Part 2.1 - Items only derivable from Sanskrit

A DESYA-LIKE ITEMS¹ 1 2 Items ouly derivable from Sanskrit. Tadbhavas with specialised or changed meaning 3 Items partly derivable from Sanskrit (a) Items formed by Prakrit suffixation. (b) Analogical formations (c) Items derived through any other mode 4. Items that have correspondents only in late Sanskrit lexicons and Similar sources, 1 2 00 3 4 5 1 1. ITEMS ONLY DERIVABLE FROM SANSKRIT ✓ Aimal to walk slowly and gracefully'. atmalha (pres. 3 s.) 15 18 7 - [=mandagamanam karoti (gl.), cf aimalhiraya-zatisaya.lilayukta, atimanthara- (SK) aimalha is connected with ali+madra-. See√ malh- and malhana-] Anihana-46 3 13, 49 12 3, 57 2 4 'abundant, nonperishable, endless'. [=pracura-(gl at 46 3 13), avinasvara-, ananta-(g) at 49 12 3). This word is not recorded in Paiasaddamahannavo Derivable from Sk andhana-, 'endless'. Later on the meaning might have developed to 'mexhaus tible, abundant'. ] ✓ Apphal-'to strike violently, to twang the bow string' apphalia-(pp) 12 15 4, 28 29 1 [Compare PSM Noapphal-= 'to strike occurring in this sense in PC I and with the hand', cf. No apphalasphal in Tri III See ND aphalnu='to throw' Napphal- is derived from Sk a+sphal-, 'to strike'.] Apphod- 'to slap ones arms with palms' apphodat (pres 3 s) 4 4 12. [=harena bhujam tadayati (gl) The contex 1 S that of a malla-, 'boxer' displaying bis talents before the Lord in order to entertain him of PSM No apphod-'to beat' Derived from Sk a+sphot-.] √Abbhitt 'to confront in a battle, to encounter' For words of this type found in Hemacandra's Desinamamala, see Bh ed by Dalal and Gune (GOS), Introduction, p 65.

6. 7. DESVA-LIKE ITEMS 55 abbhitta- (p.p) 32 6 13, 52 12 13, 52 14 15, 54 3 13, 59 13 8, 75 6 2, 75 8 11, 77 8 15, 78 14 14, 82 7 8, 82 12 13, 88 4 15, 99 18 10. [=sanghattam praplah (gl), cf. abbhittha-(obviously an error, misprint or worng reading for abhitta-) cited in FSM from PV, of √abbhitta occurring in the same sense in PC I, PC III Derived from Sanskrit a+smit- See Jabhid- and /bhid ✓ Abbhid-'to confront in a battle', 'to encounter' abbhidamla-(pres p.) 78 16 4, abbhida -(pp.) 19 19 12, abbhidi( y )a (p.p) 52 15 4, 56 1 2,75 1 2, 77 3 4, 78 1 2,83 22 6, 84 4 11, 88 7 16; abbhidin (absolutive) 52 12 15 [Compare Nabbhid= samgam-, 'to meet' (H 4 164, Tr 3 1 100) and abbhidia- (Pai. 548). cf Nabbhid- occurring in this very sense in PCI, II, III, NC, KC Derived from Sk -a+smit See Nabbhitta-and bhid-] Alayadda-54 15 17 'a water-snake.' [=jalasarpa-(gl), the relevant passage is-"padil anhe kanhahu patthaviu, alayaddu uddamauf aidiharu kalau pamcaphadu, bhiyaru maranakamau||"- 'Prativasudeva sent against Krsna a powerful water-snake, which was long, black, fierce, five-hooded and bent on killing' This word is not recorded by PSM The word is derived from Sk alagarda-, cf MW alagarda='a water-serpent (the black variety of the cobra de capello)' qouted from Susruta.] 8 Allaa-71 16 8 'wet, moist', Allallaa-48 1 9, 93 14 1 'greatly wet,' [=ardia-' ardrardra- (gl.), cf alla--ardra-, 'wet' (H 1 82 ); cf. allaoccurring in this sense in PC I, Paumacariu of Svayambhu III. Derived from Sk ardraSee Grammatik der Prakrit-Sprachen § 111 and § 294] 9 Allaya-31 24 4 'Aerrhoa Carambola' or 'ginger'. - = karamara- (gl) According to the commentator allaya- is equivalent to karamara-, that is, karmaraka-. In the context the meaning 'ginger' also fits in well The relevant passage is "dahollu allaya-misiyau bhoyanu"-'the meal moist with curds and mixed with ginger'. cf. Paiasaddamahannavo allaya-=ardraka-, 'ginger', cf. M, ala-, Konkani alle= 'ginger'. kara. mara is found at MP 9 10 9 and at Paumacariu of Svayambhu II 50 11 10, 51 23, as karimara at PC I 318 is derived from Sk ardraka- 'ginger.' ] 10 Allaya-dala-85 14 8 'a slice of ginger'. - [The commentator appears to have taken allaya-dala-in the sense of patra-bhajana-, 'a leaf cup' or 'a green leaf', as sometimes a plantain-leaf is used as a dish or plate even to this day But the in-

terpretation offered above is more natural The relevant passage is- "allaya-dala-dahi-olliya-kurahi"-with rice mixed with curds and a slice of ginger' See allaya- ] 11 Avada=35 16 8, 90 4 17 'a well.' [-kupa-(gl), cf avada--kupa-' a well' (D 1 53), cf avada-occurring in this very sense in Sam K (index sv) of avata-='a pit, a well' (Supplement to JO 1 vol X, no 2 page 106), Burrow notes avata- in the sense of 'a spring'' avata-1 n Sk is well known in the sense of a' hole, vacuity in the ground', ef MW avata-='a hole, vacuity in the ground' (Sama Veda) and avatu (L)= 'a well', cf. G. havad-waterless (well)'] 12 Avaher-'to disregard, to disrespect' avaherami (pres l.s) 16 25 14, avahari(y)a- (p. p) 78 249, 96 54, avaheryjjai (pass 3 s ) 28 8 10 [=niradria- (gl. at 96 5 4), at 16 25 4 gloss loosely equates avaherami with vancayami, cf.No avaher-in the same sense occurring in Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta See avahera-,avaherana-,avaheri-,] There is a confusion in the evolution of this base, cf. Paiasaddamahannavo No avahir-= ava-dhiray-'to insult, disregard', avahirana -zavahelana-, 'disregard', avahiria-=avadhirita-, tirashrta- Besides, there are Vavahil-and avahelaa- (tiraskaraka-)and avaheri-=avahela-, tiraskara- It appears that normally avadhir-should develop as avalar-. But influenced by avahel- it has become avaher.-Compare also Nhil-, 'to disregard', hala-= anadara-, 'disrespect' and hela-=tiraskara- noted by PSM.Besides, cf. Sanskrit √hed-= 'to disregard, slight, neglect' and heda-, 'disregard', cf. M. her--'of little estimation, trifling'. 13. Avahera-91 13 2 'disregard, disrespect'. [=avajna-(gl.). See ✓ avaher-, avaherana, avaheri-] 14. Avaherana -5 7 9 'disregard, contempt'. [=avagananam (gl), cf. avahelana, 'disrespect' (Yasastilaka-campu). Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary notes avagananam in the sense of 'disregard, contempt' as recorded in Lexicons only. See/avaher-, avahera-, avaheri-,] 15. Avaheri-23 7 4 'disregard'. 16 [Compare avahert-in this very sense occurring in Paumacariu of Svayambhu I. See Navaher-, avahera-, avaherana-] Avara-9 25 13 'within no time, immediately' [The relevant passage is- "cakku cimdhu tahu hor avariu"- 'he immediately acquires the discus and flag', cf. avare occurring in this very sense in PC.I. Derived from Sanskrit *a-vanta-, cf. vara-time, turn'.] 1. See Burrow, Sanskrit Language, page, 96

. ✓Aiddh-to put on or fasten an ornament or garment' aɩddha- (pp) 1 12 13, 7 21 14, 73 27 8 57 [=parihita-( gl at 73 27 8 ), at 1 12 13 the gloss equates arddha, with grhitam, of PSM aiddha-parihita-, 'worn, put on', of ✓ arddh- and Vayjh- occurring in this sense in PC II] addha is rende ed by the gloss at 1 12 13 with grhita-, 'accepted or taken' This is a general rendering The exact meaning is 'worn, put on'. Here "bhusanu nam aiddhau' means 'as if an ornament is worn'. The relevant passages are as follows. 1 ''kannahi kumdalas aiddhar" (7 21 14) 'ear-ornaments were fastened on the ears' and 2 "naiddhau kamcuu daiyadinnu" (73 27 8)'the 'coli' given by the beloved was not worn'. In this very meaning Noaiddh- occurs at PC II 35 49 where the relevant data for the occurrence and meaning of the word are also given. Compare aijh occurring at PC I 263 in this very sense; the relevant passage is-"kumdala-juyalu jhatti ayjhai"- 'a pair of ear-ornaments are put on hurriedly' Compare also aiddhaya- occurring in this sense at Paumacariu of Svayambhu I 14 9 b) where the passage is-"sire seharu arddhau"- 'a crest was worn on the head'. D 2 23 notes kannaimdhana- in the sense of karnasyabharanam kundaladi, where aimdhana-is a noun from arddh-or/aimdh-.Paiasaddamahannavo gives Avimdh-'to put on' and avimdhana- 'putting on' Accordingly, Ramanujaswami's doubtful surmise to derive aimdhana-from acinha. is to be rejected. Naiddh is connected with Sanskrit a+vyadh, 'to pin on' See paimdhana., 18. ^/Adhav- 'to commence, to begin' I. adhatta- (pp) 58 12, 20 23 1, 28 27 18, 36 17 13, 37 21 7, 52 5 5, 52 18 19,52 25 22, 60 27 13, 61 15 9, 61 23 2, 73 13 8, 77 1 13, 7 77 6 6, 83 19 5, 92 92, 95 2 9, 99 6 14, 99 19 16, adhappai (pass pres 3 s) 32 23 2, 87 5 12. /adhav-a+rabh-, 'to begin' [=arabdha-, prarabdha-, arabhyate (gl), cf (H 4 254) and adhatta- arabdha-(H 2 138, Pai 789), cf. √ adhapp-= √a+rabh- (Tr 24 83), The word adhatta- occurs in Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta at 2 13 6 and 3 38 14 and the editor has given the meaning as adrta-, ajnapta-. But the meaning arabdha-suits the context in both the places Compare adhapp- occurring in this very sense in Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta, PC,I, Sam K, CMC, page 6 line 7, page 135 line 18, etc] Grammatik der Prakrit-Sprachen explains Nadhav- as the causal base from adha derived from Ska+dha-¹. See vidhapp- and vidhattSee Grammatik der Prakrit-Sprachen, §223 8

Alava (i) ni-3 8 3, 3 18 7, 83 14 9, 93 10 8 'a type of lute" Alava(i)ni-3 (=vina-, tantri-vadya-vi sesa-(gl). cf alavani- occurring in NC and Paumacariu of Svayambhu I. See notes on Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta page 194 for a note 011 the word alavini-. Compare MW alapini-='a lute made of a gourd'.] 20 ✓ Alumc-'to pluck', 'to pull out (w.r. to hair)' alumcia-(pp.) 63 66 [Compare PSM √ lumc-= 'to pluck the hair', cf. ✓alumc- occurring in this sense in PC I, cf loa- (Apabhramsa ), loca-(Jain Sk)'= 'plucking of hair preparatory to taking ordination or renunciation', of also MW / lunc-= 'pluck, pull out', No alunc-='to tear into pieces' and ulluncana.=' the act of pulling or tearing out, plucking out (eg, the hair)' 21 Ahuttha-11 25 2 'three and a half' [ardhacaturtha (gl.); cf ahuttha- occurring in this sense in Paumacariu of Svayambhu II; cf G uth, umthu= 'three and'a half' ahuttha- is dervied from Sanskrit ardha, catusta-.] 22 Ukkhamdhe- €0 20 5 (v 1. okhamdhi) 'in order to attack'. 23 [The meaning given in the gloss, namely "asvam aruhya" appears to be a free guess The relevant passage is- "ukkhamdhe gau kesava-namdanu"- 'Kesavanandana went in order to fight'; cf. PSM ukkhamdha-, okkhamdha-= avaskanda 'siege, attack'; cf. ukkhamdha- occurring in the sense of 'attack, invasion' in PC II and Paumacariu of Svayambhu III. So, 'attack' is a more likely meaning than 'riding on a horse'. ukkhamdha- is connected with Sanskrit avaskanda-, 'attack, assault') Utthalla 14 10 1 (v 1 ucchalla-) 'surging up, spraying up'. salilutthalla- jalenotpatitah (gl); cf. ✓ utthall-ucchal-, 'fly upwards' (H. 4 174), utthalla-= parwartana-, 'turning round violently' (D. 193) and utthallapatthalla-= parsva dvayena parivartanam, 'turning on both the sides' (D. 1 122, Tr 2 1 30, 41), cf √utthall- occurring in the sense of 'be thrown up' in Paumacariu of Svayambhu I. Bh and ucchal-in JC, cf G. uthal-vu- 'to be set upside down, get displaced violently'] From an etymological point of view ✓ utthall-1 s connected with Sk ud+sthal-, 'to leave one's original position, be displaced', cf H uthal puthal 'to make upside down, loose balance and fall topsyturvy'. ✓ utthall-is generally associated with uprooting some solid thing or object. The same meaning is found in Gujarati; cf. G uthal.vu 'to be set upside down, be dislodged', uthlav-vu 'to cause to tumble down' and uthal-pathal- 'a turning upside down' The commentator connects utthallawith druma-, 'tree' But the arrangement and context

require it to be taken with salila-. In that case the reading "ucchalla" of Manuscript K is preferable, because ucchalla- means 'surging or spraying up' The confusion between -ccha- and -ttha- in the manuscripts is frequent The relevant passage with the variant reading 1 s- "salilucchalla-rella. padipellana-haya-duma-vigaya-rimchao" which can be rendered as follows. 'The parrots which had gone away from the trees, being lashed by the onrush of the flood created on account of the surging mass of waters'. 24. ✓Uddal- 'to snatch away, carry off' Uddaliya-(p.p) 91 65. [Compare uddal-= a+chid-, 'to snatch away' (H 4 125, Trivikrama 3 1 66); Cf./uddal-occurring in this very sense in Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta, Karakamdacariu, PC I, Paumacariu of Svayambhu III. Tagare traces it to OIA. utdal-.Nuddal-1 s connected with Sanskrit ud+daray-] 25. Uppil 'to push, press hard' uppiliya-(pp) 86 3 8 (v.1 uppelliya-) [Alsdorf renders it with utpidita-, the variant reading uppelliya. 1 s preferable in view of the context; cf.^/ uppil- occurring in this very sense in Caupanna Mahapurisacariu of Silanka, page 63 line 20 and page 64 line 16 Derived from ut+pid- ] 26. Upphala- 31 15 6 'sound of the drum'. [-pataha-dhvani -(gl.) D.1 90 notes upphala- only in the sense of durjana-, 'a wicked person'. This is obviously not connected with the above word. Compare asphalaka-= 'drummer' (Up K), upphala is connected with Sk ul+sphal-, cf. Apte's Student's Sanskrit-English Dictionary a+sphal-, 'to strike, play upon' (Sisupalavadha)] 27. ✓Ummell 'to bloom, open, see'. ummellahi (pres 2 s,) 85 17. [=avalokaya (gl.), cf. PSM √ummill-= 'to bloom'.) ; Here the gloss records "avalokaya" as the meaning of ummellahl Most probably the connection between the two can be established like this Pk ummella-, Sk ummila- vikasita- Primarily it means 'to bloom' and secondarily' to open' As applied to eyes, it means, 'to open the eyes and see'. Secondarily, because Vrsabha (whose eyes were compared to lotus-petals) was practising penance with his eyes closed, the use of ✓ ummell- in this connection can be well taken to siginify 'seeing'. However, avalokaya is but a free-rendering of ummellahi 28 Ulla- 25 4 9, 73 5 6 'wet, moist'; ulliya- 1 59, 86 6 1 'moistened"; Ullalla 38 12 1 'greatly wet'

