juria-(p p.) 7 5 5. DESYA-LIKE ITEMS 113 [=durvacanaih_nirbhartsitah(gl.), cf. Paiasaddamahannavo jurana=ninda, garhana, 'censure, reproof', cf. ^/ jur-=krudh-, 'he angry' (H. 4 135, Trivikrama3 1 72) cf. Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary Njur-'to be angry with' (Bhattikavya)] 350. Joy 'to see' joyahi (pres. 2 s) 17 6 12, 22 19 6, 82 3 10 b) joya (pres. 3. s.) 16 8 8, 82 3 10 a); joyamti (pres, 3 plural) 3 2 5, 9 2 9, 13 9 13; jayamta (present participle) 17 10 3, 38 4 1, jojivi (abs) 2 12 2 (v. 1. joeppinu) 35 33, 296 6, 39 13 7; noev (absolutive) 15 4 18, joyani(abs) 10 8 13, 12 2 3, 28 20 1, 29 7 4, 30 7 6; joeppinu (abs) 24 9 1, 27 6 13, jorhu (infinitive of purpose) 69 29 5; joyahu (infinitive of purpose) 101 10 10, joz(y)a- (p.p) 3 12 3, 12 18 12, 29 1 13, 83 6 14, 84 4 5, 87 8 4; joiyaa- (pp. enlarged) 13 9 20, 21 7 11. [=thasyinti, drastum, vilokitum, drsta-(gl), cf √ joy-=dr's-, 'to see' (H.4 356) and joana locana-= 'eye' (D 3 50); cf. No joy- occurring in this very sense in Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta (3 7 10), NC, KC, Paumacariu of Svayambhu I and Bh; of G. Jo-oue 'to se.' Connected with Sanskrit yajoy-; sce ND Addenda jokhnu,] 351. No Jhal-'to flow' jhaliya, (past participle) 74 8 6. [=sruta- (gl), cf. M. Jhar-ne 'to ooze, trickle.' Connected with Sanskrit ksar to trickle,'] 352. Jhasayasa-3 14 26 'the ocean.' [=samudra-(gl), the relevant expression is-"ghasavasahu tou"-the water of the ocean.' PSM does not note it. Connected with Sanskrit Jhasavasa-, 'an abode of fish.'] 353. Nai-2 18 1, 5 5 4, 33 9 8, 69 12 14, 70 3 6, 81 4 5, 83 23 5 'as 1 f,' 'as though.' [Compare nat=wa, 'as if' (H 4 444 illustration 2); cf. nai occurring in this very sense in JC (3 25 14), Paumacariu of Svayambhu I, Bhavisayattakaha of Dhanapala. cf Hi nai samana, tulya, 'like, similar.' Derived from Sanskrit jnayate.] 354. Niyayani-25 18 12 'a strap (of leather), a rope' [=varatra (gl) Vaidya renders it with rajju-, The relevant passage is- "bamdhaviu-rae niyayanihi"-the king caused her to be bound with ropes'; Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it Possibly derived from Sk miyamani-] 355. Nitth-'be lost,' 'be destroyed', 'to disappear' ntthat (pres 3. s) 3 3 7 (v.), na{{han), nthya-(past participle) 58 17 1. 15

to friendship are well bound and affectionate.' cf. also tilarina- occurring in KC, at 6 10 5 in this very sense. The relevant passage 1 s- "avarupparu viraiya tilarinalam" - 'to them who had formed an obli gation of friendship between them.' tila- in the sense of sneha- is unusual. cf. tilatara-= snigdhatara (H.4 356, illustration 1), Tagare renders tilarina- with tailatva.... ] 367. Tirininaha-42 4 8 'the ocean,' [samudra- (gl.), the relevant passage is="tumga-taramgam tirininaham,'- 'the ocean with lofty waves' Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it of hradininatha= 'ocean' (Trisastisalakapurusacarita of Hemacandra II) The word tirininaha- is connected with Sanskrit tirininatha- 'lord of the rivers' which is not used in this sense in Sanskrit] 368. Dupposa-48 21 10 (v.1 dughosa-) 'flesh, meat.' [=mamsa-(gl.), connected with Sanskrit dus-+pos-, 'bad food, fordidden food.' Meat is a forbidden food for the Jainas.] 369. Duvvara- 42 3 7 'worldly existence ' [=samsara (gl.), Paiasaddamahannavo does not note the word in this sense duvvarais connected with Sk, durvara-= 'irresistible, difficult to ward off.'] 370. Desia 54 17 7, 57 7 8, 66 3 6, 83 21 4 'a traveller, a pilgrim, a wayfarer.' [=karpatika-, paradesika, paradesaprapta, yatrika, pathika (gl). Paiasaddamahannavo notes desia- in this very sense quoting from Paumacariya of Vimala, cf. desika- occurring in BI K, cf. Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary desika (L)= 'a traveller'; cf. Kannada desika-'a traveller.'] 371. Dehani-43 8 8, 47 2 6, 91 15 2 (v 1 dehina-) 'mud, mire.' * [=kardama, upalepa (gl) cf dehani=panka-, 'mud' (D. 5 48). Trivikrama notes dohani- in the sense of panka- (Trivikrama 3 4 72, 77) The word dehani- 1 s connected with Sk Ndih-, 'to besmear, to anoint', so dehani- may be an agentive noun from ✓ dih-, meaning 'that which besmears or sticks.' In that case the form dohant- would invite some suspicion. ] 372. Debaliya- 13 10 1 (v 1 dehala- v 1 dehali)' a limit.' [=maryada(gl.), the relevant passage is-"surasimdhu-sarihi dehaliya dharivi"'- 'holding to the limit of the rivers Ganga and Sindhu.' Paiasaddamahannavo records dehalt in the sense of a 'threshold' The word dehali is used in Sanskrit in the sense of a threshold.' ] 373 Dhavala- 83 7 5, 85 12 16, 86 9 8 'the best of its kind.' [Compare dhavala-=yo yasyam jatau uttamah, 'the best of a kind' (D. 5 57). In Sanskrit dhavala- is used in the sense of 'an excellent bull"]

