Jainism in Odisha (Orissa)

by Ashis Ranjan Sahoo | 2015 | 106,639 words

This essay studies the presence of Jainism in Odisha or Orissa by documenting the Art, Architecture and Iconography of Jaina images, relics, structures and establishments from different districts. In Odisha, archaeological evidences show how Jainism flourished during the 1st century BCE during the reign of emperor Kharavela, stating that Jainism wa...

Adinatha Temple, recently built (Khordha)

The Adinatha temple is a recently built one but preserve five notable Jaina images. The temple has a pidha vimana and flat roofed RCC structure in front as jagamohana.

i) Risabhanatha:

The Tirthankara Risabhanatha (36x21cm) stands in kayotsarga posture over a full blown lotus pedestal. The image is badly defaced at the face and pedestal. His lanchana bull and a heap of offering is noticed below the lotus pedestal. The Tirthankara is flanked by chauri bearers at the bottom and flying garland bearer and divyadvani at the top. He has a high raised jatamukuta and few of the coils are fallen upon the shoulders. A faint trace of decorated torana crowning a circular plain prabhavali at the back of the Tirthankara.

ii) Risabhanatha:

This is a panchatirthi image (38x19cm) and Risabhanatha being the mulanayaka at the center and stands in kayotsarga posture over a full blown lotus pedestal. He has an elliptical halo, usual jatamukuta and flanked by chauri bearer at the bottom and garland bearer, drums and cymbal played with invisible hands at the top. Four Tirthankaras, two on each side are depicted in dhyanamudra. The pedestal below the Tirthankara is carved with bull at the center and kneeling devotee and offerings on either side of it.

iii) Risabhanatha:

Being carved out of dolerite stone block (35 x19cm), this is kept as the central image of the series. The Tirthankara is delicately carved in kayotsarga posture over lotus pedestal. He is flanked by chauri bearer at the bottom and garland bearer and divyadvani at the top. The Tirthankara has a high raised karanda mukuta over the head and trivali mark at the neck. A tree foiled torana in low relief is carved and decorated with creepers at the cross bar and astagrahas, four on each side in dhyanamudra. Symbolical representation of champaka flowers and full blown lotus are also depicted on either side of the image. The pedestal below the feet of the Tirthankara is buried so other description could not be noticed including the lanchana.

iv) Parsvanatha:

The image of Tirthankara Parsvanatha (34x19cm) is badly defaced. He is standing in kayotsarga posture with a seven hooded snake canopy at the back of his head. The chauri bearers, flying vidyadharas, cymbals and drums played with invisible hands are represented in their respective positions.

v) Risabhanatha:

This image of Risabhanatha (35 x19cm) is badly defaced but has quite similar representation as like the first one except the torana and the position of the cymbals and Garland bearers.

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