[=ardra-(gl), cf ulla-= ardra- (H. 1 82, Pai 531), cf. ulla-, ulliyaoccurring in this sense in Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta, Usa and. Kams Grammatik der Prakrit-Sprachen connects ulla-with udra-which occurs in Vedic words, anudra- (waterless), udrin- (watery) and samudra- ('gathering together of waters', 'sea') 1. See olla-.] 29 ✓ Ullal- 'to raise, to throw up' ullaliya-(p.p) 8 7 6. [Compare ✓ullal-= ut+namay- (H 4 36), cf ✓ ullal- occurring in the above sense in Paumacariu of Svayambhu I, cf, G, ulal-vu- 'to throw up in the air'.✓ullal- is connected with Sk, ud+lal, 'to jump up, spring up',) 30, Ullol 'to undulate, roll': ullola (past participle) 38 12 14. [Compare Paiasaddamahannavo- ullola-= 'to roll', cf. N ullol- occurring in this sense in PC I; connected with Sk, ud +^/lul_) 31, √ Ulha- 'be extinguished' ulha (pres, 3, s.) 5 5 4, 39 14 7, ulhana (p,p,) 88 18 13 (-jvalarapatam parityajati, angaravastho bhavat (gl. at 5 5 4), vidhyati (gl. at 39 14 7), cf PSM √ulha-= vi-dhma, 'to be extinguished. √ ulha- is derived from ulla-, 'wet'. See ulla- and ulhav-,) 32. Ulhay-'to extinguish' Ulhavahi (pres. 2 s.) 82 4 13 (v.1 olhavahi), ulhavi(y)a-(p p.) 11 31 2, 22 12 9, 79 11 8, ulhavijat (pass. 3.s) 20 18 7. [-vidhmapita-(gl), of PSM ✓ ulhav-=vi+dhmapay-, 'extinguish' (H.4 416, illustration 1); cf. ✓ulhav occurring in this sense in SR, and √ ulhav- in NC, PC.II; cf.G olav-vu- 'to extinguish, put out (fire or light) See ulla-and ulha-.] 33. Urvas-'to make barren, to lay waste to'. uvvasiya-(pp.) 13 11 11. (Compare PSM ✓ uvods-= 'to lay waste to.' Connected with Sanskrit ud-+ vasay-.] 34 Omatth- 'to pour, to spill'; omatthia-(pp) 24 11 10 [The gloss loosely renders it with praksipta-,Noomatth- really means avanamita-1.e 'to bend the vessel so as to pour' The relevant passage 1 S-"khiccahu uppan ghiu omatthiu"-"ghee was poured over the khicn.' A parallel proverbial expression in Gujarati is-"ghi dholayu to khicadi-ma"- 'If the ghee is spilt, it is in khicri That is, if something is spent for the good of one's own Compare Paiasaddamahannavo omattha_(D)=nata-, adhomukha-, 'bent, inclined', and omatthiya-(D) = 'overturned'. cf Kon, umthile='poured, spilt'.') 1. See Puchel §

. Olla-55 5 1, 86 7 14, Ollaa-73 23 9, 88 5 8 'moist, wet', Olliya-24 9 12, 31 24 4, ARUH 293 169 01 22 31 69 11 7, 71 17 12, 72 1 9, 3 10, 88 6 13, 88 19 2, 91 61 32 5 1, 36 7 6, 50 11 9, 66 2 1, 66 9 4, 04 007 76 7 6, 83 22 12, 85 14 8, 85 14 8, 86 88, 87 18 2 'moistened.' [=ardra-,ardrikrta-(gl.), at 85 14 8, olliya-is loosely rendered with misra-. It should be ardra- Here the relevant expression is-"dahi-olliya kura"-rice moistened with curds', hence 'mixed with curds 'cf olla-= ardra, 'wet' (H.1 82) of olla-occurring in this sense in NC, PCI Bhavisayattakaha of Dhanapala. , Kamsavaho of Ramapanivada; cf M. ola-, Konkani olle='wet' See ulla-) 36. Osa-4 19 3,95 12, 39 14 13, 39 18 8, 69 9 7,70 14 7 'dew drops.' [=avasyaya- mihika-, hima-bindu-, tusara-, (gl), ct, osa-= nisajalam, 'dew' humam, frost, snow' (D. 1 164) and osa-= nihara-(Trivikrama 3 4 72, 95), cf. osa- occurring in this sense in Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta-2 4 16, NC, Sandesarasaka of Abdala Rahamana The word osa-is regularly derived from Sk avasyaya, cf. Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary avasyaya-= 'hoar-frost, dew' (Panini 3 1 141). For the word mihika- given in the gloss see Appendix.] 37, √Ohall-to wither, to fade'. ohallia-(past participle) 22 1 3, 32 21 2 (v.1. ohallaa-v.1. ohullia-). [=mlanam (gl), the relevant passages are-1 "ditthau kusumadamu ohalliu" (22 1 3)- 'the flower garland was seen withered' and 2). "ditthau ohalliu kamalananu" (32 21 2)- 'the lotus-face was seen faded'. Paiasaddamahannavo notes ohulla-(D) in the sense of khinna-' 'downcast'. The above root can be connected with Sanskrit ava-+phulla-(ohulla-). In the light of this, the spelling found at 22 13 and at 32 21 2 should be really speaking "ohulliya-". This is further supported by the variant reading at 32 21 2 namely, ohulliya- See ✓ ohull-] 38. Oham- 'to put to shade, to overpower'. ohami (y) a-(pp) 2 8 3, 4 4 4, 7 5 7, 16 4 6, 18 1 5, 23 2 1, 27 1 1, 27 12 5, 29 8 5, 31 11 11, 33 9 2, 39 7 10, 48 4 11, 49 5 6,50 10 10, 54 11 3, 58 3 4, 58 15 1, 621 6, 69 11 9, 80 16 13, 83 15 6, 85 12 15, 86 7 2, 86 11 7, 92 21 4, 989 2. [=tiraskrta-, abhibhuta-(gl.), at 283 the gloss loosely renders ohamiya- with sphetita, cf ohua-abbibhuta,- 'defeated, conquered' (D 1 158) and oamiya-= abhɩbhuta-(Trivikrama 3 1 132, 76), cf also Paiasaddamahannavo ohamiya-(D)=abhibhuta-, tiraskrta- quoting from Sam K. and Ogha-niryukti, ohamiya, occurs at 1 14 7 and at 5 7 12 in Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta in this very sense although it is rendered with tulita-by the editor, cf ohamiyaoccurring in this very sense in PC,I and Lilavai stanza 204 ohamiya-is probably connected with Sanskrit avabhavrta-, No oham-= tul-, 'to weigh' (H. 4 25, Pai 539, Tr 24 97) appears to be different. J

" 62 DESYA WORDS FROM THE MAHAPURANA 39 Ohull 'to fade, to wither' ohullamta--(pres. p) 58 15 6, ohulla-(pp) 70 8 2, ohullyya-(p p.) 7 10 1. 82 15 6 [ohullamta-vayanu susyadvadanah (gl. at 58 15 6), mluna (gl at 70 8 2, 70 10 1 and 82 15 6), cf. Paiasaddamahannavo ohulla-(D)=khinna-, 'downcast, avanala-, 'bent down' quoting from Bhavisayattakaha of Dhanapala. , cf No ohull-occurring in this very sense. in PC I and PC 11 It is not clear whether ohura- in the sense of khinna-, 'distressed, downcast', avanala-, 'bent down' (D. 1. 157) has any connection with ohulliya- Nohull-is derived from Sanskrit ava-+phulla-, 'to fade' as opposed to ut-+phulla-, 'to bloom'; ] 40 Kappana- 46 10 11 'cutting' √ [Compare kapp-= chid- 'to cut' (H 4 57), cf, No kapp-=' to cut' (PC I, Paumacariu of Svayambhu II), of M kap-ne, G kap-vu, Sindhi kapanu=' to cut'; see ND kapnu= 'to cut, hew'. Turner derives kap from Sanskrit kalp, Prakrit kapp, See kampana below'] 41. Kampana (v 1 kappana-) 11 16 10 (v. 1. Lappana) 12 18 7; 28 36 15, 31 7 1, 83 6 6, 'a sort of lance fashioned out of iron', 'a dagger" [=sarvalohamayah kuntah, katari-(gl), Paiasaddamahannavo does not note kampana-, but notes kappani- in the sense of 'scissors'. See kappana- above. For the word katari- given in the gloss see Appendix] 42. Karada 3 20 5, 4 11 1, 17 3 5 'a kind of drum'. -- [Compare PSM karada- (D) vadya-visesa. cf. karada- and karadaoccurring in this very sense in Paumacariu of Svayambhu III, cf Kannada karade= 'an oblong drum beaten on both sides, a sort of double drum'. karada- is derived from Sk- karata, cf. Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary karata-= 'a kind of drum' (Commentary on Varahamihira's Brhatsamhita.) See tunava.-] 43. Karamba-57 1 11 'curds rice' 44 [Compare Paiasaddamahannavo and Pai 440 karamba- dadhyodana-, in support of this meaning PSM quotes from Supasanahacariu; cf. karamba = 'rice mixed with curds' (Supplement to 3 0 I., vol. X, no 2, p. 117); of G karmo= 'an offering of rice mixed with curds and cumin seed'; of MW karamba = 'a kind of gruel' (known in Vedic literature), and karambha 'a cake or flour or meal mixed with curds, a kind of gruel (generally offered to Pusan as having no teeth to masticate hard food' (RV), cf karambhad='epithet of Pusan' (Vedic Mythology by Macdonnel, p. 36)] Karamba (ya)-16 1 13, 39 19 6, 46 39'a multitude, a collection, a mixture'. 1

[=samuha-, sanghata- (gl.); cf PSM karamba- dadhyodana-, 'curds rice;" ef karambia- occurring in the sense of 'mixed' in JC and karamvia- in PC I and PC II, cf Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary karamba = 'mixed', and karambita-= 'intermingled' ] In all the three occurrences 10 Mahapurana of Puspadanta karamba is found used compounded with kusuma- or selimdha- The commentator takes karambato mean 'a heap, a collection' But looking to the usual meaning of karambita in Sk and Pk it does not seem to be just a plain heap, but something like 'a mixed heap' The development of meaning seems to be as follows. Something variegated by adding another thing, and then because of such additions the whole thing would take the form of a mixed heap, and then simply 'a heap or collection' 45: Kal 'to taste,' 'to ascertain by means of tongue" kalai (pres 3 s.) 52 26 [ The gloss loosely renders it with spriati; No kal- really means 'to taste, to ascertain by means of the tongue, and hence 'to touch.' The relevant passage is "ko halahalu jihai kalar"- 'who would taste the deadly poison with the tongue?' So it may be the usual sense of 'tasting and ascertaining', and not 'touching' PSM does not note it. Compaere Apte's Student's Sanskrit-English Dictionary No√kal-= 'to know, to take notice of'] 46. Kaseru- 1 3 12, 37 18 6, 48 21, 58 7 9, 'a kind of grass',' a bulbous root'. [ =trna-, kanda- (gl), cf PSM, kaseru= jaliya-kanda-visesa quoting from Gaudavaho, kaseru occurs at Ne 162, where it is glossed as "kharasua" The editor of NC has explained in the notes that kaseru is a 'kind of grass particularly liked by the boars'.' kaseru occurs in JC also in this sense, of MW kaseru v. 1 kaseru 'a kind of grass with a bulbous root- the root of Scirpus Kysoor' (Susruta) For the word kharasua- given by the gloss in NC see Appendix )] 47. Kahala 3 14 1, 4 11 8, 17 34, 78 26 4 'a war trumpet'. I [(=rana-turya-(gl.) cf. Paiasaddamahannavo kahala- vadya-visesa-, cf. kahala- occurring in this very sense in Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta (1 21 5), kahala. occurring in Trisastisalakapurusacarita of Hemacandra I 1 s rendered by Helen Johnson with 'a perforated musical instrument'; cf. M kahal'an ancient instrument of music, probably a horn', cf. Kan kahale, Kon kahalo= 'a metal horn (trumpet) of a long tapering shape', of Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary kahala-= 'a kind of musical instrument'.] 48. Kidi-8 3 8, 67 29 'a swine' [='sukara-(gl); cf kidi sukara-(H 1 251, Tr 3 4 72), cf. kiri= 'a See Nayakumaracariu edited by Hiralal Jain, p 188,

boar' (Supplement to J. O. I volX, no.2, p.120), kidi-1 s derived from Sanskrit kiti-, cf.MW kiti= 'a hog' (Kausiki Sutra) and kiri= 'a hog' (Unadisutra)] 49. Kimmira-7 19 3 'variegated'. [=vicitra-(gl), cf. PSM kimmira-= 'variegated', Derived from Sk, kirmira-, 'a variegated colour'. 50. Kilikimci (y) a-16 25 10, 60 13 8, 73 13 11 'love sports, amorous 51 sports'. [kilikimciya kila 91), hasya-rudanayukta.kridaya (gl. at 60 13 8), surata- (gl. at 73 13 11), of √kilikimc-= ram-, 'to sport' (H. 4 168, Trivikrama3 1 cf √ kilikimc- occurring in this very sense in Bhavisayattakaha of Dhanapala. , Usaniruddha of Ramapanivada, Chand ; cf Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary kilikincita-= 'amorous agitation (such as weeping, laughing, baug angry, merry, etc in the society of a lover)' (Dasakumara. carita ] √ Kumc- 'to bend, to curve' kumca (pres 3.s) 88 8 11 (v 1. khumcat); kumciya-(past participle) 57 10 12. [PSM does not note it Compare √kumc- occurring in Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta at 2 177 and PC.I ✓ kumc- is connected with Sk No kunc-, cf.MW √ kunc 'to make crooked' (Dhatupatha) and 'to bend or curve' (Susruta). Alsdorf takes the variant reading 'khumcar'; with this of G khunc-ou= 'to prick, to pierce' ] 52. Kuruha- 3 12 17, 26 3 14, 37 6 1, 40 10 9 'a tree'. [=vrhsa-(gl), PSM does not record it, cf kuja-= 'a tree' occurring in Yt at 1 246 2, kuruha- is connected with ku-truha- 'growing from the earth', of Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary kuruha-(L)='a tree' and huja-(L)= 'born from the earth, a tree' See kuroha- below ] 53. Kuroha- 8 2 14 'a tree' [-vrksa-(gl), see kurula-above.] 54. Kusesaya-48 6 7, 53 12 8 'a lotus'. [(kamalam-(gl), PSM PSM does not note it, cf Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary kusesaya-= 'a water-lily' (Mahabharata).] 55 Keraa- 14 5 14, 71 14 3, 85 7 11, Keri- 9 26 5, 12 6 4, 54 17 5, 71 19 3 'belonging to, pertaining to'. [(Genitive post-position used sambandharthe, cf. Paiasaddamahannavo kera-(D)= sambandhin (H 4 359, 378), cf kera- used as a genitive post position in JC-2 13 18, NC, PC I, Bh; cf. G. keru- 'for, for the sake of'; connected with Sanskrit karyaka-. See Grammatik der Prakrit-Sprachen § 176.]