. Dhavala-85 12 15 'a kind of song.' 117 " - [=dhavala-gita- (g 1 ); the relevant passage is - "hari gouli dhavalahi gyjai 'Hari was sung in Gokula with 'dhavala" songs Alsdorf renders davala with 'praise song-' Paiasaddamahannavo notes dhavala- in the sense of chandavisesa, cf. dhavala-, 'a name of metre' (Chandonusasana of Hemacandra 5 4 6), cf G. dhol, 'devotional or marriage songs in which the divine persons or the bridegroom are eulogised' Compare Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary dhavala= '(in music) name of Raga (Kathasaritsagara) and dhavali= 'a kind of metre' (Colebrook) ] 375. ✓ Dhuv-'to season or treat the curry or vegetable with heated oil or ghee, with assafoetida, mustard, onions etc'. dhuvai (pres 3 s.) 5 15 10. [=vaggharayati praleha-nimittam 'kadhi' iti (gl), the relevant passage is - "dhuvai duddhu takku na nihalai "- '(she) treats milk with heated oil, spices etc. and misses the buttermilk'; cf. Paiasaddamahannavo dhuvia-= 'treated with assafoetida etc' dhuvai occurs in NC at 5 8 14 and is rendered by the editor with dhunot. The context in Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta is the description of the woman at the sight of Nagakumara. The relevant passage here is-"dhuvai khiru kavi jalu mamthar"- 'a certain lady (absent-mindedly) treats milk with heated oil, spices etc. and churns water.' Hence here also ✓ dhuv- appears to have been used in the same sense as in MP.No dhuv- is connected with Sanskrit No√dhup-, 'to heat.' For the words. vaggharayati and kadhi given in the gloss see Appendix.] 876. Pair-'to sow'; pairesami (future 1. §.) 32 21 6. [=vapsyami (gl); the relevant passage is- "blyai ciramcalai¯nibaddhai vasuvalahu jaivi darisesami, niyapura-namdanavani pairesami" - 'I shall show the seeds tied in the end of the garment to Vasupala and shall Sow them in the garden of my city', cf. M. perne, G. per-vu= 'to sow.' See payariya, ] ✓ pair is connected with Sanskrit prakir- 'to scatter, to throw 377. Pairikka-9 24 12 (qualifies prabha), 66 10 12 (qualifies bhakti), 67 13 3 (qualifies durmali), 71 13 8 (qualifies jala), 76 9 10 qualifies (prabha), 8749 (qualifies kiranamala), 98 13 7 (qualifies manikka) 'abundant, full of, plenty of. [=pracuratara, praguna, pracura (gl); pairikkam=visalam, 'wide' (D. 6 71), cf. Paiasaddamahannavo pairikka-= pracura-, vipula, cf. pairikka- occurring in the sense of 'extensive, huge' in Paumacariu of Svayambhu I. pairikka- is connected with Sk pratinha- derived from Sanskrit ✓ Tc-; cf. atirikta- and atireka-] See Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta, Jain, Hiralal, Karanja, 1933, Glossary.

or give up'; the relevant passage is "anunahi ramu pamayahi jujjku" ='propitiate Rama and avoid or give up the idea of war'.] pamawr is connected with Sanskrit pramada-, 'neglect'. 389. Parai- 16 20 12, 32 26 8, 65 13 11, 69 29 8, 100 4 4 in the morning", 'tomorrow,' 'day after tomorrow,' 'the other day', [=prabhate, parcdyuh(g 1,). Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it cf. parae occurring in this very sense in PC II and III; cf. M. parva, 'on the day after tomorrow' and Konkani para, 'day after tomorrow'. parai is connected with Sanskrit prage; cf. Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary prage= 'early in the morning, at dawn, at day-break' and pragelana= 'relating to the next day'.] 390. ✓ Parilhas- 'to slip down, to fade'. ] parilhasamti (pres. 3. plural) 12 20 9, parilhasiya- (p.p) 5 19 5. [=hinam jatam(g]): pari+lhas.-. See No lhas-.] 391. Pahulla- 25 8 5 (v. 1 prhulla~) 'a flower'. - [=puspa-(gl); Vaidya renders it with prabhuta-. The relevant passage is - "nio ""jo pahulla-sayao" - 'the flower-arrowed one (i.e. the Love-god) was conquered'. pahulla- is derived from Sanskrit pra-+phulla, 'that which has bloomed'. See phulla-.] 392. Padala 35 11 2, 61 11 12, 83 21 7, 98 18 14, 99 17 20 'a swan', 'a flamingo'. [=hamsa-(gl.), cf. padala hamsa-, 'a swan'. (D 6 76; Trivikrama 3 4 72, 789); cf. padala- occurring in this very sense in Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta, KC, Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta (3 16 10). Connected with Sanskrit patala- pink or pale red. The flamingoes appear to be so called because of their hue.] 393. Padalia 55 4 7 'variegated'. - [=karburam (gl.), cf. Paiasaddamahannavo padalya 'made red and white'; cf. MW patalita- 'made red, reddenea', (W). padala- is connected with Sanskrit patala 'a mixture of red and white, pink or pale red'.] - 394. Padabia 24 4 13 'dancing-master', [=natyacarya(gl.); cf. PSM padalva-= 'a drum-beater, a drummer'. In Sanskrit patahika- is not used in the sense of 'a dancing-teacher'. It must have been the practice for the teacher of dancing to play on the drum while the pupil danced. Hence secondarily padahia- came to mean 'nayacarya-,.] 395 Piyamahaviya- 40 4 16 'the female cuckoo'. [=priya madhavilata yasyah sa kokila(gl.), cf. pramahavi kokila-, 'the female cuckoo' (D. 65 1; Pai. 63), cf. piyamahaviya- occurring in this