. Kosapana- 73 29 13 'name of an ordeal'. - 65 'as [The relevant passage is-"nam dahamuha-ramanahu kosapanu" if (Sita) swore that she would never dally with Ravana', of PSM kosapana-= 'an ordeal' quoting from Gathasaptasati Vaidya renders kosapana-with "a sapatha or divya, ordeal which one solemnly undertakes" He compares with this the following passage from GS, 5 48- "samjhasamae jalapuriamjalim vihadiekkavama-aram, gorta kosapanujjaam va pamahahwom namaha"-'Bow down to Lord Siva (Lord of Pramathas), who at twilight is as it were, out to perform the ordeal Kosapana for Gauri with his palm cavity filled with water and with his left hand free' This shows that kosopana is an ordeal performed in the twilight with a handful of water Compare Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary netra-kosa-= 'the water used at an ordeal or judicial trial (the defendant drinks thrice of it after scme idol has been washed in it)' Vajnavalkya Smrti 11, 95,= 'an oath' (Rajatarangini 5, 325). ] 57, Galamodi- 33 4 11 'a twist in the neck'. [The relevant passage is-"nalinaha-karagge chittu jama, galamodi pana. tthi tasu tama"-when he touched with his lotus-like palms, the twist in her neck disappeared'. Vaidya renders it with gala-vakratva-. It is not noted by PSM Seen/mod-] 58. Goccha-1 10 9 (v 1 gomcha-), 20 5 8 'a cluster, a bunch' [Compare goccha manjori, a cluster of blossoms' (D 2 95), cf goccha occurring in the same sense in PCI, cf Kan gonce= 'a inass, cluster' Kittel's Kannada English Dictionary compares Sanskrit guccha-, gunja-, gutsa- with Kan kottu, gutti, gudi goncal, gone, gole, kuccu, koccu = 'cluster, bunch' and the term kude= 'to be joined". See ND guccha='bunch, cluster' for N I.A. derivatives. goccha- 1 s connected with Sk guccha-, cf Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary guccha--'a bundle, bunch of flowers, cluster of blossoms' (Gitagovinda) See gomcha- below] 59 Gomcha-1 37 (v 1 gomdi-), 9 22 12 (v 1 goccha-)'a cluster, a bunch' [Compare gomcha- occurring in this sense in NC and gumcha- in JC See goccha-above For the variant reading gomdi- at 137 see gomda-.] 60 k I Gomini 9 18 3, 25 4 1, 28 17 1, 46 3 7, 53 10 8, 46 3 7, 53 10 8, 70 1 10, 85 16 31, 90 2 1, Goddess of wealth' [=laksmi-( gl. ), PSM does not note it, Kittel's Kannada English Dictionary notes gomini- in the sense of 'the great Laksmi' cf.Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary gomin= 'the owner of cattle or cows' and gomint- occuring in Dasakumaracarita as a, proper name.] 1. Kannada English Dictionary, preface page XXIII

. Ghanaghana- 3 1 6, 13 5 7, 56 9 24, 62 4 10, 62 15 5, 71 12 4, 73 16 9, 99 12 5 'excessive, very much, many, dense'. [=satisayam (gl), Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it, cf. ghanaghana- occurring in this very sense in Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta at 422 and 5 4 14. ghanaghana is derived from Sanskrit ghanaghana-= 'compact, thick'] 62 Ghiyauri 91 21 10 (v.1 ghiyaura-) 'a kind of sweet-ment'. [=ghrta-pura-(gl). of PSM ghevara-, gheura- (D)=mistanna-visesa-: cf ghiyaura- occurring in the above sense in PC.II, cf ghrla-pura-= 'sweet-meat' (supplement to JO. I, volx, no 2, p 132), cf, Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary ghrta. pura-= 'a sweet-meat' (Susruta), of H₁. ghebar-, G ghevar- 'a kind of sweet-meat made of flour, milk, ghee, cocoanut and sugar'.] 63 ✓ Ghiv- 'to throw'. ghitta- ( p p.) 52 16 9. [Compare PSM ghitta-= ksipta, 'thrown' quoting in support from Bb; cf. ghitta- occurring in this sense in JC, NC KC,Paumacariu of Svayambhu I; for a discussion see notes on the word ghitta- occurring at NC 36 11'] 64. Ghul- 'to shake or agitate briskly, to dangle about, to swing to and fro' ghula (pres 3. s) 1 11 12, 218, 4 14 12, 5 15 2, 61 14, 7 9 6; ghulamti (pres 3 pl) 70 21 4, ghulesar (future3 s) 22 12 6, ghulamta (present participle) 3 5 13. 8 2 14, 93 8, 11 199, 73 18 12, ghuli(y)a-(pp) 3 10 10, 4 15 6,9 17 10, 9 28 6, 17 I 12, 17 13 1, 27 7 9, 32 14 6, 38 14 4, 66 17 9, 71 17 13, 82 1 3, 88 7 10. [The gloss loosely renders ghular with patati at 4 14 12 and at 5 15 2, n both the places ghurnati suits the context, Cf N ghul- occurring in this very sense in JC, Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta, PC I, II, Bh, KC For New Indo-Aryan derivatives see Turner's Nepali Dictionary gholnu= 'to stir, mix' No ghul- is probably derived from Sk No ghur- which lies at the basis of √ ghurn....] 65 ✓ Ghor- 'to snore, ghora (pres. 3 s) 69 39, ghoramta (present participle) 85 7 8 [compare Paiasaddamahannavo No ghor-= 'to snore', cf, No ghor-= 'snore' (PC III), cf. G ghor-nu, M. ghor-ne= 'to snore'; for NIA derivatives see Turner's Nepali Dictionary ghurnu= 'to snore'. ✓ ghor- is derived from Sanskrit ghur-, 'to cry frightfully, to snore'] 66 Ghol-'to shake, agitate briskly, dangle' ghola (pres 3 s) 12 5 29, 52 10 5, 85 2 7, gholamta (pres p) 326, 4 1 5,29 105, 35 1 5, 61 22 4, gholamana (pres p.) 9 25 1, 12 8 5: gholira (verbal derivative) 38 8 1,38 17 11, 83 8 4, 86 2 12. 1 Nayakumaracariu, ed by Jain, notes p 194,

[Compare Nghol-= ghurn-, 'reel' (H 4 117, Tr 24 142); cf. gholoccurring in this very sense in JC, NC, Bb., Paumacariu of Svayambhu I, Vajjalaggam; cf M. ghol-ne 'to shake about, to shake briskly' See No ghul-.) - ✓ Cakkam- 'to move about, to wander' cakkama (pres 3 s.) 97 1 12 (v.1. cikkamai) [Compare cakkam-=bhram-, 'to roam about, to go about' (H.4 161, Tr 3196) Ramanujaswami renders ✓ cakkam- with 'turn round' 1 but 'to wander' appears better.^/cakkam- is connected with Sk cankram-, 'to go about'. See Nakkam- and cikkav- ] 68 Camdujjaya- 46 13 17 'a night lotus, a sort of lotus that blooms at moon-rise' open at [=kumudani (g) ), cf canidojja-= kumudam, 'a lotus said to moon-rise' (D 3 4, Tr 1 4 121, 56) Trivikrama explains the word as follows: "candrena dyotate it camdodjam"; cf also camdujjaya-kumuda-(Pa1. 58); of camdujjaya- occurring in this very sense in Paumacariu of Svayambhu III, camdujjua, in Lilaval 24 a) and camdojjaa- in Candralekha at 3 4 6, of Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary candrikambuja-(L)= 'a lotus blossoming during uight, moon shine lotus'.] If we follow Trivikrama, then the form of the word would be candrodyota-; or more probably the word is to be derived from Sanskrit candra-udyata-, 'that which rises or awakens at the touch of moon', where udyata-, 'active' may be taken in the special sense of 'awakened' or 'blown'. 69. ✓ Camakk- 'to get startled'. 70 camakka (pres 3 s) 69 1 13, 71 8 3, 88 10 10 (v 1. cavakkar), camakkia- (p.p) 60 28 2. [=bibheti (gl.), cf. PSM No camakk = camat+kr-, cf.√camakk- occurring in this very sense in NC, cf Hi camakna, caukna, G.cok-vu, camak-vu= 'to startle', ✓ camakka, is derived from Sanskrit camat-+kr-. See No cavakkand ✓ commakk-) ] - ✓ Cavakk 'to get startled, be frightened' cavakkami (pres.l.s.) 52 23 15, cavakkai (pres.3.s.) 35 81 (v.1. camakkai), 38 8 9, cavakkia-(pp) 50 1 16 [=bibhemi, bhita-(gl); Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it See camakk- and ✓ cimmakk-)] 1 See Desinamamala, edited by Ramanujaswami, Appendix II p 10+

. Cara 68 65 'a morsel of grass'. 72 - [=lyna-kavalam (gl), PSV does not note the word in this sense; cf. H₁, G car= 'food for cattle' and M., G. cara= 'food for beasts and birds (grass, leaves, grains, worms etc, yet (specially understood of gras-)' For N I A. derivatives see ND caro= 'food (especially for animals)' cara- is connected with Sk✓ car-, 'graze')] ✓ Cimmakk- 'to startle'. cimmakkai (pres 3 s) 16 2 3, 60 23 8 [=camatkrtim karoti (gl.); PSM does not note it, No cimmakk- is derived from Sanskrit camat-kr- Seen/camall- at S. No 69 and ✓ cavakk-.] 73. Cirani- 30 16 4 'old one'. [The text gives the reading uirant and viragini as the gloss on it. But the word is not attested elsewhere It is quite probable that the better reading is that preserved by MBP manuscripts, namely, cirani-. In that case cirani= 'old one' which would be derived from Sanskrit cratana- Hence the word "virant" in the text appears to be a ghost "virani word, formed as a result of the confusion between va- and ca-. The relevant passage is-"kahani gujjha-rahacche caru curani-'the old story charming on account of deeply mysterious elements', See virani-,)] r 74. Cumcumbiya- (pp.) 52 11 2 'touched'- [sprsta (gl.). Reduplicative of Sanskrit No cumb-, 'to touch softly'.)] 75. Cun- 'to eat (w r. to birds)'. cunamti (pres 3.pl) 16 13 2 [The relevant passage is "kanisam cunamti rimcha" 'the parrots are picking the ear-of-corn', cf PSM ✓ cun--c-, 'to eat (w.r. to birds)"%; in support of this sense Paiasaddamahannavo quotes the following passage from Suktamuktavali "kao limbohalim cunat" -'crow picks nimafruits'; cf.✓ cun- in this sense occurring in JC at 13 12, cf. Hindi cugna, G. can-vu= 'to pick up grains with beak, to eat grains (said of birds)' ✓ cun- is derived from Sk *cunoh, of cinoti= 'collects'. See ND cunnu= 'to pucker, gather' ] - 76 Cuya- 91 11 2 'the nipple of the breast' [=cucukagra-(gl.) cf. cua- stanasikha, 'nipple' (D. 3 18), cf. G cuct= 'the nipple of the breast', cuya- can be regularly derived from Sanskrit cucuka-> cua- cf MW cucukagra= 'nipple' (of the breast)' (Vikramorvasi and cuci= 'the female breast (W) } 77. Cokkha- 73 28 13, 93 6 4 'pure, clean' Compare PSM cokkha-(D)= suddha-, pavitra-, quoting in support

b DESYA-LIKE ITEMS 69 from Nayadhammakahasutta; cf cokkha- occurring in this sense in Paumacariu of Svayambhu II. For N. I. A. derivatives see ND cokho= 'pure, clean, limpid', cokkha is derived from Sanskrit cohca-= 'pure')] 78. Chadd- 'to abandon, give up, leave'; chaddw (abs) 49 7 13, 64 7 1, 101 21 5 (v 1. chamdwi), chaddiuna (abs) 3 14 8 (v 1. chamdiuna, chaddi(y)a-(pp) 12 11 10 (v 1. chamdia-), 14 3 3 (v 1. chamdiya-), 22 20 9, 30 6 6, 48 14 5, 48 21 11, 52 21 7, 89 17 8. [Compare ✓ chadd-= muc-, 'release' (H,4 91), cf, ✓ chadd-occurring in this very sense in JC Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta, Paumacariu of Svayambhu I, Bh For N. I A derivatives see Turner's Nepali Dictionary charnu= 'to relinquish, give up' Turner connects it with Sanskrit chard-, 'cause to flow over, vomit, leave' See ✓ chamd-)] 79. ✓ Chamd- 'to give up, abandon, leave' chaddahi), chamdar, Chamdahi (pres. 2 s.) 22 13 6, 38 20 3 (v 1 (pres, 3 s.) 16 22 6, 289 2 (v.l. chaddar) 85 10 7 (v 1 chaddai), 94 97 (v.1 chadda), chamdir (abs) 7 19 15, 33 26 (v 1 chaddii), 35 3 7, 43 3 15, 62 13 9, 92 19 9, 94 12 1, 100 5 10 (v 1 chaddio 2), chamdi( y )a -(pp) 8 8 13, 11 17 4, 21 11 7, 41 17 11, 54 5 3, 58 15 11, 65 10 5 (v 1 chaddia-), 78 5 4, 79 12 1, 81 II 8 (v.1. chaddiya-), 94 2 7 (v 1 chaddia-); chamdavia-(caus p,p) 101 13 9, [=tyakta-(gl.), cf. chamd--muc- (Trivikrama3 1 41). cf. chamd-occurring in this very sense in Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta and Karakamdacariu; cf. M. sand-nez to cast away, to give up'; cf. G. chand-vu, H 1. chadna 'to abandon, to leave'. See ✓ chadd-.] 80, Chucchumdari- 90 4 11 'a musk-rat, a mole'. [(Compare PSM chacchumdara-(D)= 'musk rat', cf MW chucchundara (Susruta) and cucundari (L)= 'musk rat' The word chucchumdari- is made up of chuccha+umdari or umduri where chuccha- means tucchaaccording to Hemacandra (H. 1 204))] 81 Jagai- 9 21 5 'a fortress'. [The gloss renders it with uparyupari trim pithani, cf PSM jagat= prakara-, durga-, 'a fortress'; derived from Sk jagatt-, of Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary jagati (L)= 'the site of a house'.)] 82 Jivvahara-/Jivvahara- 52 20 32, 54 11 3 'name of the elder brother of Krsna' [=balabhadra-(gl.) PSM does not note it, may be derived from iva-hara-.)]

/Jur- 'to be afflicted, distressed': jurahi (pres 2 s) 34 9 3, jurai (pres 3, s.) 14 9 6, 192 11, 30 14 6, 31 15 7, 37 11 3, 58 15 6 (v.1 ghurai), 66 3 11, 71 18 6, 78 21 8 (v 1 jhurai) juramti (pres. 3. pl) 12 5 17, jun(y)a-(p.p) 54 4 6, 59 12 2. - [=khedita-(gl.) cf.√jur occurring in this very sense in JC, Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta, Paumacariu of Svayambhu II, Paumacariu of Svayambhu III, Bhavisayattakaha of Dhanapala. ; cf. G. jhur-vu= 'to suffer through longing',No jur is connected with Sanskrit Juar-; cf. Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary Juar-= 'mental pain, affliction, grief' (Mahabharata) See jura- at S. No.85 and jurana at S. No. 87.] 84. Jur- 'to torment, to hurt, to destroy', jurahi (pres. 2. s.) 47 5 7: jurai (pres 3. s.) 88 8 8. [=vidhvamsaya (gl.); cf. PSM.N jur--'to hurt, to kill' cf ✓ jur- occurring in this sense in Paumacariu of Svayambhu I. cf. MW,No jur-= 'to hurt' (Dhatupatha), See juravana- below.] - 85 Jura 9 9 10 'causing anxiety or distress'. [=sankocaka-(gl.) See ✓ jur- at S. No. 83 and jurana- at S. No 87.] 86. Jura- 25 10 9, 50 12 9 'destroyer'. [=nasaka-(gl), see jur- at S. No. 84. ] } 87, Jurana- 7 6 12, 70 20 4, 78 21 'affliction, distress'. [See jur- at S No. 83 ] 88. Juravana- 78 6 12 'tormentor'. [cf. juravana-= 'tormentor' (Paumacariu of Svayambhu I). See No jur- at S No 84.] 89. ✓ Dhukk- 'to approach, reach, proceed towards, meet together': dhukka (pres 3 s.) 68 19 7, 74 1 21; dhukkamta (present participle) 3 10 14: 19 2 9, 83 10 3; dhukka-(pp) 16 17 15, 17 11 3, 21 9 9, 24 7 12, 35 15 1, 49 14 3, 81 6 5, 84 15 9, 84 17 10, 86 1 10, 86 2 5, dhukkaa (p.p,enlarged) 30 19 4, 65 12 2, 84 18 9. [=prapta- (gl), cf. Paiasaddamahannavo√ dhukk-- mil-, 'meet', cf.dhukk- occurring in this very sense in JC at 2 13 12 and Paumacariu of Svayambhu I. For N. I. A. derivatives see ND dhuknum 'to lie in wait, to lurk' dhukk- is connected with Sk.No dhauk-= 'to go, approach' 90. ✓Dhoy- 'to give, offer'. dhoyahi (pres 2 s) 85 39, dhoyam (absolutive) 16 96, 93 6 10, dhor(y)a- (past participle) 13 9 19, 38 11 7, 57 4 4, 83 3 4, 83 12 9. [=datva, drta (gl), cf. Paiasaddamahannavo✓ dhoy-= 'to offer', cf, dhoy- occurring in this very sense in JC, Paumacariu of Svayambhu I. and PC, III. Derived from Sanskrit dhuak-= 'to present, to offer'. See ✓ dhov- below.