. Dhavala-85 12 15 'a kind of song.' 117 " [=dhavala-gita- (gl), the relevant passage is - "hari gouli dhavalahi gujjar 'Hari was sung in Gokula with 'dhavala" songs' Alsdorf renders davala with 'praise song-' Paiasaddamahannavo notes dhavala- in the sense of chandavisesa, cf. dhavala-, 'a name of metre' (Chandonusasana of Hemacandra 5 4 6), cf. G. dhol, 'devotional or marriage songs in which the divine persons or the bridegroom are eulogised' Compare Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary dhavala= '(in music) name of Raga (Kathasaritsagara) and dhavali= 'a kind of metre' (Colebrook) ] 375. ✓ Dhuy- 'to season or treat the curry or vegetable with heated oil or ghee, with assafoetida, mustard, onions etc' dhuvai (pres 3. s.) 5 15 10. [=vaggharayati praleha-nimittam 'kadhi' ati (gl), the relevant passage is - "dhuvai duddhu takku na nihala " '(she) treats milk with heated oil, spices etc and misses the buttermilk', cf. Paiasaddamahannavo dhuva-= 'treated with assafoetida etc' dhuval occurs in Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta at 5 8 14 and is rendered by the editor with dhunoti.¹ The context in Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta is the description of the woman at the sight of Nagakumara The relevant passage here is-"dhuvai khiru kav jalu mamthar"- 'a certain lady (absent-mindedly) treats milk with heated oil, spices etc. and churns water.' Hence here also √ dhuv- appears to have been used in the same sense as in MP.Nodhuv- is connected with Sanskrit Nodhup-, 'to heat.' For the words vaggharayati and kadhi given in the gloss see Appendix. ] 376. Pair-'to sow'; pairesami (future 1. s) 32 21 6. [=vapsyami (gl.); the relevant passage 1 s- "biyai ciramcalai nibaddhai vasuvalahu jaivi darisesami, niyapura-namdanavani pairesami" 'I shall show the seeds tied in the end of the garment to Vasupala and shall sow them in the garden of my city'; cf. M. perne, G. per-ou= 'to sow.' See payariya-, ] - ✓ pair is connected with Sanskrit prakir- 'to scatter, to throw.' 377. Pairikka-9 24 12 (qualifies prabha), 66 10 12 (qualifies bhakti), 67 13 3 (qualifies durmali), 71 13 8 (qualifies jala), 76 9 10 qualifies (prabha), 87 49 (qualifies kiranamala), 98 13 7 (qualifies manikka) 'abundant, full of, plenty of'. [=pracuratara, praguna, pracura (gl); pairikkam= visalam, 'wide' (D. 6 71), cf. Paiasaddamahannavo pairikka-= pracura-, vipula, cf. pairikka- occurring in the sense of 'extensive, huge' in Paumacariu of Svayambhu I pairikka- is connected with Sanskrit prali=+nikka- derived from Sanskrit Noric-, cf. atirihla- and alireka- ] ICC NL qing Jani, Hiralal, Karanja, 1933, Glossary,

or give up"; the relevant passage is "anunahi ramu pamayahi jujjhu" ='propitiate Rama and avoid or give up the idea of war'.] pamali is connected with Sanskrit pramada-, 'neglect'. 389. Parai- 16 20 12, 32 26 8, 65 13 11, 69 29 8, 100 4 4 'in the morning', 'tomorrow,' 'day after tomorrow,' 'the other day'. [=prabhate, paredyuh(gl.) Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it. cf. parae occurring in this very sense in Paumacariu of Svayambhu II and III, cf. M. parva, 'on the day after tomorrow' and Konkani para, 'day after tomorrow'. parai is connected with Sanskrit prage; cf. Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary prage= 'early in the morning, at dawn, at day-break' and pragetana= 'relating to the next day'.] ✓ Parilhas 'to slip down, to fade'. ] parilhasamti (pres 3 plural) 12 20 9, parilhasiya- (pp) 5 19 5 [=hinam jatam(gl). pari+lhas.- See ✓lhas-.] 391. Pahulla 25 8 5 (v. 1 pihulla_) 'a flower' is - [=puspa-(gl); Vaidya renders it with prabhuta-. The relevant passage "nio pahulla-sayao" - 'the flower-arrowed one (1 e. the Love-god) was conquered'. pahulla- is derived from Sk pra-+phulla, 'that which has bloomed'. See phulla-.] 392. Padala 35 11 2, 61 11 12, 83 21 7, 98 18 14, 99 17 20 'a swan', 'a flamingo'. [=hamsa-(gl), cf. padala hamsa-, 'a swan'. (D. 6 76; Tr 34 72, 789), cf padala occurring in this very sense in NC, KC, JC, (3 16 10). Connected with Sanskrit patala- pink or pale red. The flamingoes appear to be so called because of their hue.] 393. Padalia- 55 4 7 'variegated'. [=karburam (gl), cf. Paiasaddamahannavo padaliya 'made red and white'; cf Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary patalita-= 'made red, reddened', (W). padala- is connected with Sanskrit patala-= 'a mixture of red and white, pink or pale red' ] - 394. Padabia 24 4 13 'dancing-master', [=na{yacarya(gl.); cf. Paiasaddamahannavo padalva-= 'a drum-beater, a drummer'. In Sanskrit patahika is not used in the sense of 'a dancing-teacher'. It must have been the practice for the teacher of dancing to play on the drum while the pupil danced. Hence secondarily padalua- came to mean 'natyacarya-,.] 395. Piyamahaviya- 40 4 16 'the female cuckoo'. [=priya madhavilata yasyah sa kokila(gl.), cf. pramahavi= kokila-, 'the female cuckoo' (D. 65 1; Pa1. 63), cf. piyamahaviya- occurring in this