. ✓ Dhov- 'to bring near': dhovahi (pres. 2. s.) 22 19 6. 71 [Comare Sk dhauk-= 'to bring near, cause to approach', see Nddhoyabove,] 92 Nai- 102 2 5 'particle of prohibition or negation - - 'not'.' - [=ma (gl;) the relevant expression is "nai navamtu" 'don't salute (me)'; cf nai= nanarthe, 'negation' (H. 2 190), cf. Vedic nakim, 'no one, nobody' and nakim 'not, not at all, never'.] 93 Navara 1 17 12, 22 5 1, 39 2 6, 81 15 8,82 15 4 'soon after, thereafter, however, thereupon, only'. [=kevalam (gl), cf, navara-kevala-, 'only', anantara-, "immediately after' (H. 2 187) cf. navara occurring in this sense in Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta, Paumacariu of Svayambhu I, Vajjalaggam, Sam K. navara is connected with Sanskrit na+param.] 94 A/Niyacch- 'to see': niyacchahi (pres 2 s) 87 9 11, niyaccha (pres. 3 s) 11 1 4, 47 6 5, niyacchae (pres 3. s ) 3 5 4. niyacchev (abs) 50 4 1; niyacchi (y)a -(p,p.) 29 19, 3 11 8, 65 18 1, 82 16 10, 83 13 3, 83 18 6, [ =niriksate, niriksita-(gl.); cf. niyacch-dys-, 'to see' (H. 4 181, Trivikrama 24 153), cf.^/niyacch- occurring in this sense in Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta, NC, and Paumacariu of Svayambhu I. Possibly connected with Sanskrit n-+caks¬, 95. Niyattha- 85 4 12 'worn'. [=parihita-(gl.), cf. niattha--parihita-, 'worn' (D. 4 33) and nattha-= parihitam vastram (Tr, 34 72, 82) cf, niyattha- occurring in this very sense in PC I and Paumacariu of Svayambhu III possibly connected with *nwasta-, nivasta, 96. ✓ Nicchadd 'to leave, to give up' nicchaddai (pres. 3 s) 18 10 6 (v.1. nicchamdai) [ni+chadd-, See / chadd- and 97. Nippil-'to twist, squeeze nippilahi (imp 2 s) 88 19 5. [The relevant passage is chamd-.] water from wet cloth, to press' "uppari potti ghitta vihasainte, nippilahi kadillu parbollya" - "he threw the dhoti at her laughing and said, "squeeze my loin-garment dry". cf. Paiasaddamahannavo nippiliya-= 'pressed, squeezed'; ni pil, see √pil-] 98. Nilume- to pluck' nilumcai (pres. 3. s.) 78 16 10

[Compare Paiasaddamahannavo/ lume- to pluck the hair', connected with ni-lunc-= 'to pluck, to pull out'] 99 Nivavana 36 1 11 'extinguishing' [=vidhyapana (gl)%;B PSM does not note it; cf M nu-ne = 'to cool'; nivavana- is derived from Sk murvapana- See √nw-.] 100 ✓ Nisambh 'to destory, to fell on the ground and rub violently, to curb, check' nisumbha (pres 3 s) 70 10 6, nisumbhae (pres. 3 s) 7 16 1; nisumbhi( y )a-(p.p,) 7 5 6, 73 10 2; nisumbhaa-(pp) 71 18 7, 76 4 9. [=curnitam sat nasyati (gl at 73 10 2); at 7 16 1 nisumbhae is loosely rendered with vasyam karoti, but it is a special development of mardana-, at 7 5 6 nisumbhia- is loosely rendered with praksi pta,, it should be nipalita-, cf PSM nisumbhia--nipatita and nisumbhana-= mardana-, vyapadana-; vinasa-, cf. ^/nisumbh- occurring in this sense in JC at 2 15 7; connected with Sanskrit m-+sumbh, 'to kill, barm, iujure'. See nisumbha- below] 101 Nisumbha- 3 14 19, 35 1 4, 57 5 5 'destroyer'. =vidhvamsaka,, sphetaka-(g) at 3 14 19 and 57 5 5), at 35 1 4 the gloss loosely renders nisumbha- with sparsin- At 3 14 19 and at 35 1 4 the context is the description of tall and high mansions Hence, here the expressions "abbhayam nisumbha-" and "nahaggamisumbha-" are used just like the Sanskrit expression 'abhralih-' which means 'licking the clouds or scraping the clouds', and hence' touching' (sparsini-). These are the ornate expressions to connote 'as tall as the sky, penetrate through the clouds, destroy the clouds as it were'. MW notes nisumbha- as a proper name of a Danava- quoting from Harivansa See/nisumbh-] 102 Niba( y )a -9 21 4, 18 13 8, 197 12, 20 22 12, 28 25 8, 293 6, 47 9 14, 66 1 7, 70 7 1, 73 17, 77 6 3, 77 12 24, 78 7 7, 79 11 6 81 5 10, 87 7 14, 98 3 9, 99 2 10, 99 35 'a multitude, a collection, a group [=samuha-, nivaha- (gl.); cf nihaa- samuha-, 'a collection, a group' (D 4 49, Pai 18), cf nihaya- occurring in this very sesue in Lilaval, JC at 2 12 15 and Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta at 1 19 3 nighata-') 103 ✓ Niv-'to extinguish' nivai (pres 3 s) 2 19 10, 5 5 4, 81 9 10 Grammatik der Prakrit-Sprachen derives it derives it from Sk [=vidhyapayati, vidhyali, angara-rupatam tyajati (gl.); Paiasaddamahannavo does not note 1. See Puschel § 206.

it; / no- occurring in this very 73 sense in Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta M. niv-ne= 'to cool'. Derived from Sk nirvali= 'extinguishes' See nivavana-) 104 Tanumodi- 49 4 14 'stretching the limbs in laziness, yawning'. [PSM does not note it; of mukha-motana-= 'the twisting of the face' (Prabandhacintamani), cf. M. angmoda= 'yawning and stretching'; for the formation, cf. balamodi, 'per force' (but literally, 'twisting through force') See N✓/mod-and galamodi_] 105 Tara- 25 19 13 'quickly' [=sighram (gl); PSM does not note it, taru is connected with Sk toar See turam) 106. Tal-'to fry' talwi (abs) 7 3 8, 16 23 6, 90 4 18 Compare ^/tal- 'to fry', ef tal- occurring in this sense in JC at 36 3, cf M tal-ne, Hi talna, G tal-vu= 'to fry in oil or clarified butter'. For New Indo-Aryan derivatives see ND tarnu= "cook by parching' Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary records talita n the sense of 'fried' from Bhavaprakasa Sae talana- below) 107. Talana-46 10 11 'frying' [Compare talana occurring in this sense in JC at 2 178. See ^/tal- above.) 108 Timigila-73 20 5 a large fish, (literally swallower of a smaller fish)." [=timih_matsya-visesah sa gilyate yena sah timimgilah (gl) cf. timimgila= mina-, 'a fish' (D 5 13); connected with Sk timimgila-, cf MW timi-= 'a kind of whale or fabulous fish of an enormous size' (MBh) and timimgila= 'a large fabulous fish' (MBh)] 109. Timm- 'to get wet' timmai (pres 3.s) 14 9 6, 32 23 13, 41 10 13, timmiya- (pp) 83 11 1. [=ardribhavati, ardrikriyate (gl), cf PSM /timm-= 'to get wet', connected with Sk/stim-, 'to become wet or moist. See ND tuun= 'meat and vegetables eaten with rice' See timmana- 110. Timmana-25 13 5, 91 22 3, 'a secondary dish to the main dish (perhaps dried pickles which can be fried)'. [vyanjana-, vyanjana_visesa- (gl), D 2 35 notes kusana- timana-, 'sauce', cf. PSM timana-kadhi, 'a curry', cf. timmana- in this sense occurring in JC at 2 24 5, PC II, tirana in Bh and temana in Tri II, of Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary temana (L)= 'a sauce' and fun. See x timm- ] Apte's Student's Sanskrit-English Dictionary temana 'sauce, condiment'. See ND, 10

Titta-69 26 3 (v 1 simta-timta ?) moist, wet' [=jalardra- (gl), cf timta=ardra-, 'wet' (H.4 431), convected with Sanskrit ✓ stim-, 'to become wet',] 112 Tomda- 86 89 (v 1. tomda-) 'the mouth." - [=muhha (gl), the relevant passage is - "kamsu kayamtahu tumdi kanhena ghallu" 'Krsna threw Kamsa into the mouth of Yama'. cf. tumda-= asyam, face, mouth' (H 1 116); cf. lumda occurring in this very sense in JC, NC, Bhavisayattakaha of Dhanapala. cf M tond= 'mouth, face'; connected with Sk tunda-, cf MW tunda-= 'a beak, snout' (MBh.) and the mouth (used contemptuously)' (Badarayana- Sankara's commentary). See tomda-] 113 Turam- 69 5 11 'quickly' [=sighram (1), cf. ✓ tur--tvar-, 'make haste' (H 4 172), see taru.] 114 Tulakodi- 42 7 5, 47 8 9 'an anklet'. (=nupura-, padanguda- (gl), PSM does not note it, cf tulakodi-occurring in this very sense in JC at 4 17 21 and PC.II; derived from Sanskrit tulakoti-, cf MW tulakoti= 'a foot-ornament of women' (Kadambari); Kittel's Kannada English Dictionary also notes the word in the sense of 'a ring for the toe'] 115. Tuli 57 15 6 'a cotton bed ' - [The relevant passage is jo ciru suhu sovamtau tulihi, so evahi hau lolami dhulihi' - 'I, who was comfortably sleeping on a cotton bed in the past, now am rolling about in the dust', cf. PSM tulia-= 'a bed made out of cotton', cf old M. tuli and Jnanesvari tulai= 'a bed'; connected with Sk tulika= 'a mattress filled with cotton, a down or cotton bed' (Apte's Student's Sanskrit-English Dictionary)] 116 Trya- 7 1 11, 9 22 9, 35 9 11, 43 12 9 (v 1 tiya-) 'a lady' [PSM does not note it Derived from Sanskrit stri-+-ka- ] 117 Tomda 5 3 3 (v 1 tumda-) 'face' - . [Compare tomda--mukha-, 'face' (H 1116), cf M Konkani tond- 'face, month', see tumda-] 118 Thama- 43 11 3 'an abode, a house' [=nilaya- (g} }, cf Paiasaddamahannavo thamasense in Sam K, connected 'station, seat, place' (AV) ] 'place', cf, thama- occurring in this with Sanskrit sthaman-, cf. Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary sthaman 119 Thuha- 9 26 9, 38 23 3, 40 12 46, 43 12 4, 63 8 7 'a tower, minaret, turret, top of a mansion' [=ratna-stupa- (gl), of thuha-= prasada-sikhara-, 'the top of a palace or mansion' (D 5 32, Pai 956), cf. thuha- occurring in this sense in Paumacariu of Svayambhu I, connected with Sk stupa-, cf Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary stupa 'top summit' (RV). See Turner's Nepali Dictionary thupro= 'heap, pile, crowd, assembly'.]

. Thora- 67 26 'large and round.' 75 [The relevant passage is -"thora-thembha-thippira-naho" - 'the sky from which large drops of water were dripping'. of thora-=Krama- -prthu-parivartula-, 'gradually becoming large and becoming large and round' (D 5 30) and thora-= sthula-(H 2 99, Pai 126); cf. thora- in the above sense occurring in Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta, connected with Sanskrit sthura-, *big, stout' (RV). See ND thore] 121. Divaddha- 11 26 8 'one and a half' [Compare PSM dwaddha- (D) = duyapardha, 'one and a half', of diaddha- in this sense in Bh; cf. M didh, Kon dedha= 'one and a half.' Connected with Sk duyardha-) 122. Dratti- 60 5 2 (v 1 datti) 'quickly, swiftly, soon.' [=sighram (gl), PSM does not note it; D. 5 41 notes dutti in the sense of sighram, 'soon', dratli is dratli is connected with Sk See davatti ] 123. Dhaiya- 85 7 4 satisfied'. drag iti - [niddamdhaiya= nidratrptah (gl), connected with Sk dhra-= 'to be satisfied'. See dhau-, ✓ dha-, and dhava-] 124. Dhau- 69 3 10 'satisfaction'. [=trpti (gl); cf. dhau- occurring in this very sense in Paumacariu of Svayambhu III; cf. also dhara occurring at 75 9 10 11 Paumacariu of Svayambhu III, most probably it goes back to Sk.No✓ dhra-, 'be satisfied', compare this with G. dhara-vuz *to be satisfied' derived from dhra-, to be satisfied'. the noun form may be *dhraja- from which the word dhau- evolved, meaning trpli-, 'satisfaction'. See dhava-, dhaya and No dha .] 125. Dhava- 51 16 7, 77 6 12 'satisfaction'. [=trpti (gl); see dhau, dhaiya, √dha-,] 126. ✓Dha 'be satisfied' dhai (pres 3 s) 91 21 11 [PSM does not note it Compare dha in JC at 3 13 8 and dhaiya- in PC III be satisfied' See dhayya-, dhau and dhava- occurring in this very sense Derived from Sk dhra-, 'to 127. Dhara 4 17 11 'a kind of musical measure, employed when Heroic sentiment is depicted'. [Tippana of Prabhacandra gives- "virarasabhinayo dharatalah". Connected with Sk dhara-. 128 Dhaha- 14 8 5, 60 14 13 'distressed cry for urgent help, cry of lamentation'.