sense in PC II. The word is a good tadbhava going back to Sanskrit pnyamadhavika. See piyamahavi-, ] 396, Piyamahavi- 41 2 9. 51 9 5 'the female cuckoo'. [=kokila- (gl) See piyamahavya-, ] 397. Pimchanihi- 69 26 7 'a peacock'. [=picchanidhi(") (gl.); the relevant passage is - "Silunu satta tha ekku sthi, osariu sarahu jo pimchanihi" - 'There are 'There are seven peahens and there is one peacock, that one is peacock which moved away from the lake'. PSM does not note it, pimchuniht- is connected with Sanskrit picchanidhu- which means 'a treasure house of feathers' It might have developed this sense as an epithet of peacock which is notoriously full of feathers. ] 398. Pimdi-khamda- 16 8 3 'a sesamum cake used as fodder for cattle, oil cake or the caky sediment of sesamum after the oil is pressed out' [=khala-khanda-(gl), the relevant passage 15- "pimdikhamdu malikhamdu maheppinu"- 'having desired the portion of earth of the value of an oilcake', PSM does not note it. cf M. pend-, Konkani pendi-= 'a sesamum cake used as fodder for cattle, the refuse or nuts from which the oil has been expressed'. Connected with Sk, pinda-+khanda, ] 399. Pisun- 'to tell, to lay down' pisunia-(p.p) 29 18 12,102 12 13 [=pratipaditam (gl), cf. No pisun-kath-, 'to tell' (H 4 2, Pa₁. 145; Trivikrama 3169), cf PSM_pisunia-=sucila-, 'suggested', cf No pisun-occurring in this sense in JC, NC, KC, PC I, Samaraiccakaha of Haribhadra , pisunia-, Sk pisunitainitially means sucitam, 'suggested or conveyed slyly' and hence 'laid down' It is derived from pisuna- 'slanderer, back-biter'.] 400. Pamdariya- 25 6 7, 39 1 7, 47 11 11 'an umbrella, a parasol'. [=chatram(gl) PSM does not record it in this sense, cf. pumdariyaoccurring in this sense in NC and Karakamdacariu, of MW pundarika- (L)= 'a white umbrella'. In Sk pundarika is used in the sense of 'a white lotus' 1 461 Phulla- 3 14 10, 7 22 5, 8 2 6, 8 12 8, 9 28 7, 14 3 13, 1545, 15 22 9, 17 12 11, 22 99, 30 6 6, 30 12 6, 46 13 9, 47 7 2, 48 16 2, 54 186, 58 23 10, 60 29 1, 64 11 4, 65 24 9, 68 4 3, 721 17, 73 2 11, 84 14, 85 3 6, 94 98, 96 7 9, 97 1 8, 100 9 12, 'a flower'. [=puspa-(gl) cf PSM phulla-= 'a flower', cf- phulla- occurring in this very sense in JC (3 21 13), PCI, PC III, cf. MW phulla-= 'a full- 16

blown flower' (Kalika Purana), cf. G, M, Hi, Konkani phul= 'a flower'. In Sk phulla- is used in the sense of 'bloomed, blown'. See pahulla-] - 402. Bambhahara 38 7 5, 44 4 6, 'a lotus'. [=kamalam (gl). The relevant passages are-1) "hamsahi nava-bambhaharanisannah?"-(38 7 5)-' with the swans reclining on the fresh new lotuses' 2) "disa viyasiu bambhaharayaru" (44 4 6)- ' (a pond) with full-blown lotuses was seen' cf bambhahara-kamalam, 'a lotus' (D. 6 91). Trivikrama notes bambhahara-in this sense (Trivikrama 34 72, 51). The word bambhahara- is connected with Sk brahma-grha-, 'the abode of god Brahma'. Brahma has several epithets in Sanskrit conveying his birth from a divine lotus arising from Visnu's navel.] 403 Bahunayana-3 20 8 'the lord of gods, Indra'. [=indra-(gl.), PSM does not note it. bahunayana-in Sanskrit 1 s not current in this sense It knows only of sahasra-nayana-or sahasraksa-.] 404 Bahuvayana-3 20 8' name of the divine serpent, Sesa, said to have one thousand heads'. [=sesanaga-(gl). Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it. bahuvadana-in Sanskrit is not current in this sense] 405 ✓ Bhas-'to prattle, to talk incoherently, to censure': bhasa (pres 3 s) 1 10 14; bhasalu (pres 2 s) 17 14 10. [=nindati, asambaddham pralapasi (gl); the relevant passage 1 s-ta bhanai jaini nipphalu ji bhasahi"-"the son of Rsabha Jina (1. e. Bharata) said, "you are talking incoherently". cf. No bhas-= 'to bark' (H. 4 186) cf. ✓ bhas-in this sense in JC (2 11 6) Derived from Sanskrit √ bhas-='to bark, to growl'.] 406 Bhasana-22 18 2, 81 2 9'a dog'. [Compare Paiasaddamahannavo & Pal. 62 bhasana-= svana-, 'a dog', cf bhasana-occurring in this sense in JC (3 35 4) & Lilaval, cf. MW bhasana-(L) and bhasaka-(L)= 'a dog'l 407 Mayaramda-20 5 6, 69 11 4, 83 10 3, 88 92 'the pollen of a flower." [=makaranda-(gl.) cf. mayaramda= kusumaraja, 'the pollen of a flower' (D. 6 123) In Sk makaranda-has the sense of 'honey, juice of flowers'.] 408. Mayasi-14 1 4 'god' (literally, 'one feeding on nectar³.) [=amrtasi devah (gl), the relevant passage is-"ta patto mayasi maniseharu" there arrived the god Manisekhara'. Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it. The word is derived from Sk amrtasi, 'one feeding on nectar', cf, MW_amrta-pa-='a_god'.]

. Madda-13 2 3, 47 5 2 (v 1. mamda-), 78 5 14 'forcibly, violently, per force'. [=balatkara-, balatkarena, hathat (gl), cf madda=balatkara-, 'force, violence' (D. 6 140, Tr 34 72, 588) cf. madda-occurring in this sense in Paumacariu of Svayambhu III madda-is connected with Sanskrit mrd-, 'rub, knead force* fully' See maddai, maddamadda-mamdar and madde. ] 410. Maddai 18 5 10 (v. 1. mamdar), 32 11 10 (v 1 mamdar) 37 24 10 (v 1. mamdai), 38 17 8'(v.1 mamdai v 1 madai), 71 2 11 (v 1 mamdai), 71 14 9, 72 8 12 (v. 1. mamdai), 8767 (v 1. mamdae v 1 maddaya), 100 33 (v.1. mamdar) 'violently',' forcibly', 'per force'. [=balatkarena, hathat (gl.), cf maddae occurring in this sense in Paumacariu of Svayambhu II. See madda, maddamadda and mamdai and madde. ] 411. Maddamadda 16 25 4 (v 1. mamdamamda) 'forcibly, per force' [Compare mamda mamda occurring in this sense in Paumacariu of Svayambhu I, PC II; cf. G. mamd mamd='with great difficulty' See madda, maddal, mamdar and madde. 1 412. Mamdai 60 24 5 (v. 1 maddar) 'by force, violently' [=balatkarena (gl) See madda, madda, maddamadda and madde.] 413 Madda-(?) 50 14 (v 1 vimadda-) 'a multitude'. [=samuha (gl), For the discussion see vimadda - ] 414. Madde 7 20 6,9 14 10 (v. 1. mamde) 'forcibly, violently' [=hathat, balatkarena (gl) PSM does not note it See madda-, maddai, maddamadda and mamdar.] 415. Mamthani-1 12 9, 38 7 3, 85 6 5 (v. 1. mamthini) 'a churning vessel'. [=gopt-(g] at 1 12 9), dadhibhanda-(g) at 85 65) At 1 12 9, the context is the description of Rajagrha-; the gloss gives gopt- as the meaning of mamthani-, but it would be better if we take it in the sense of 'churning vessel,' as the noise of churning vessels is peculiar to a particular place Both in Sanskrit and Pk manthan- is recorded in the sense of 'a churning vessel' and the word is not known in the sense of gopi, 'a cowherdess.' Hence we can take mamthani- at 1 12 9 to mean a dadh-bhanda- The relevant passages are - 1) "mamthamam. thiya-mamthani-ravai" (1 12 9) = 'with the noises of the churning vessels being churned with the churning stick' 2) "dahiya-virolana-mamthanighosai (31 7 3)-'with the noises of curds being churned in the churning vsssel' 3) "ena mahart mamthani bhaggi" (85 6 5)-'he broke my churning vessel into pieces' Compare Paiasaddamahannavo mamthania= dadhi-kalasi, 'a vessel for curds.' MW notes manthani- and manthini- in the sense of 'a butter-vat, a vessel for butter' as recorded in Lexicons only.] ""

. Mamda- 20 5 6, 76 7 1, 83 10 3 'abounding in, full of, replete with'. [=pracura-(gl), the relevant passages are 1) "mamda-mayaramda-pumjapimjariya" (20 5 6) - 'made tawny with an abundance of a heap of pollen or a thick heap of pollen.' 2) "devaaaru-mamdan" (76 7 1) -'abounding in pine trees' 3) "mamda-mayaramda"- "abundance of pollen". D. 6 145 and Tr 3 4 72, 778 note mamthara- in the sense of bahu-, 'abundant, much'. Paiasaddamahannavo notes mamthara- in the sense of pracura-, prabhuta quoting from Bhavisayattakaha of Dhanapala. In Sk manthara and manda- share the sense of 'slow'. Because mamthara occurring in Destuamamala and Trivikrama means bahu, pracura-, mamda- also seems to have acquired a parallel sense cf. Kannada manda-= 'thick'] 417 ✓ Mabbhis-'to comfort, to pacify, to assure or promise protection' · mabbhisivi(absolutive) 78 24 14; mabbhisi(y)a-(p p.) 20 25 4 (v 1 mambhisia-), 32 26 3. I 1 [=yuyam bhayam ma kuruta iti uktoa, ma bhaisistoam, asvasitah (gl.); cf. mabhat and mabhisia= abhaya pradanam, 'giving a promise of protection' (D 6 129). cf. mabbhtsadi= ma bhaisih (H. 4 422 illustration 16) Trivikrama also notes mabhat in this sense (Trivikrama 21 30, 124) cf. No mam. bhis occurring in this very sense in PC I, II, III See ✓ mabhis-"] mabbhts is connected with Sk phrase, ma bhaisth, 'do not be afraid'. 418. Mai- 30 10 5 deity, goddess'. [Compare mai= devata-, devi (H. 1 135) Derived from Sanskrit matr-.] 419. Mai 70 20 1 'a familiar term of address to a lady, a term of endear. ing address to a familiar woman I.' [=he matah, he duti (gl.) cf. mai occurring in this sense in Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta and mae in Paumacariu of Svayambhu I, Paumacariu of Svayambhu II. It is vocative form of maa, Sk mata] 420 ✓Mabhis- 'to promise protection' mabhisa (pres. 3. s.) 41 11 3 [See mabbhts-.] 421. Mahimda- 60 9 13 'a buffalo'. i mahisa-(gl). Paiasaddamahannavo does not record mahimda=in this sense, but but cf. mahila-- mahisi-pala, 'a keeper of she-buffaloes' (D. 6 130) cf. MW mahendra (L)= 'a cow'.] 422. Mukka- 95 21 'full-blown,' 'bloomed'. [=mkasita-(gl.), the relevant expression is "pavimala-mukka-kamala" 'pure full-blown lotuses' PSM does not note the word in this sense mukka-is derived from Sk, mukta-= 'released', N muc--'to release'.] -

Obviously the gloss explains mukka- on the basis of the context and thinking that mukta- has here a metaphorical sense of vikasitaThe variant reading "parimukkamala-kamala" appears preferable. In that case we are not required to stretch the sense of parimukka-. We get also the Tamaka in "parimukka-mala-kamala" and the same expression is found used in Svayambhucchandas 423. ✓Mun- 'to know' munami (pres. 1 s.) 81 2 1, munami (pres. 3 plural) 8 11 10, muni (imperative 2, s.) 30 20 7, munur (absolutive) 489 [Compare Amun--jna-, 'to know' (H 4 7, Pai. 162, Trivikrama 2 4 130), cf ✓ mun-occurring in this sense in Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta, Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta, PC I, Paumacariu of Svayambhu II, Bhavisayattakaha of Dhanapala. ✓ mun- is derived from Sanskrit N mna-, 'to learn diligently'.] 424 Muharuha- 66 4 2 'a tooth'. [danta-(gl), the relevant passage is jahi - "bhoyana-patthavai muharuhohu, darisijjai sasiamtasohu" -'where the rows of teeth bright like the moonstone were shown during the feast' PSM does not note it. muharaha-occurs at Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta 3 15 14 in this very sense The relevant passage is "Jiha mahu muharuhaho, tiha eyahu kim dhavalattanu" - "Have their teeth the same whiteness as mine ?"] muharuha-is derived from Sanskrit mukha-ruha-, 'that which grows in or shoots forth from the mouth'. 425 Muhala- 17 3 4 'a conch' "hala-muhala-bolai" - -'the din of musical [The relevant passage is instruments like hola- and conches', of PSM muhala-= sankha (H 1 254), cf Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary mukhara-(L)= 'a conch-shell' The word is with Sk mukhara-, 'resonant with, noisy'] 426. Moggara-71 14 15 'Jasmine flower' [=moggara-puspam(gl), cf. PSM moggara connected 'jasmine' (H 1 116) cf. moggara occurring in this very sense in PC I, of Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary mudgara- (L)= 'a kind of Jasmine'; cf G, M mogra='a species of Jasmine' The word is derived from Sk mudgara-= 'a bud'] 427. Ramg-'to move on all fours or the belly,' 'to crawl' ramgamta-(present participle) 4 1 2, 4 5 3, 47 6 8, 85 6 3, 91 11 1, ramgamana (pres. p) 29 17 3 [=janubhyam calan (gl) PSM notes ✓ramg- in the sense of 'move to and fro³, cf. Noramg-occurring in the sense of 'crawling' in Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta (2 32 7), KC, cf. M rangne= 'to crawl or creep, to move along on all fours or the belly'. In Sk ✔rang- 1 S used in the sense of 'to move to and fro, to rock']