[Compare Paiasaddamahannavo dhaha-(D)= 'a clamour'; cf. dhaha occurring in this very sense in Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta, Paumacariu of Svayambhu I, Paumacariu of Svayambhu II, Paumacariu of Svayambhu III nud ^/dhahar, 'to cry for help' occurring in JC at 2 25 4 and 2 26 7, Paumacariu of Svayambhu I and PC III; dhahava occurring at Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta 2 26 7 is loosely rendered with iolayultain the Index, cf. G. dha= 'a clamour for help, a desire for support' and Hindi dhaha= 'crying, weeping', dhahaconnected with Sanskrit dhavatha, 'you run to my help; hence dhaha-.] 129. Paimdhana- 35 10 2, Payamdhana- 83 25 (v.1. paidhana-, v.l.- paimdhana-) a garment, a dress'. [=paridhana-(gl.), Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it, connected with St. pro-t vyadh-,cf. Naiddh-. 130. Pacchauha 69 26 2 (v.1 pacchamuha-) 'backward'. - 11 [=pascat (gl.), the relevant passage 16 pacchauhapayahi osara: "_ 'moves away with backward steps', of. Paiasaddamahannavo paccha= 'the back portion': cf. H 1, pachah, and pachahya- which are connected with Pk paccha-, Sanskrit pascal-; pacchauha- is derived from Sanskrit pascal+mukha-, Prakrit pacchar muha-] 131, Pacchaahu 33 11 3 (v.1 pacchamuhu) 'turaing the back upon, having the face turned away'. >> [The relevant passage is passage is - 'dhira o pacchauhu osaramti vi 'even a hero runs away turning his back'; Vaidya renders it with pascanmukham, cf. Paiasaddamahannavo pacchamuha= parammukha-, derived from Sanskrit pasca'+mukha-.] 132. Padakudi- 29 5 8' tent', [Compare Paiasaddamahannavo padakudi vastra-grha-, 'a tent' of padava= patakuti, 'tent' (D 6 6) and padama dusyapalam (Tr 2 1 30, 103), derived from Sk patakuti, cf MW patakuti= 'a tent of wool or felt' (Commentator on Katyayana Sutra).] 133. Padhukk- 'to approach, to go near' padhukka (pres. 3 s.) 32 17 2, 51 1 12; padhukkaa-(p p.enl) 26 14 5. [Vaidya renders padhukka at 32 17 2 with prasarati; cf. Paiasaddamahannavo padhukka-= pradhaukita-quoting from Bhavisayattakaha of Dhanapala. , cf.^/ padhukk- occurring in this very sense in Paumacariu of Svayambhu [I; pra-+dhukk-; see No dhukk-] 134. ✓ Pariyamc- 'to go round, to circumambulate, to surround' pariyamcii (absolutive) 7 26 8, 12 2 3, 21 2 11, 30 6 7, 32 3 15, 41 7 1, 58 7 8, 81 8 1, 87 14 7 thariyamcevi (absolutive) 3 10 17, 38 14 9; pariyamceppinu (absolutive) 40 5 22, 51 11 11; pariyamci (y)a-(p.p) 687, 8 13 6, 17 16 10, 37 19 8. I

[=pradaksinikrtya, paribhramya, trih pradaksinikrtya (gl); at 8 18 6 pary amciya-, is used in the sense of parivestita-, 'surrounded'; the relevant passage here is "parihatichi pariyamciya" - '(the cities) surrounded by three moats', Paiasaddamahannavo notes paryame- in the sense of 'to go near'. cf.^/pariyamc- occurring in the above sense in Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta at 1 12 14, NC, PC I, II, and Bh Derived from Sanskrit pari-tac-.] 135. Parighul- 'to move to and fro, to dangle, to shake or agitate briskly': parighulamt: (pres 3 plural) 10 3 3 panghuli(y)a-(p.p) 93 7 3, 99 19 6, [=mlasamti (gl.); pari-+ghul- see √ghul;-.] 136. Pariludh- 'to roll down' • pariludhia- (pp) 3 17 2 (v. 1. paridhulia-) [=patitam (gl) derived from Sanskrit pan-luth, 'to roll on the ground'.] 137. ✓ Palatt- 'to return' palaffar (pres. 3. s.) 65 20 3, [See pallatt- at S No 139 and No palhatth- at S No. 143] 138 ✓ Palott- 'to fall, to turn topsy-tury'. =palottiya-(past participle) 45 9 11, 77 10 1. palotta-(pp) 65 20 4. [=patita-, unmilita- (gl.), cf and palotta- patita- (GS) cf. √ PSM palott = 'to fall' (H 4 200) palott- occurring in this very sense. in Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta, Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta, PC I & PC II; connected with Sanskrit pra-luth_ 'to knock down' (Dhatupatha), see ✓palatt, palhatth- and √ pallatt-.] 139. Pallatt- 'to return, to go back' pallattami (pres. 1 s) 22 15 12 pallatta-(p p.) 25 2 12 (v.1 pallattia-). [Compare ^/ palott-= prali+a¬+gam, 'to return' (H. 4 166, Trivikrama 3 1 98); cf.Nothallatt, occurring in this sense in PC II & Bhavisayattakaha of Dhanapala. and √ palluttin PC I cf H 1. palatna= 'to turn back, to return%; see ND paltanu= 'to upset, overturn, be turned upside down, turn round'] Bloch has connected ✓ pallatt- with Sanskrit pan-tat- Turner tentatively connects the form with Sk parivartate, Prakrit parwattar and then pariattar, paratta In the meaning he definitely sees the influence of Sanskrit parivartate. It appears that pallatt- is in form as well as in meaning the result of the contamination of Sk paryasta-, Pk pallatth-with Sk parivart-, Pk paratt- and palatt The form with the single -la-, namely,No palatt- appears to be a further development from No pallattSee palatt and ✓ palhalth- at S No 142 140 Pallatt- 'to transform, to change' pallattivi (abs) 30 20 3, pallattia-(pp) 33 6 13 [Vaidya renders pallattia- at 33 6 13 with parivartita-; cf, PSM, √ palatt-, √ pallatt-= 'to change' (H 4 200); cf H₁. palatna, M palatne,

Kon, paltuce to change, to transform': see ND palto= 'change'. Derived from Sanskrit paryasta- and the meaning contaminated by Sk, parivart= Pk paravatt-, pariatt-.) 141 Pallatth-'to overturn, to empty' pallatthia-(pp) 79 10 13. [See palhatth-] 142 ✓ Palhatth -'to overturn, to empty, to throw'. palhatthi(y)a-(pp) 7 11 6, 9 10 3, 15 10 20, 28 1 4, 40 10 3, 57 22 7, 65 5 12, 72 9 6, 73 28 9, 85 15 6, 92 9 12. [=palita-, avarnta-(gl), gloss at 15 10 20 renders 'palhatthuu sist" with 'mastakopari visarjulah', the relevant passage here is - "amaya-bhariu kalasu palhatthiu sisi narimdaho"-'the jar filled with nectar was emptied on the head of the king', palhatthiya- means 'overturned', so, when the jars are overturned, the contents are poured down, hence 'emptied'. Compare palhatth- vi-+ric-, 'to purge' ( H.4 26), cf. ✓ palhatth- occurring in this sense in Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta 2 6 14 and PC III. Derived from Sk paryasta-, Prakrit pallattha-] No 143. ✓ Palhatth- to return, to turn back': palhatth-(p.p) 73 12 6 [=vyaghulita-(gl.), connected with Sk paryasta- and the meaning contaminated by Sk paruart-, Pk parwatt-, partatt See ✔ pallatt- at S. No 139 and No palatt-at S No.137] 144. Palhatth- 'to fall'. palhattha-(pp) 83 10 4 [patita- (gl), cf palhattha- patita (PC III), connected with pra hras-+-ta-] 145. Pall-82 10 5, 84 1 4, 90 2 15, 98 12 7 'a small village, a settlement' [Compare PSM palli= 'a small village, a secluded abode af robbers' quoting from Upadesapada, cf palli- 'a small village' (Vajjalaggam);= 'an abode of robbers' (Up K), cf. palli, palli, pallika= 'a settle-ment of wild tribes, a village' (Br K); cf Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary palli (L)= 'a small village (especially) a settlement of wild tribes' and palli= 'a small village' (Kathasaritsagara); cf. Kannada palli, palli, halli, Tamil palli, Tu halli= 'a small village, a settlement' Derived from Sk padra-, cf. Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary padra-'a village' (Unadikalpa) ] 146 Paniyaaari- 85 11 28 a woman carrying water'. {=paniyaharint-(gl); ef PSM paniyahani-'a woman carrying water' quoting

: in support from Bhavisayattakaha of Dhanapala. ; cf. paniyahan- occurring in this sense in PC II, cf. H₁. panharan, G. paniharan- 'one who brings water-pots on her head', connected with Sanskrit paniya-+-harika- ] 147. Param 47 7 4 'Sea, ocean'. - - 16 [samudra-, (gl); the relevant passage is 'param pamdura-paniyapharam" 'the ocean full of whitish water', cf PSM paravara-=samudra-, ef. Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary paravara= 'sea' (Prasannaraghava) and akupara-= 'sea' (Vajasaneyi Sambita) Possibly connected with Sanskrit apara-, 'boundless' and hence 'the ocean'] 148 Pahuda-1 15 10, 25 9 11, 29 3 2, 36 2 13, 69 15 5, 70 20 6, 71 15 8, 88 14 12, 93 2 12 'a gift, a present'. [=prabhrtam (gl.); cf. pahuda-prabhrta- (H 1 131, Pa 766); Hemacandra at D 6 41 notes pahuda as a tadbhava- from Sanskrit prabhrtam, cf. pahuda- occurring in this very sense in JC, NC, Paumacariu of Svayambhu I, Bhavisayattakaha of Dhanapala. and Sam K ; derived from Sk prabhrtam-, 'an offering, a gift'.] 149 A/Pil- 'to squeeze, to wring out': pilyjat (pass 3.s) 17 14 5, 88 19 7. 10 [The relevant passages are- 1) "pilyjar terau ucchucau, rasu pijjai khajjai gulu susau" (17 14 5)- 'Let your bow of sugar-cane be crushed, let people drink its juice or let (them) eat the sweet raw sugar' (2). jasu payadhulivi vamdijjai, tahu ollaniya kim na pilyjjai" (88 19 7)- 'why not squeeze the bathing garment of one, even the dust of whose feet is worshipped? This root is inherited by Marathi, cf. M pilne 'to twist, to wring out, to squeeze, to force out' and pilni= 'twisting or wringing (as of clothes)'. Derived from Sanskrit pid-; see ✓ mppil-.] ' 150 Pilu-21 6 14 a), 74 1 8 b) 'a kind of tree, Mustard tree' [=vrksa-visesa-, piluvrksa-(gl.); Cf PSM pilu-= vrksa-visesa-, cf pilu occu. rring in Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta at 726 in this very sense. For a discussion of the word pilu see notes on NC 1 The context in NC and in Mahapurana of Puspadanta 74 1 8 b) suggests the camels (karabha) are fond of pilu See Karabha. stakam in Anyoktyastaka Sangraha 2 pilu- is connected with Sanskrit pilu, cf Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary pilu= 'a species of tree' (MBh.). ] 151. Pula 78 4 9, 93 10 2 'a bundle', [=punja, nicaya (gl.), cf Paiasaddamahannavo pula-= 'a bundle of straw' ; cf. pulaoccurring in this sense at JC 1 13 6, cf. G pulo= 'a bundle of grass'. Connected with Sk pula-, 'a bunch, a bundle'] 1 NC, Jain, Hiralal, notes, p 200 2 Anyoktyastala Sangraha, Trivedi, Pratibba, Bharatiya Vidya Series no 11, Bombay, 1946 p. 5.

. Pusaa-44 4 4 'the sun' [=surya- (gl.), cf. Paiasaddamahannavo pusa-= ravi (H.3 56). Derived from Sk, pusan; cf. Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary pusan 'name of a Vedic deity (originally connected with the sun)'.] - 153. Popphali- 22 7 13 (v.1. kokila-) 'the Areca-palm or Betelnut tree'. [The relevant expression is "popphalikamtha"- "voice like the areca nut'. The variant readings in MB manuscripts is "Kokila-kamtha" and in P manuscript "kakilikamtha"- 'voice like the Cuckoo'. The variant readings appear to be more appropriate in the context Compare Paiasaddamahannavo popphali= pugaphali, 'areca nut tree' (H.1 170); cf popphali- occurring in this sense in PC.I. pupphalt in Paumacariu of Svayambhu II and popphala- in Bh, cf. M. popphli, Konkani popphala-= 'the betelnut'. Connected with Sanskrit pugaphala-.] 154 Phada 58 20 5 'the hood of a serpent'. [=phana (gl), cf. phada-phana, 'the hood' (D. 6 86, Pal. 392), cf. phada- occurring in this sense in Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta, derived from Sanskrit phata-, cf Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary phata 'the expanded hood or neck of a serpent' (MBh)] 155. Phara-87 6, 48 5 10, 89 18 7 'much, abundant' > ' [=sphara, pracura (gl.); cf PSM phara pracura-, cf. phara- occurring in this very sense in JC, PC II and Bh and sphara in Vt. cf. M phar-= 'many, much'; phara is connected with Sk sphara= 'abundant' 156. Phullamdhaya-73 27 6, 96 7 9 (v 1. phullimdhuya-) 'a bee'. [=bhramara (gl), cf. phullamdhua-= bhramara-, 'a bee' (D. 6 85, Pai 11) and phullamdhaa-- bhramara (Trivikrama 21 30, 12), cf. puspandhaya= 'a bee' (Yt) Derived from phulla-, ('flower')+-dhaya (from √dhe, 'suck') See phullamdhuya- and phulluddhaya-.] 157. Phullamdhuya- 49 23 'a bee' [bhramara (gl), of phullamdhua-= bhramara- (PC I, II, III and Chandonusasana of Hemacandra), See phullamdhaya- and phulluddhaya-] 158. Phulluddhaya- 9 10 8 (v 1 phullamdhuya- v 1. phullamdhuva-) 'a bee'. [=bhramara (gl). See phullamdhaya- and phullamdhuya-] 159. Bais - 'to sit': baisai (pres.3.5) 4 1 12; baittha-(past participle) 50 8 1. [ Compare Paiasaddamahannavo✓ bais-= 'to sit' and baittha-upavista (H.4 444), illustration 4); cf. ✓ bais- occurring in this very sense in Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta, Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta and Bhavisayattakaha of Dhanapala. For N.I A. derivatives see Turner's Nepali Dictionary baithanu='to sit' ✓ bars- is derived from Sanskrit upa+ms~, 'to sit' ] 160. Baladda- 12 5 12, 51 17 6, 94 28 'bull'. [=balivarda-(gl.), cf. Paiasaddamahannavo baladda-(D), balidda-(D)= 'a bull', cf.

baladda 'bull' (NC), of G balad='a bull'. Alsdorf connects baladdawith "balamda-. See valadda-.] 161. Balimadda-25 18 11 balimamda- ), 78 19 33 (v. 1. valavamda- v. 1. valwamdu), 80 4 13 (v 1 bali mamda), 81 95 (v. 1 balimadda v. 1. valimamda v. 1 balimadda), 88 20 12 (v. 1. balimamdae) 'by force, violently, forcibly'. [=balatkarena (gl.); at 78 19 33 bali-is glossed as balavat and madda as balatkarena; cf. balamadda, balamodi=balatkarah, 'violence, force' (D 6 92, Pai 487, Trivikrama 2 1 30, 111), Trivikrama explains the etymology of balamodi as- "balat mudjate iti", cf, balivamda- occurring 111 this sense in Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta and Bh, valimamda-in PC I, II, III, balamodi in Can dralekha and balamotikaya 1 n Up K ; cf M. band 'a rebellious commotion'. balimadda- is perhaps connected with Sk bala-+mard-.] 162. Buddha-84 3 3 'old, aged' [Compare Paiasaddamahannavo buddha=vrddha-, 'aged' Derived from Sk orddha-.] 163 Bumdba-8 7 10 'a root' [Vaidya renders it with mula-; cf PSM bumdha= 'the root of a tree' (H. 1 126); cf. M bundh, 'the stalk or lower end (of trees or plants)' Connected with Sk budhna-, of Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary budhna= 'lowest part of anything (as the root of a tree etc )' (RV) See Grammatik der Prakrit-Sprachen § 74.] 164 Bharoli- 65 10 4 ' ant-hill' - [=valmika- (gl.), the relevant passage is - "khajjar bahuyahi bhariyabharolihi, visaharu visadarunu vi pipilih "- 'a serpent even though terribly poisonous is eaten off by numerous ants filling up the anthills'; Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it. Compare G. bharol= 'swollen marks on the body. when beaten'. bharoli- is perhaps connected with Sk bhara-+-oli-] 165. Bhalla-1 5 13, 4 5 7, 11 5 4, I 1 27 13, 11 31 12, 16 14 13, 21 4 14, 23 3 17, 252 13, 26 3 17, 33 11 13, 35 14 2, 57 9 8 'good, beautiful, respectable '. ' [=ramya-(g]), cf Paiasaddamahannavo bhalla- uttama, srestha-(H. 4 351), cf. bhalla occurring in this very sense sense in JC at 2 32 1 and NC cf. Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary bhalla (L) = 'auspicious, favourable; For N I. A. derivatives see ND bhalo= 'good, honest, kind'. bhalla- is connected with Sanskrit bhadra-. See bhallaraa- below ] 166. Bhallaraa- 7 17 11, 54 2 5, 71 10 10 'the best'. [=uttama-(gl), Derived from bhalla- (see above) +Sk, comparative suffix-tara+-ka-.] 11

. ✓ Bhid- 'to confront in battle, be engaged in battle'. bhidai (pres.3 s) 74 3 8, 78 29 1; bhidamti (pres.3.pl) 54 9 5, 74 15 2; bhidesami (fut 1.s.) 95 11 3, bhidu (imperative 2. s) 77 69, 78 12 2; bhidamta (pres p.) 52 17 2, 58 20 9, 77 10 7, 82 85, 86 9 2. 91 14 8, bhidevr (abs) 87 7 15, bhidwi (absolutive) 82 66 (v 1 bhidavi), bhideppinu (abs ) 28 22 3, 28 35 13, 73 27 14, bhidahu (infinitive of purpose) 60 17 10, bhidi(y)a- ) 17 1 2, 23 5 2, 29 3 8, 521 2, 52 16 16, 54 1 2, 54 4 2, 58 18 12, 732 7, 76 7 26, 78 7 5, 78 24 4, 83 22 5, 88 1 2, 923 1, 99 19 18 P [=yuddham karoti, sangramam kuru, yuddham kartum (gl); cf. Paiasaddamahannavo ✓ bhid (D)= 'to fight', cf. bhud- occurring in this very sense in Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta, Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta, KC, PC I, II, III and Bh; for N.I.A derivatives see Turner's Nepali Dictionary bhirnu= 'to put on (especially weapons or armour), gird on, strap on'. See bhidana and Nabbhid-] 168. Bhidana-78 19 18 'confronting or encountering in battle' [Compare PSM bhidana(D.)= 'battle' See ✓ bhtd- and Nabhid-, ] 169. Bhimdimala- (v.1.bhimdamala-) 12 18 6, 767 25 'a kind of weapon, a javelin'. [=golagophant (?), gophani (gl), cf Paiasaddamahannavo bhimdimala, bhimdiala=sastravisesa-(H 2 38), cf. blumdimala-occurring in this sense in PC I. From the gloss on MP in appears that bhimdimala is a weapon, which is combination of 'gulel' and 'gophan' The word bhimdimala- is connected with Sanskrit blindimala, and bhindi pala-, cf. MW bhindipala, v.1 bhinda palabhindimala-, bhindamala, bhindimala= 'a short javelin or arrow thrown from the hand or shot through a tube (others 'a stone fastened to a string' or 'a kind of sling for throwing stones)' (MBh.) See Grammatik der Prakrit-Sprachen § 248. For the words golagophant and gophani given in the gloss see Appendix See bhimdwala- below] 170 Bhimdivala-78 7 12, 93 23 14 'a kind of weapon, a Javelin'. [See bhimdimiala above. ] 171 Bhimbhala-71 93 (v 1, vembhala) 'perplexed, agitated, distracted'. (=thrala-(gl), cf. PSM bhimbhala-, bhibbhala- vyakula-(H.2 58), bhimbhala is derived from Sk uhvala- See Grammatik der Prakrit-Sprachen § 209 See bhembhalaand rembhala-] 172. Bhakhhamara- 5 19 3 'death caused by starvation' [ksudlaman (1), Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it; cf. bhukkha-mara-bubhuksa- mara (PCI) of palayamari- occurring in NC (7 5 1 & 8 4 3). Connec ted with Sk, hubhui sarnara-, ef. MW mari (L)= death, pestillence'.]

. Bhembhala-34 10 7 (v 1 vembhala-), 53 5 9 (v 1 vimbhala-) 'agitated, distressed' - [=vhvala (gl), the gloss loosely renders bhenibhala- at 34 10 7 with bhayar aka-. The relevant expression here is "bhiru-bhembhalam" which means 'unnerving the cowards', cf. Paiasaddamahannavo bhembhala-- vyakula-. See vembhala- and bhimbhala-.] 174. Bhesai-38 8 6, 65 7 2, 69 4 7 'the preceptor of gods.' " [=brhaspati (gl) The relevant passages are -1) "jam vannahu bhesar vi na sakkai (3886) - 'even Brhaspati will not be able to describe her' 2) "ayau bhesar amgarau sani" (65 7 2)- 'there arrived Brhaspati, Angaraka and 'Sani' and 3) "je buddhu jittau bhesar" (69 4 7) -'Brhaspati was conquered by him with his intellect'. Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it. bhase: is connected with Sk, brhaspati.] 175. Madaya-4 7 13 'a dead hody, a corpse'. [=mrataka- (gl), cf. mada--mrta-, 'a corpse' (D 6 141) and madayamrtaka (Pal. 420, H 1 206). cf madaya- occurring in this very sense. in JC (4 16 11), Paumacariu of Svayambhu II; cf G. madu, G. madu, M, Kon made= 'a corpse, a dead body'. Connected with Sanskrit mrtaka-= 'dead'. See madaulla-,) 176. Mamtha- 12 5 25 (v.l. samtha-) 'made even, polished'. - " " - 'the [The relevant passage is visama mamthai vimjhovakamthai regions at the foot of the Vindhya mountain which are uneven and made even or plain'. Though the gloss gives nimnonnatan as the rendering of mamthai, it is likely that this may be the paraphrase of visamal and mamtha-- may mean mrsta= 'polished, made even'. This view finds support from JC - 31 13 where uvakamtha- is qualified by mamtha-. There also, following the editor, we can take maintha- in tae sense of mrsta= 'polished, made even' So the expression mamthuvayamthaesa" (JC 31 13 ) would mean 'the region adjoining (the river) made even' Compare mattha-mrsta-(Pa₁ 15). mamtha- is derived from Sk mrsta-= 'polished' See a-mamtha--.] 177. Mamthaa- 12 11 2, 85 6 3 'a churning stick' [=ravika (gl.). cf PSM mamtha 'a churning rod'. Connected with Sk No math-, ✓ manth= 'to churn' of Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary mantha-, mantha-= churning stick', For the word ravika given in the gloss see Appendix.] - 178 Marala 15 7 5, 15 11 9, 17 12 5, 23 9 6, 33 8 6, 34 7 2, 78 3 7 a) 'a swan, a flamingo' [hamsa(gl). At D 6 112 Hemacandra considers marala- in the sense of hamsa-, 'swan' to be a Desi word on the authority of Satavahana;

cf. marala- hamsa (Pat. 59); cf. matala- in this sense occurring in Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta Connected with Sanskrit marala-; cf. Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary marala-= 'a kind of duck or goose or flamingo' (Kavya literature).] 179. Marali 17 12 5 'a female Indian crane'. - [Compare maralt= sarast, 'the Indian crane' (D 6 142). Connected with Sanskrit marali-.] 180. ✓ Malh- 'to rejoice, to move sportively and joyfully' · malhamta-(pres. p ) 72 3 2, 75 5 2. [=harsamana (gl). cf. malhana lila, 'sport, play' (D 6 119); cf. √malh. occurring in this very sense in Paumacariu of Svayambhu II, Bhavisayattakaha of Dhanapala. , cf. G. mahal-vu= 'to walk about completely free from care, to participate in and enjoy rejoicings ✓ malha- is derived trom Sanskrit madra-, 'joy, happiness'. See ✔aimalh- and malhana-.] 181. Malhana- 29 25 5, 72 9 4 'sportive, joyful and graceful movement >or gait'. - [=madagamana-(gl.). The relevant expressions are -1) "malhana-gar (29 25 6) - 'having a graceful, sportive gait' and 2) "malhana-siliya" (72 9 4) - 'having a sportive, joyful and graceful movement' cf. malhana- in this very sense occurring in Paumacariu of Svayambhu III See ✓malha- above,] 182. Masireha- 46 2 14 'the beard, the moustaches'. [=smasrurajh (gl), the relevant passage is - "nau masireha bhusanu"- 'nor adorned with beard and moustaches', cf. massu- and mamsu-= smasru-, 'the beard and moustaches' (H. 1 26); connected with Sanskrit smasrulekha-. See masura-.) 183. Maheli- 7 24 17, 16 25 14, 32 3 3, 32 17 1, 51 2 2 'a lady'. [=stri (gl.) cf mahela stri, 'lady' (H 1 146) cf mahelt occurring in this sense in JC, cf. H mehari= 'woman, wife' Connected with Sanskrit mahila-, 'lady'.] 184, Maimda - - 13 2 8, 71 13 2 'the mango tiee'. [amra-vrksa~(gl.), cf maimda-, mayamda- amra-, 'the mango tree' (D 6 128. H 2 174; Trivikrama 1 2 109, 6, Pai 369) Derived from Sanskrit makanda-, cf. Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary makandu= 'the mango tree' (Kavya literature). See mayamda-,] 185 Maucchiya-65 18 1 'mother's sister'. [matysvasa (gl), cf maccha-= 'mother's sister' (H 2 142, Trivikrama 21 98, Pat. 867), cf also mausia= matrsvasa (Pai 867, Trivikrama 2 1 98), cf. malucchiya 'mother's sister' (JC 399) cf. M, Kon maust, H₁. mausi= 'mother's sister'. Connected with Sk matrsvas!- See Grammatik der Prakrit-Sprachen § 148]

. Mayamda- 137, 109, 1 14 7, 20 5 8, 28 14 1, 39 1 6, 69 4 3, 83 97, 99 13 12 'the mango tree'. [=amra-(gl.). cf. mayamda-= amra (Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta). See maimda-.] 187. Masura- 65 13 6 'the beard'. [smasru (gl.), cf masuriz smasru, 'beard' (D. 6 130, Pai. 237) cf masuri=smasru (Paumacariu of Svayambhu II) cf. Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary masuri (L)= 'a beard'; cf. also Tamil masir-, 'the beard'. masura- is connected with Sanskrit smasru-. See masireha-,] 188. Minai-64 4 13 'Menaka, name of an Apsaras'. [menaha devangana (gl), PSM does not note it. minal occurs at Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta 59 3 where it is rendered by the editor with manyate or mimite with a query 1. But menaka suits the context very well. minal is connected with Sanskrit menaka; Prakrit menai- becoming minat is peculiar to Apabhramsa. 189. Mad- 'to break, to destroy'. mudiya-(pp.) 12 15 8. [=bhagna-(gl.), The relevant expression is "mudiyalana- khambha"- 'the broken tying post of the elephant', cf. PSM ✓ mod-≈ bhanj, 'to break'. cf,No mud-. 'to break, pulverize' (JC). Derived from comparatively late Sanskrit ✓ mut-, 'to crush, break, grind. See ✓ mod-] 190 Melaa- 32 2 8, 33 3 8 'a gathering, an assemblage, a group'. [Vaidya renders melaa- at 33 38 with samuha-; cf. PSM melaya-= 'a gathering' and melt samhati, union, meeting, a group' (D 6 138) cf G. melo, M. mela 'a concourse of people, a gathering or an assembly'. Connected with Sanskrit mela, an assembly'.] 191. Melavakka- 32 24 4 a union', [melapaka- (gl), Vaidya renders it with sangama- Derived from Sk melapaka-. ] 192. Moya- 71 13 3 'plantain-grove'. [kadalivana (gl.), cf. PSM moa= 'plantain tree'. Connected with Sanskrit moca 'the plantain tree' ] 193. ✓Mod- 'to break, twist, crush, destroy' moda (press 3.s) 16 9 4, modi(y)a-(p p.) 40 98, 59 12 7, 75 6 4, 78 20 6, 79 11 8, 85 12 14, 85 13 4, 91 15 4. [=bhagnaprstikrta (gl.), cf. Paiasaddamahannavo√ mod-= bhanj-, 'to break'; cf. No modoccurring in this very sense in Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta, Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta PC, I, PC, II, Bhavisayattakaha of Dhanapala. , cf. No mut- 'to crush, grind'. (Tri III) For N I.A derivatives see ND mornue 'to bend, to twist'. Derived from Sk ✓ mut-, 'to crush, break, grind'. See √ mud- ] 1. See NC Jain, H., Karanja, 1933, Glossary.

. Ramgavali - 41 6 5, 46 2 9, 52 14 3' auspicious decorative designs drawn on the floor generally at the entrance of the house'. [PSM does not note it cf. ramgavali- occurring in this very sense in JC (1 22 7), Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta Paumacariu of Svayambhu II, cf. M. rangoli, G. rangoli, Kon tangoli= 'a line or figure drawn before an idol or on the floor with a powder made by pounding particular soft stones.' Connected with Sk ranga+ avali ] 195 Ramjana-5 19 11, 93 2 4 'an earthern water jar." [=alanjara-, alinjara-, jalabhajana-, alanjala-(gl), cf. ramjana-=ghata-, 'a pot' and kunda-. 'a basin or bowl' (D 7 3, Tr 34 72, 836; Pa1. 683); cf M ranjan. -= 'a large earthern water-jar. ramiana- is connected with Sanskrit alanjara-, *aranjana-, 'a small earthern water-jar'.] 196 Ranaranaa-11 18 9 'strong dislike for anything during separation, absence of pleasure arising from longings of love - " [= aratijanaka(gl) The relevant expression is -" rani ranaranai "- 111 a battle causing or generating anxiety, uneasiness, torment'; cf. Paiasaddamahannavo ranarana-(D)= nihsvasa-, udvega-, pida-, utkantha, autsukya; rana ranaa- occurs in SR at 131 and is rendered "asukha (autsukya)" The relevant passage 1 s - << taha anarai ranaranau asuhu asahamtiyaham, dussahu malaya-samiranu mayayanakamtiyaham" _' Torn by restlessness, yearning and misery, lovelorn, I found the Malaya Wind unbearable', cf. ranaranaya- in this very sense in Vajja (229), Karakamdacariu Connected with Sk ranarana-; cf. MW ranarana-(L)='a longing, desire, wish, regret (for a lost object)' and Apte's Student's Sanskrit-English Dictionary ranaranaka-= 'longing, anxiety, anxious regret for some beloved object' (Malatimadhava, Uttararamacarita). But the word appears to be of Prakitic origin. We cannot suggest corresponding Sk root to which it can be traced ] 197 Rab-'to conceal, be covered' rahami (pres.1 s) 24 11, rahamti (pres 3 plural) 40 9 7, rahi(y)a-(pp) 15 12 4, 77 89, 82 4 11, 91 19 12. [=go payami, rundhanti, acchadayanti, chadita (gl.); cf. PSM raha-pracchanna-. Connected with Sanskrit ✓rah--Ngup- (the root from which rahas-, 'secrecy' is derived) ] 198 Rahatta-27 14 'a wheel or machine for raising water from a well'. [cf. PSM rahatta-= araghatta, cf M rahat-= 'a machine (composed of two wheels connected by a beam) for drawing water'. cf. Kannada rate= 'a wheel (fixed at the top of the well) for drawing water'. Connected with Sk, araghatta-.]