Rittha(ya-) 12 7 3, 12 17 8, 74 10 10, 98 2 10 (v 1 rithiya-) 'a crow'. [=kaka- (gl). cf. rittha-=kaka-, 'a crow' (D 7 6; Pai 67, Trivikrama 1 2 109, 10), cf. MW arista-(L)= 'a crow'. See ritthini-] The word nittha- is connected with Sanskrit arista-= 'misfortune', 'evil omen' Because the crow is considered inauspicious, it might have been referred to as rittha-, cf. Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary arista-= 'boding misfortune (as birds of ill-omen etc.)' (Adbhuta Brahmana). 429. Ritthini-71 6 13, 71 7 3 'a female crow'. [See rittha-] 430. Lai-1 4 6, 4 8 7, 5 16 14, 29 3 1, 29 3 3, 46 5 6, 82 9 8,84 72 'a particle with shades of meaning of granting, offering, appealing and inviting some action, also used in the sense of "very much". [Compare PSM la= 'lo, well'; cf la occurring in JC, SR, Karakamdacariu, Paumacariu of Svayambhu I, II, III, Bhavisayattakaha of Dhanapala. , cf G, H₁. le= 'an expletive' and M. lai= 'an interjection, also means 'very much, exceedingly numerous' Formally it is imperative 2 Singular of ✓ lay- below] 431. ✓ Lay-'to take, to accept : lez (pres 3 s.) 2 1 6, 81 8 1; leppinu(absolutive) 15 23 10, lar(y)a-(past participle) 47 3 9,62 6 6, 69 35 3, laiya-(past participle) 15 24 4. [=grhnati(gl.), cf. le= la, 'to take' (H.4 238) and lara= grhitam, 'taken, caught hold of (D 7 27, Trivikrama 3 4 72, 736), cf. PSM √lay-= 'to take'. cf. lay- occurring in this sense in JC, NC, KC, Paumacariu of Svayambhu I, II, III, Bhavisayattakaha of Dhanapala. See Turner's Nepali Dictionary nu= 'to take'. Turner connects it with Sanskrit ni- aud la.] 432 Lavana-91 21 10 'a kind of dish similar to the East Indian preparation dahivadi'. • [='lavana' ti prthak pakvannam vartate purvadese dahivadivat (gl). PSM does not note it, cf lavana- occurring in this very sense in Paumacariu of Svayambhu II. lavana is connected with Sanskrit lavana-; it is a a salty dish as contras ted with a sweet one For the word dahwadi- given in the gloss see Appendix.] 433. Lhas-'to fall, slip off, drop down, fade': thasai (pres 3.s.) 28 13, 11 4 8, 97 2 6, thasi (y)a-(past participle) 4 16 9, 12 15 12, 23 5 13, 28 28 12, 35 12 4, 39 4 10, 58 17 5, 67 11 7, 69 11 6, 70 12 3, 83 2 5. [=patati, calati, nyunam bhavati, cyuta-, baluh patita-(gl.), cf Nolhas-= srams-, 'drop or slip down' (H 4 197, Tr 31 116) cf. Alhas- occurring in this very sense in Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta, Paumacariu of Svayambhu I, II, III Connected Connected with Sanskrit ✓ hras-, 'be diminished, or lessened'. See ✓ nilhas- and N parilhas -]

. Vatta-32 20 2, 32 205 'spherical stone'. 435 127 [At 32 20 5 the word occurs as the first member of the compound vattultividi-, cf. PSM vatta-(D)= lostaka-, 'a lump or a clod of earth and silaputraka- quoting from Bhagavati Sutra. The word silaputra, is noted from the Sanskrit lexicons by Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary in the sense of 'a little rock, a grindstone' and silaputraka-= 'a grindstone' (MW), Apte's Student's Sanskrit-English Dictionary notes silaputraka-in the sense of 'a small flat stone for grinding condiments upon. Ratancandraji's Prakrit Dictionary notes vattaya- in the sense of 'a ball of lac,' etc 'from Nayadhamma' and vattaya= 'a marble' quoting from Anuttarovavaladasa In Sk, vrtta- is used in the sense of 'round, rounded, circular'.] Vanaruha-4 2 5, 20 23 5, 28 26 9, 54 15 6, 77 13 6 'blood' [=rudhira-(gl), Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it, vanaruha- is connected with Sk orana-ruha-. 'that which is issuing from a wound'-] 436. Vamdana-7 10 8, 60 99, 71 33 1, 76 7 9 'red sandalwood tree' [=raktacandana-(gl.), the gloss at 7 10 8 gives- "vrksa-visesah, pippala ityanye". PSM does not note 1 t; cf. vamdana- occurring at Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta 2 20 4, vamdana- occurs in Paumacariu of Svayambhu II in the sense of asvattha-, vandana-in Sanskrit is not used in this sense. MW notes vandana- in the sense of 'a parasitical plant'. (AV).] 437. Varahi-95 4 3 (v 1. varihi-) 'cuckoo'. [=kokila(gl). The relevant passage is -"namdanavana-varahi-ravarammahi" -'(the city) beautiful with gardens having sweet notes of cuckoos" Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it Generally the word varalu-1 s derived from Sanskrit barhin- in the sense of 'a peacock'. Here the context is not decisive, either of the meanings 'cuckoo' and 'peacock' would suit.] 438. ✓ Valagg-'to ascend' valagga-(p p.) 60 15 11, 81 4 5. [=arudha-, prapta (gl.) The relevant passages are -) "naravai salahi valaggau" (60 15 11) - 'the king mounted the funeral pyre' and 2) navajovvani valaggu" (81 4 5)- 'he attained youth' cf. ✓ valagg-= a+ ruh-, 'to ascend' (H.4 206, Pa₁, 830) and Navalag-= a+ruh-(Tr 31 128), cf ✓ Dalagg- occurring in this very sense in Paumacariu of Svayambhu I, PC III, Bh, Lilavai, cf M valagne= 'to grasp and hug (a tree)' Connected with Sk avalagna-, 'to cling to', hence 'to climb'.] 439. Vaia-10 7 6 'an alchemist who knows the magical properties of mercury, a person in search of those miraculous elements which can transform iron into gold'.