Rasa-12 11 15 'a kind of dance in which the dancers go round and round holding each others hands and singing' [cf PSM rasa=, rasaka- and rasaga-- in the above sense At D 2 38 Hem equates kuddana- with rasaka-; cf rasaka- occurring in this sense in Br K.; cf. G. ras-- 'a circular dance accompanied with singing' Connected with Sk rasa- cf MW rasa-= 'name of a particular rustic dance practised by cowherds (especially) the dance practised by Krsna and the Gopis' (Harivamsa) and rasaka-= 'a kind of dance' (Harsacarita).] 200 Rittha-2 11 3 'any public calamity (as an earthquake, eclipse etc)'. [=utpata (gl), cf. Paiasaddamahannavo rittha-(D)= arista-, durita-, 'misfortune', of also rittha- arista (Trivikrama 1 2 109, 10). Derived from Sanskrit arista-] 201. Ruha- (?) 73 12 7 'the bank, the shore'. - [=tata-(gl). Is it some scribe's mistake for tuha- which is known in the sense of tirtha- in Pk literature? It is well-known that ru- and tu- are mistaken in manuscripts. The relevant passage is- pavalamkurukkera-rahilla-ruho " '( the ocean) having the shore beautified on account of the heaps of coral-sprouts' Tuha- occurs at JC 3 3 13 in this very sense. The relevant expression is-"ruhatthalam relliyam"- 'the bank was flooded' In Kamsavaho ruha- occurs at 4 48. The editor has taken it in the sense of 'a dam' (rodhas) and has suggested that it may be a wrong reading for tuha= tirtha- 1] - 202. Landi- 28 246, 52 15 7, 76 8 3, 77 13 11, 78 7 10, 88 5 9 (v.l. lagudi) 'a club, a staff, a stick' [=yasti(gl), cf PSM lauda-yasti- and lakkuda lakuta-, 'a club, cudgel' (D 7 19). cf. laudi- occurring in this very sense in Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta, Paumacariu of Svayambhu I, II, Bhavisayattakaha of Dhanapala. and lakuta- in Brihatkatha-kosa See ND lauro='stick, walking stick'. Connected with Sanskrit *lakuti-; cf MW lakuta-= 'a club' (Apastamba Sutra). ] 203 Lakkada- 85 5 4 (v.1 lakkuda-) 'wood'. [cf lakkuda laguda (Trivikrama 1 3 105, 39), cf lakkada- kastha (Paumacariu of Svayambhu III); cf. G. lakadu, M. lakud-= 'wood, timber' See ND lauro= stick' Connected with Sk, lakuta- ] 204. Lagganakhambha- 36 14, 5 19 6 'a supporting pillar" [=adhara (gl.), PSM does not note it, cf. lagganakhambha- in this very sense occurring in PC.I, PC II, ef laggana-taru occurring at Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta 6 12 10. Derived from laggana- (-Sk lagna+suffix-na-) and khambha- (=Sanskrit skambha- 'support, prop'). ] 1. See Kamsavaho, Upadhye, AN, Bombay. 1940, notes, p 210,

. Ladduya- 91 21 10, 91 22 5 'a sweet-meat ball'. laddu= 'a [ladduka-, modaka- (gl.); cf Paiasaddamahannavo laddua-modaka, cf. ladduka- occurring in Brihatkatha-kosa, and lattuga- in Samaraiccakaha of Haribhadra ; cf. M. tadu, Hi sweet-meat ball. Connected with Sk ladduka-, 'a kind of sweet-meat'] 206. Lal- 'to loll or wag, to dangle, . lalaviya- (causative p.p) 17 1 1. [Vaidya renders it with prasarita-, the relevant passage 1 s- "karavalalalaviya-jihaho- 'of those moving the tongue to and fro in the form of the sword' Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it cf lal- occurring in this sense in Paumacariu of Svayambhu I, Karakamdacariu (8 18 10), and Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta (3 16 4 & 4 7 5) Connected with Sanskrit lala-; cf. MW lala (W)= lolling, wagging' and lolana= 'the lolling or moving the tongue to and fro' (Markandeya Purana) 1 207. Liba- 2 16 6, 58 18 1 'a line, a streak'. [=rekha (gl.); cf PSM liha-= rekha-; cf. Itha- occurring in this sense in Paumacariu of Svayambhu III, Bb. and liha in Brihatkatha-kosa; cf. H₁. lik-= 'a mark, a line, a track' and G. lit= 'a line.' Phonologically the word is to be connec ted with Sanskrit lekha-, Pk leha- 'a line, streak', rather than rekha-,) 208 Lulayaya- 25 6 6 'a buffalo'. " [=mahisa (gl), the relevant passsge is - "hurari-lulayaya-pumdariu "- 'the cruel enemies like the buffalo and the tiger.' Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it. Connected with Sanskrit lulapa-; cf. MW, lulaya-, 'a buffalo' (Balaramayana) and lulapa-= 'buffalo' (Harsacarita) ] 209. Lhukkha-9 1 14 'not greasy,' - - [The relevant passage is • sukkhu lhukkhu sauvirabbhukkhiu" - 'dry, grease-less and sprinkled with sour gruel', cf PSM lukkha~= ruksa-; cf, G. lukhu= 'not greased, unrelishable, unsavoury.' Connected with Sanskrit ruksa-, 'dry.') 210 Vaisana- 50 8 1 'a seat, a throne." " [=rajya- (gl.); vaisana- initially connotes 'a seat, a throne' hence 'a kingdom.' The relevant passage is - varsanai baitthu visahanamdi "- 'Visakhanandi sat on the throne'. cf. PSM, baisanaya- asana-, 'seat'; cf. varsana- occurring in this sense in PC I, II, III and baisanayain Bhavisayattakaha of Dhanapala. ; cf G. besnu= 'a seat.' varsana- is connected with Sk upaveSanaka-] 211 Vatta- 23 15 14, 73 5 4, 85 24 8 'a path, a road'. [=marga- (g)); cf vatta-= panthah, 'road' (D. 7 31), cf M.; Kon vat-= 'a road, path, way'. Connected with Sanskrit partma, 'a path' with a change in gender. ] I

. Vana-9 14 7, 12 15 2, 20 1 10, 25 9 3, 29 27 13, 72 6 9 'water [jala (gl.); cf Paiasaddamahannavo vana-jala- Connected with Sanskrit vana-, 'water' (Naighantuka) ] 213. Vanna- 4 17 11 'a kind of musical time or measure. - "samasta-nataka- [=talavisesa- (gl) Tippana of Prabhacandra gives rtha-varnanadvarna-talah." cf Paiasaddamahannavo vanna-= 'the measure of a song.' Connected with Sk varna-, cf. Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary varna-(L)= "a kind of measure (cf tala)"] 214 Vammisara- 15 17 4, 18 12 8, 28 37 14, 32 5 5, 38 13 2, 40 14 9, 49 3 3, 55 9 3, 57 24 8, 65 2 2, 80 1 14, 88 2 4, 92 18 5,95 14 15 'the god of love.' 215 [cf. vammisara- kama-, 'the god of love' (D 7 42), cf vammisara- occurring in this very sense in JC (1 13 13) and Chando (464 1) vammi. sara is derived from Sk marmesvara- marma- occurs as Damma- in Pk, so marmesvara- would be Pk, vammisara- ] Valadda- 9 19 5, 12 9 7 (v 1. validda), 27 1 3, 85 13 4 (v 1. valadda-) 'a bull' [=balwarda-(gl.) cf Paiasaddamahannavo baladda-(D)= vrsabha-, 'bull', cf. vala-=vrsabha- (PC II). See baladda-.] 216. Vallura 89 12 11 'dry flesh.' - [=suskamamsa-(gl.); PSM does not note it, cf vallurya- occurring in this very sense in NC ; vallura- occurs at Paumacariu of Svayambhu III 77 13 1 where it is rendered with khadya-visesa- with a query. There also suskamamsa- suits the context. Connected with Sk vallura-, 'dried flesh'] 217. Vaoli 77 2 3˚a whirlwind, a gale, hurricane, storm.' - "vaoli-dhuli-bahalam- [=cakravata, vatya(gl), The relevant passage is dhayarau" 'great darkness caused by the dust raised on account of the hurricane'; cf. Paiasaddamahannavo vaoli-= pavana-samuha-; cf vaoli- occurring in this very sense in PC III and vatula- in Yt, vaol- is connected with Sanskrit vatavali-, vatali-, cf Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary vatula(L)= 'a hurricane, gale, whirlwind'] 'a 218 Valalumci- 52 14 1 'a fight involving pulling of hairs." [=kesakesiyuddha- (gl). The relevant passage is - "valalumci karidi jujjheyasu visarisa-vira-gomdale" -"In the fight between beroes of unequal strength, you resort to the valaluna type of warfare'%3 B of valalumci cf occurring in this very sense in Paumacariu of Svayambhu I, Paumacariu of Svayambhu III. Connected with Sanskrit vala-alunc, 'pulling of hair, '} 12

Vavada 8 14 2, 30 12 10, 99 16 11 'engaged in, busy with [=vyaprta(gl) of Paiasaddamahannavo vavada-= 'to be engaged in some work' (H. 1 206) cf. vavada- in this very serse in PC I, and vauda- v. 1. vavadain NC Connected with Sanskrit vya+pr- 'become active.' See Grammatik der Prakrit-Sprachen § 218.] - 220. Vabiyali 1 14 8,22 7 7,46 2 1, 93 7 2 'a highway, a riding-ground or play-groud for horses [=vahyali, rajamarga-(gl); cf. Paiasaddamahannavo vahiyali= 'a play-ground for horses'; cf. vahaliya- occurring in this sense in PC III and vahiyali- in Brihatkatha-kosa, Samaraiccakaha of Haribhadra Tagare notes vahyyali and gives the meaning as 'training ground for elephants.' vahiyali- occurs in JC at 14 3; the commentator explains the word as follows - "vahyamargah, vahananam asvagajadinam siksartham parikalpitah pradesa-visesah, baspadharetyarthantaram."¹ Here the second meaning given, viz,, baspadhara, is probably only another rendering of the Apabhramsa expression vahiyali- looked upon as made up of vaha-= baspa-, 'tears' and ali= 'row, stream'. Hence baspadhara is not to be taken as meaning 'training ground for horses" cf. Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary vahyali= 'a road for horses' (Rajataramgini). vahiyali- is derived from Sanskrit vahya-'beast of burden, an ox, horse etc. +-ali, 'track.,] 221. Viyala 9 14 11, 24 8 3, 63 7 4, 65 13 10, 80 12 5 ' evening, twilight'. - [=sandhya (gl.) cf. viala-= sandhya-, 'twilight' (D. 7 90, H, 4 377, H. 4 424) Connected with Sanskrit vikala-. cf, MW, vikala-= 'twilight evening, afternoon' (Apastambha Sutra), See veyala-.] 222. Vicchadd-'to give up'. vicchaddiya- (past participle) 37 11 2. [cf. mcchaddia= 'given up' (Pa₁. 138) +chadd- See ✓ chadd-.] 223. ✓ Vicchul- 'to smear, anoint, wash away by immersing in water': vicchuli(y)a-(p.p) 45 3 2, 64 82 (v 1 vicchaliya-), 69 17 2, 71 16 7. [=nirmala-, mraksitam, abhyaktam, snapita (gl), cf. Paiasaddamahannavo cchola-= dhauta-, 'washed' (Pai. 920), cf ✓ rcchul- occurring in this very sense in Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta (283) and Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta (glossed as sikta-). ✓ vicchol- occurs in this very sense in Karpuramanjari at 2 30. The editor³ and Paiasaddamahannavo have rendered this with kampay-, 'to quiver'. The relevant passage here is "viccholamto gaana-kuharam kamti-jonha- jalena "- 'washing the sky's hollow vault with the liquid moonlight of her loveliness'. Compare G. vichal-vu, M. visal-ne, Kon visol-ce= 'to rinse, to cleanse, to wash out'. The root vicchul- is connected with Sk vi+chur-, 'to smear'. 1. See Jasaharacariu, Vaidya, P, L, Karanja, Glossary, p 160 2. See Karpuramanjari of Rajasekhara, Konow, Sten, Harvard, 1901, Glossary.

The sementic development of the word is - 'besmear, bathe, wash by immersing in water, wash away'.) 224. Vicchula- 71 12 4 'pervaded with,' 'full of'. [The word goes with 'nandana-vana' and the members of the compound are irregular. The relevant expression is - "saccha-vicchulucchaliyajalakanam (namdanavanam) "- '(the garden) which was pervaded with clear water spraying up'. cf. Paiasaddamahannavo mcchuna-= vyapta-, cf. vicchulaoccurring in this very sense at Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta 3 2 3 and JC 3 16 3. At Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta 3 16 3 the expression 15 "Jharamta-saccha-vicchulambha-nyjharam " '(the garden) pervaded with springs with clear flowing water'. Here also mcchula- qualifies cana-. Connected vana-. Connected with Sanskrit vicchur-, 'besmear', 'pervade,' and hence 'full of'] - 225. Vidhapp- 'to earn, to acquire'. vdhappai pres. 3. s.) 94 9 12. [uparjayati (gl.). cf. vidhapp-= ar- 'earn' (H. 4 251). cf. No vidhappoccurring in this very sense in PC I, Bh √vidhapp- 1 s passive from ✓ vidhav-. Grammatik der Prakrit-Sprachen considers it as causative from dha with cerebralization as in saddha-sraddha-. See Grammatik der Prakrit-Sprachen § 223 and 286. See vidhatta-. 226. Vidhatta- 16 3 4, 88 7 7 'earned gained,' [Compare vidhatta-= arjitam, 'earned' (H 4 258). cf. mdhatta- occurring in this very sense in Sam K and thapita in Up K ; othapitaappears to be a Sanskritisation of Pk, ndhatta-. See Grammatik der Prakrit-Sprachen § 223, 286 and 565. See ✓ vidhapp-. 227. Vimbhala-59 19 6 'perturbed, agitated, distracted,' [=hvala-, capala(gl), the relevant passage is - 'kamda.dambara-damaravimbhalam"- agitated due to the fear caused by the fury of arrows'; cf. PSM, vimbhala-= vihvala-, vyakula,, cf. vimbhala- occurring in this sense in JC (2 23 1) and Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta See bhimbhala and bhembhala-.] 228. Virani(?) 30 16 4 (v.1. cirant-) 'averse to worldly pleasures' (?) [For the discussion see cirani-.] 229. Virolana-38 7 3 'the process of churning' [=manthanakarma- (gl); cf.^ virol-= manth-, 'to churn' (H. 4 121; Pa1. 555; Tr, 3 1 63), cf. viroluna-= manthaka(PC II) Connected with Sk vilodana-. 'churning' ] 280. Viviya-76 7 20 'bloomed, fully opened' [=kasita (gl): the relevant expression is-" viviyanana"- fully opened mouths' cf. Paiasaddamahannavo waya-(D)=vistirna-. Connected with Sanskrit owrta-, 'open'. ]

. Visa-35 4 7 'water'. [=paniyam (gl); cf. Paiasaddamahannavo visa-= 'water'. Connected with Sanskrit visa-, 'water' (Naighantuka).] 232. Visatt- 'to bloom,' 'blossom,' 'be horripilated,' 'split open,' 'burst open,' disintegrate' visatta (pres. 3.s,) 14 5 9, 18 15 5, 24 14 10, 38 6 2, 65 20 3, 77 3 6, 781 7, 87 17 10, 92 2 9; visattivi (absolutive) 30 20 3; visatta- (pp.) 141 14, 40 8 11 (v.l. visaddha-), 52 9 5, 52 14 14 95, 73 13 4, 78 27 16, 91 89: osaltaa-(p.p.enl) 2819 " - [=sphutati, vikasati, bhagna-, vikasita-, ullasita- (gl), at 30 20 3 visattivi 1 s loosely rendered with prakampya. here also, 'bursting or splitting' fits the context; the relevant passage is-"natthau bhaya-bhavena- visattivi"- bursting with fright he ran away' At 28 19 the commentator has rendered visattaa, with "prasara-", primarily Nosalt- means vi+kas-, 'to bloom' and secondarily we can take it in the sense of prasara-, as the bud on blooming spreads itself with its petals splitting apart, Compare Paiasaddamahannavo visaffa- (D)= vikasita, praphulla 'bloomed, blossomed', cf √satt -+kas-, 'to open, expand' and ✓visatt-= dal-, 'to split' (H. 4 176, Pa₁. 810; Trivikrama 3 1 118); cf. visalt- occurring in this very sense in Paumacariu of Svayambhu I, II, III, Kams, visalia- is derived from Sanskrit visrsta,, 'opened.' See visattana-.] 233. Visattana-50'5 8 'bursting, splitting'. [See visalt above.] 234. Vihana-20 23 11 'dawn, morning'. [=prabhata-(gl.), cf. vihana-prabhata-, 'dawn' ( D 790), cf.. othanayaoccurring in this very sense in PC I, II, III, cf. G. vahanu, Hi bihan= 'early morning, dawn, day-break'. Connected with vi+bha-, 'to shine' and vibhat shining (applied to usas).] 235. Vin-'to glean', 'pick up one by one,' 'gather' 1 vinai (pres 3 s,) 57 3 5, Diniya-(pp) 15 1 9. [=prarthayati (gl), the relevant passages are-1) "kanani kayanamtiya dinai" (57 3 5)- picks up gunjas in the forest. 2) "vinya vellihala " ( 15 1 9) picked up fruits of the creepers'. Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it. vinamta occurs in Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta at 2 27 6 and is rendered by the editor with vadayan'. The relevant passage here is - "vinamlai taru-velli-halai"-picking up fruits of trees and creepers'; so we can take oin- in the same sense See Jasaharacariu, Vaidya, P.L, Karanja, 1931, Glossary, " ☑

as in Mahapurana of Puspadanta Compare G -= 'to pick up, glean, gather'. Connected with Sanskrit ri-ta-(cicnote)= 'to collect, gather³] 236. Veyala-53 11 12 'evening', 'twilight'. [=vikalah tamah(gl.), the relevant expression is "jana-mana-veyala-haru"- 'remover of the darkness in the minds of the people'. See viala-] 237. Vemdha-89 10 10 encircling, roll, wrapping up'. [restana-(gl.); the relevant passage is - "lana-vemdhar vedhivi pihiya- nayana"- *surrounding with a grass bandage, closed his eyes' cf. vemdhiam=vestilam, 'surrounded, enclosed' (D. 7 76). For NIA deriratives see Turner's Nepali Dictionary bernu= 'to roll, wrap up, twist round, wreathe' Connected with Sanskrit vest-, 'to surround'] 238. Vembhala-28 27 1(v.1. vimbhala-) 33 13 1, 52 16 11, 58 2 6, 69 20 2 (v.l vibbhala-v.l. vimbhala 'agitated, perturbed, distressed'. [=vihvala-(gl) See vimbhala-, bhimbhala - and bhembhala-] 239. Veraliya-42 3 23 'Lapis lazuli'. - [The relevant passage is "vajjahi maragayahi verulyyahim gayanubbhasanu jahkhe nimmavyau kosalapuru" - 'yaksa constructed Kosalapura with diamonds, emeralds and lapis-lazuli by which the sky was illuminated', of verulia-vaidurya-(H.2 133, Pai. 266) and velula--vaiduryam, 'lapis lazuli' (D 7 77) Connected with Sk, vardurya- See Grammatik der Prakrit-Sprachen § 80] 240. Vokka-7 12 8, 11 24 12 'the liver, the heart'. [=kalija(?) (gl). Vaidya renders it with yakrt-. Paiasaddamahannavo does not note the word, Vokkaya- occurs at JC 4 14 1. Here the editor connects it with orkka-, 'kidneys', vokka may be connected with Sk vrkka- or bukka- cf Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary tukka-(L)= 'the heart' For the word kalya given in the gloss see Appendix] W 241. Samghada-3 5 25, 19 13 2, 64 4 4, 88 8 2 'a pair, a couple'. =yugmam, sanghataka-(gl); cf samghadi-yugalam, 'a pair' (D 8 7), cf PSM, samghada(D),samghadaga-(D)=yugma-,pugala-, cf samghada- occurring in Paumacariu of Svayambhu II where it is glossed as sanghaffa-, cf. Sanskrit sanghata-, sanghatita, and Pk ghada-, 'friendship', ghadiya-, 'friend', cf MW sanghatika(L)= 'a pair, couple'.] 242 Samcu(y)a-48 8 12, 88 9 5 'dripped, oozed, leaked' [=srutam(gl) the relevant passage at 48 8 12 is-"nhana-vaniyam sam. cuyam layahare" - 'the holy bath-water dripped into the creeperbower' of PSM ✓ cu = 'to drip' (H 2 77), cf cuya-occurring in this very sense in NC at 1 14 1 & 5 10 21. The relevant passages in

I 94 DESYA WORDS FROM THE MAHAPURANA NC, are- 1) "nicai sasahara_mani-cuya-jalehi(1 14 1) - 'Is cooled down by the water dripped from the moon-stone' and 2) "nayanacuzamsua-piccam"-'the water of tears dripped from the eyes' ✓ cu gives us G cu-zu= 'to leak', curo-= 'a leak in the roof of a house', The sense of dripping has further developed in Hi nichodana= 'to press hard and remove water, to squeeze'. For NI A. see Turner's Nepali Dictionary cuhunu= 'to drip, lesk, pour through' samcuya- is connected with sam+ ✓ cyul-'to flow, trickle, ooze'] 243. Sabalahana-22 9 11 'ablution after a death or funeral'. - [=mrtaka-snuna-(gl); the relevant passage is "savalahanau sabalahanu va dihiharu" - 'the applying of unguents like sandal-wood paste is as unnerving as the ablution after death'. PSM does not note it The word appears to be made of two elements, saba+ lahana-; saba stands for 'dend body' and the second element lahana- is obscure] 244 Sabalabana-85 15 8 'unguent, scented paste'. [=vilepana-(gl.) Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it. Connected with Sk samalamtha-= 'smicaring the body with unguents'. See samalah- No savalahand sacalahana-] 245. Samalah-'to anoint, to smear the body with unguents': samalahia-(p p.) 619 [Vaidya renders it with abhilipta ; cf. Paiasaddamahannavo samalah-= 'to besmear'. See sabalahana-, No saralah-and savalahana-] 246. Sarahi-9 4 1, 55 10 3 'ocean' (samudra, jaladhi-(gl); Paiasaddamahannavo does not note it, cf. Kannada saradhi-= 'on', saradhi-sayana-= Visnu and saradha-sule-= Laksmi, sarahu is connected with Sk, saras-and Sara-, ('water')+-dhi-(from /dha-)] 247. Sclona-87 2 10, 92 9 7 'beautiful, splendid'. ((bronayakta(gl.); of salont-salavanya-( H 4 420, illustration 3); cf. salonaoccurring in this scuse in PCI, PC.II; cf Hindi salona='beautiful and G. solunu='superlatively good, excellent, fine'. Connected with Sanskrit sa-1-ara-, of. MW larana-(W)='graceful, handsome, beautiful. Possibly toss back to ramena-; of Pk ravanna-=ramaniya-] 49 Saralah- to anoint, to besmear'. sce (abs)42 7 4. 1 PS does not note it See satalahana-, No samalah- aud Saralahana-3 4 7, 3 18 3, 22 9 11, 41 14 3 'an unguent like sau- -wpve, ointment'. 1

[=vilepana-, samalambhanam candanadi(gl), see ✓ savalah, saralah-, and sabalahana-.] 250. Sad-'to destroy' sadai(pers.3.s.) 38 97 ( v.1. jhadar); sadi(y)a-(p.p) 18 6 10, 37 25 4, 53 10 4, 58 22 15, 84 9 8. [sphetayati, nivarayati, satita-, nivarita(gl.), at 84 9 8 sadiya- 1 s loosely rendered with patita-; cf. Paiasaddamahannavo Nosad-= 'to destroy', of √sad - occurring in this sense in PC I. Paumacariu of Svayambhu II Connected with Sanskrit ^/sad-, 'to kill'. See sada-below.) 251. Sada-14 5 14, 29 4 5, 99 8 5 'destroyer, annihilator'. =ndhvamsaka-, bhanga-(gl) cf, sada- occurring in this sense in Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta, Bhavisayattakaha of Dhanapala. and sadana-in PC III See ✔sad-above ] 252 Sahar-'to support, maintain, console, cheer up, assure safety or protection': saharai (pres 3. s.) 14 5 10, 87 8 13; saharivi (absolutive) 78 28 3; saharahi (Imp. 2 s) 60 17 3; sahari(y)a-(p.p) 32 5 4, 52 16 25, 77 10 9 [dhirayati, dhirayitva, asvasanam dehi, dhirita, asvasita, mabhisita- adhirita- (gl). At 32 5 4 the editor has split the words as "sa hariya" and given the meaning against hariya-, It should be read as "sahariya-". The relevant passages are -1) mein kaha va bharu saharai" (14 5 10) - 'The earth somehow supported the weight', 2) 'mamdoyari rvyamli saharivi" (78 28 3) - 'having consoled the weeping Mandodari", 3) "mamithi kaha va kaha va sahariya" (32 5 4) -"(she) was consoled by the minister with great difficulty', 4) "niyaya sennu sahariu" (52 16 25) - 'cheered up his army'. Paiasaddamahannavo does not record the root in this sense. saharia-occurs in Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta at 793 and the editor has rendered it with savarita and discussed the word in the notes¹ But here also the meaning 'consoled, cheered up' would suit the context. This is supported by the gloss 'dhirita-' on the word sahara-in Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta The relevant passage is - "tena v baddhau riu saharu"-'the imprisoned enemy was consoled or cheered up by him' cf √sahar-occurring in this very sense in Sandesarasaka of Abdala Rahamana, Paumacariu of Svayambhu II, Bh, cf H 1. sahara= 'support, help' The root ✓ sahar, 1 s connected with Sk sam-dharay-.] 253 Siriya-29 15 2 'rent, split, pierced, torn'. - - " [=vidarita(gl), the relevant passage is "amgai taru-kamtaya-striyai- 'the limbs were rent due to the thorns of the trees', cf. PSM siriya- (D)=bhagna- ct. strya--bhinna-, 'pierced' (PC I) Possibly connected with Sanskrit No = 'to rend' (RV)+ita suffix] 1. Nayakumaracariu, Jaia, Hiralal, Karanja, 1933, Notes, p. 201

Sughanaghanai-31 38 10 'very firmly'. [The relevant relevant passage IS - "tal bamdhur khambhi sughanaghanai" - - 'having tied him to the pillar very firmly'. su-ghanaghana- See ghanaghana-.] 255. Suvihana-20 23 9, 38 12 23, 41 4 30, 49 6 12, 63 2 12, 69 12 4, 99 1 12 'early morning, dawn'. [=prabhata-(gl.). cf. suunhana-= 'early morning' (Paumacariu of Svayambhu I) and Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta (2 22 5), su+vihana-. See vihana-.] 256. Seriha-2 18 13, 23 5 2, 60 9 9, 62 3 5, 77 6 7 'a buffalo'. [=mahisa-(gl.), cf. seribha-=dhurya-vrsabha-, 'a carriage ox'; serbho mahise apityanye-'also 'a buffalo' as the opinion of some one else' (D. 8 44), cf. Paiasaddamahannavo sertha-= mahisa-, and serihi-= 'a she-buffalo' (Pai. 670), cf. seriha-= 'buffalo' (Jasaharacariu of Puspadanta 3 40 14) and satribli='a female buffalo' (Yt) connected with Sk sairibha-= 'a buffalo' (Harsacarita, Balaramayana). See seriht-] 257. Serihi-78 15 7 (v. 1. seriha-) 'a female buffalo'. [=pracanda mahisah(gl); Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary sairibhi (L)= 'a female buffalo'. See seriha-] 258. Selimdha-60 28 3 (v 1 selemdha) 'a lotus'. [=kamala-(gl); the relevant passage is - "visa-selimdha-gamdhu agghawi" -'having smelt the fragrance of the poisonous lotus' PSM notes selimdha-in the sense of urksa-visesa-. Connected with Sk silindhra-, cf. Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary silindhra(L)= 'a kind of Jasmine' and 'a mushroom' (Harivamsa Putana).] 259. Sella-7 5 11, 12 18 7, 60 29 2, 74 4 9, 76 7 25, 87 4 8, 88 5 11 'a spear'. [=bhalla-(gl.), cf. sella-= bana, 'an arrow' (D. 8 57), =kunta (H.4 387). Vaidya renders sella- at 7 5 11 with prusa-, 'a dart', cf. sella-and silla-occurring in this very sense in Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta, sellaga- in PC I, cf. sellaselli-, 'fight involving lances on both sides' (Paumacariu of Svayambhu II). Derived from Sk salya-, 'lance, spear' (RV), cf. also Monier Williams's Sanskrit-English Dictionary salya(L)='an iron crow-bar'.] 260 Somala-25 6 10, 69 24 11, 71 8 12, 85 3 12 'delicate' [=komala-(gl.), cf. somala-= sukumara-(H. 1 171, Pai 156), cf somalain this very sense at JC 1 17 15, 4 2 3. cf G suvalu=' soft,smooth' and M somal-= 'tender'. Connected with Sanskrit sukumara-. See somaliyaand somali-. Alsdorf gives saumya+ suffix ala-.]

. Somaliya-(feminine gender) 84 3 8 'delicate'. 97 [compare somaliya- occurring in Nayakumaracariu of Puspadanta in this very sense. See somalaabove and somali- below.] 262. Somali-(feminine gender) 90 9 6 'delicate'. [See somala- and somaliya-] 263. Hamsa-38 20 11 'an anklet'. [=nupura-(gl.); cf. Paiasaddamahannavo and Pai 261 - hamsaya- nupura-; cf. Paiasaddamahannavo hamsala~(D)=abhusana-visesa-, Connected with Sanskrit hamsaka-, 'an ornament for the feet or ankles (said to be formed like a goose's foot)' (sisupalavadha).] 264. Hattbiyara-52 10 4, 70 17 10 'a weapon, a tool, an implement'. [=ayudha(gl.), the relevant passage at 70 17 10 1 s-"jahi na vahai niya-kara-hatthiyaru" - 'where one does not carry a weapon in one's hands' Paiasaddamahannavo records the word hatthyara as dest and gives two meanings to the word -1) sastra-, 2) yuddha-. But the passages cited for the second meaning, do not support the same. In the first passage "ta utthehɩ sampayam karehi hatthiyaram ti" which clearly means, 'take up arms' while "hatthiyara-karanam" in the second passage means the same thing, namely, 'taking up arms' Thus in both the passages hatthiyara-has the usual sense 'weapon'. So there is no evidence for the second meaning 'battle'. Hence it should be dropped. Compare hatthyara-in this very sense occurring in Bhavisayattakaha of Dhanapala. , Paumacariu of Svayambhu III. For N.I.A. derivatives see ND hatiyar= 'tool, implement, weapon'. Turner connects it with *hasta-kara-, Sanskrit hasta-karyah= 'done by hand', Pk hattha-kammam= 'handiwork'.] 265. Humdaho-3 14 20 'accept it', 'take it. commentator [=grhana bhoh(gl.). The actual expression is - "humdaho-payacchiehi" qualifying "sayakumbha-kumbhaehi in line 22. The renders "humdaho-payacchieh" as "grahana bhoh' iyevam bhanitva prada. ttaih". Accordingly the translation would be - "(with golden pitchers) passed on with the words, 'Oh you take this l'" According to this interpretation humda would be Imperative 2 nd person singular form of a root humd-, 'to take'. Paiasaddamahannavo has not recorded such a word The word appears to be strange, and it is not unlikely that 'humdaho' might be standing for 'hamdaho' and 'hamda' derived perhaps from Sanskrit hanta, is recorded by Hemacandra in his grammar at 2 181 as an Indeclinable partice with the sense of 'you take it. A cross-reference to this is given by Hemacandra in his commentary on D 8 59, Compare Sanskrit hanta bhoh.] 13

. Hetthamuha-3 15 8, 5 2 13, 11 13 4, 73 1 13, 76 46 'with face hung downwards'. [=adhomukha(gl), cf. Paiasaddamahannavo heltha--adhas-(H. 2 141); cf. hettha-muhaoccurring in this sense in Paumacariu of Svayambhu I, II, Karakamdacariu, Bhavisayattakaha of Dhanapala. , cf. G. hettha-='down' and M. hetha= 'inferior'. See Grammatik der Prakrit-Sprachen § 107 Connected with Sanskrit adhas. See hetthima- below] 267. Hetthima-11 22 11 'lower' downward'. [copare Paiasaddamahannavo hetthima-zadhastana-(H 2 163); cf. hefthima= 'downward' (Samaraiccakaha of Haribhadra). See hetthamuha-]