[=rasayanakaraka-(gl.); Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it. The word vaiya-occurs at 86 6 10 in Paumacariu of Svayambhu III where it is glossed - "nidhanotpatana-dhatuvada- vwara-pravesa-karin", cf. rasavara- occurring at Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta 4 11 5. The word vaia, 1 s derived from Sanskrit vadin + suffix -ka- This vadin- can be explained as an abbreviation of dhatuvadin- or rasavadin-, cf. Sanskrit rasavada- 'alchemy', dhatuvada-, 'minerology'.] 440. Vasaramta-81 6 3 'the full-moon day'. [=purnima-dina (gl.), the relevant passage is - "annahi vasaramti vamde. ppinu jina_cerhara" -'on another full-moon day, having saluted the Jina temples'. Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it. vasaramta- is the final ie, the 30 th of the tithis (antima-vasara-). Like Svayambhu (See PC I, Introduction, p. 12), Puspadanta also was from a region using furnimanta months] 441. ✓ Vicchoa-'to separate' · cchoya-(past participle) 60 14 14, 78 21 3, 83 6 13. 1 [=vyogam prapitah, rahitah (gl), cf vicchoha-= vuaha-, 'separation' (D 7 6 2, H. 4 396 illustration 1) cf. PSM √ vicchov- (D)= 'to separate' and vicchaya-(D)= viyoga-, 'separation'; of vicchowa- occurring in this very sense in Bhavisayattakaha of Dhanapala. PC III See vicchoya- ] Connected with Sanskrit vi+ksubh-, 'agitate.' 442, Viccho(y)a- 7 24 6, 29 5 1, 37 11 6, 82 15 3 'separation.' [=yoga- (gl.), cf vicchoya occurring in this very sense in Paumacariu of Svayambhu II, Paumacariu of Svayambhu III, Karakamdacariu; Bhavisayattakaha of Dhanapala. ; cf. old G. vachoho, H 1. bichoh= 'separation, bereavement.' See vicchoa-, ] 443. Vicchoha-77 12 10 'anger, resentment.' krodha (gl); the relevant passage is - "sarala-rattacchi- vicchoha-nyjyaviso" - 'who had surpassed the bull with his glances, direct and red with anger'. cf. vicchoha- occurring in this very sense at Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta 1 16 11. vicchoha- (=Sk viksobha-,) initially means 'agitation, perturbation'; and hence krodha-, 'anger.' cf. vicchoa- and vicchoya- See choha-, PSM, does not note it in this sense ] 444 Vimadda- 50 14 'upheaval ' [The text gives the reading madda- and samuha- as the gloss on it. The relevant passage in the text is - "mayamatta-mahisa, jujjhaviya, maddi "As madda- is not known from elsewhere the reading' maya. matta-mahisa-jujjhana-vimaddi' - 'upheaval created by the fight of intoxicated buffaloes' appears preferable Paiasaddamahannavo records vimadda- in the sense of sangharsa-. In Sanskrit vmarda- is used in the sense of 'rubbing, friction.' See madda-.] -

. Visari 62 4 9, 76 5 4 'a messenger (male or female).' - 129 [=dutika-, duta (gl). The relevant passages are - 1) "namena visari cam, datilaya" (62 4 9)- 'a female messenger by name Candratilaka' and 2) "ta ramahu visari samsuccar" (76 5 4)- 'At that moment the messenger reported to Rama' Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it. The words visari is connected with Sanskrit vi+sr-= 'to go forth in various directions." cf. "visaro sainyam visaranasilatvat" (Tr 14 121, 31).] 446. Saitta-30 1 12, 60 7 6, 71 15 4 'Conscious, attentive, pleased or delighted, happy' - [The gloss at 30 1 12 renders saitta- with 'murcharahitataya sacetanam, the relevant passage is - "salile simciu thiyau saittau" - became conscious, being sprinkled with water.' The gloss at 60 7 6 renders saitta- with savadhana-, the relevant passage is - "hau thu tam joyamtu saittau, ta kamtai siri salili sittau" - 'as I stood attentive looking at my wife, she poured water on me' sailla- at 71 15 4 is glossed as mis prapahcita-. Here santtau goes with pusaa-. parrot.' The meaning misprapahcita-, 'unexpounded,' 'unexplained' does not fit in here. We can take "saitta" in the sense of mudita-, the relevant passage is -"jampamanu navakaliyai mattau, khara-samtau na munai salttau"- the garrulous parrot who was delighted, being intoxicated with the fresh buds, does not know the pangs due to separation.' of sayatta-= mudita-, 'happy, pleased' (D. 8 5). saitta- (v.1. sayatta-) occurs in Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta at 8 7 10 where it is glossed as 'savadhana-', cf. saltta- occurring in the sense of muditain Sandesarasaka of Abdala Rahamana, Bhavisayattakaha of Dhanapala. , Paumacariu of Svayambhu III, saitla occurs at Paumacariu of Svayambhu III 68 37 where it is glossed srastha-. The word salta- is to be connected with Sk sacitla-, 'endowed with reason,' 'conscious,'. 'attentive.' ] 447. Sakkariya- 53 13 3 'burnt to ashes.' [bhasmikrta (gl.), the relevant passage is - "amgu anamgthuyahu tahu sakkariyau" -'the body of him who became bodiless was burnt to ashes'; cf. PSM sakkara-= samskara-, 'ceremony performed on a dead body', cf. sakkariya- occurring in this sense in Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta The word is der 1. ved from Sk samskara-, probably standing for agnisamskara-.] 448. Sadayana-16 1 13, 81 5 3 'a bee' [=satcaranah bhramarah, bhramarah (gl); Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it. The word is derived from Sk sat+ayana-, of MW sadanghri= 'having six feet, a bee' (Kavya literature) See chadayana-.) 449. Sararuhasuhi - 67 5 1 'the sun' ◉ cf [surya (gl); cf. kamala-bamdhu= 'sun' occurring in NC at 36 10. 17

does not note it. The word is derived from Sanskrit sararuha-suhrd- 'a friend of the lotus'; cf. Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary sararuha-(L) and saroruha= 'a lotus', (Kathasaritsagara). ] 450. Sahasani- 59 4 11 (v 1. sahasini v 1. suhasani) 'a peahen.' [=mayuri (gl). the relevant passage is - ,"tam nisunivi rani, nam sahasani, ghanaravina naccar"-'having heard this the queen danced (with joy) just like a peahen on hearing the rumbling of clouds.' Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it See suhasani-.] We can connect the variant suhasani with Sanskrit sukha-+svana-, *sukha. svanika, 'one having a sweet voice 451. ✓ Sas- 'to tell, to say', sasa: (pres. 3 s.) 42 11 12 (v 1. bhasai), [=sasti, kathayali (gl.), cf Paiasaddamahannavo Nosas-= kath-, 'to speak', cf. ^] sas-= kath- (Tr 3 1 69) See Grammatik der Prakrit-Sprachen § 264. Compare ✓ sah-- kath-, 'tell' (H. 4 2). No sas- is connected with Sk sas-= 'to teach, instruct' See sittha- and No sis-.] 452. Sahanaha- 42 4 10 'fire." - [=svahanathah, agnih tyarthah (gl.); the relevant passage is · "drhasihalam sahanaham"- 'the fire having tall flames', Paiasaddamahannavo does not note 1 t; cf. Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary svahapriya (L)= agni. The word sahanaha- is derived from Sanskrit svahanatha-, 'the Lord of svaha, an oblation' that is, 'fire or Agni.'] 453 Sittha-52 16, 102 12 17 'said, told.' [=kathitam (gl), cf. Paiasaddamahannavo sittha-= kathita-, ukta-, 'told' quoting from Surasundaricaru. cf. sittha- in this sense in Paumacariu of Svayambhu I. See ✓sas- and ✓ sts-.] 454. Sibina-2 16 2, 20 5 4, 47 2 4, 54 7 8, 70 10 2 'the female breast.' [=stana_(g.1); cf. sihina- stanah, 'the female breasts' (D. 8 31, Pai, 227, Trivikrama 14 30, 36) cf. sihina- occurring in this very sense in Paumacariu of Svayambhu I, Paumacariu of Svayambhu III, Bhavisayattakaha of Dhanapala. , Lilavai, Caupanna Mahapurisacariu of Silanka The word sihina- is connected with Sanskrit siklun, 'endowed with trailing points or nipples.' ] 455. Sis-'to tell, speak': sisai (pres. 3. s) 57 5. [kathyate (gl), cf. No sis-kath-, 'to speak' (H. 4 2), cf. / sis- occurring in this very sense in JC, Bhavisayattakaha of Dhanapala. , PC I. May be derived from Sanskrit *ssy. See sas- and sittha-.] 456. Sisakka-19 2 2 'the husk of grain, chaff or outer covering of grain." [=kukasam, tusam (gl.), the relevant passage is - "tai vi sisakka-bhara-,

dharai" DESYA-LIKE ITEMS 131 they are carrying husk (on their heads)' Paiasaddamahannavo does not note the word in this sense, cf. MW srsaka (L)= 'the top of any thing.' For the word kukasa- given in the gloss see Appendix. sisakka-is connected with Sk Sirsaka, cf Sk siraska, sirastrana 'helmet', 'covering,' husk' is a special development.] 457. Suragiri-44 6 7 'mount Meru.' [Compare Paiasaddamahannavo suragiri- meru parvala-, of suragiri occurring in this very sense in Yt, and Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta (13 14) Literally the word means 'God's mountain', of Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary suragini-= 'god's mount, mount Meru' (Balaramayana). ] 458. Suragura-47 13 11 'Name of a nastika acarya, one of the propounders of Atheism.' [=carvaka- (g 1), of Paiasaddamahannavo suraguru= 'a propounder of atheistic sect'; cf suraguru in the sense of Brhaspati occurring in Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta This may be the same as the well-known carvakaradi Brbaspati.] 459 Suhasani-59 4 11 'a peahen' [For the discussion see sahasani-. ] 460 Sokkhagahi- 76 6 1 'oue who snatches away happiness, remover or destroyer of happiness' [=sukhoddalaka- (gl), Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it sukha-grahaka- is not used in Sanskrit in this sense Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary notes grah- in the sense of 'take away (by robbery)') 461. Somdala-856 'an elephant' [=hasti~ (gl); the relevant passage 1 s - "maya-malla-camda-somdala-lila"- the sport of intoxicated and fierce elephants', Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it; cf sundala-='elephant' (Yasastilaka-campu). The word somdala- is connected with Sanskrit Sundala-, 'possessing a trunk', of MW sundala-(L)=' possessing a trunk, an elephant'. ) 462. Sohala-83 6 1 'very delicate' [=sukomala- (gl.); PSM does not note it; of sohala= 'beautiful (SR) The word sohala- is connected with Sanskrit Sobhayukla-, 'beautiful', and hence 'delicate.' It might have been contaminated with somala- or *soala-<Sanskrit sukumara-]