Letters from Philipp Johann von Strahlenberg to Curt Friedrich (1723-1724)
Journal name: Acta Orientalia
Original article title: Zwei Briefe Philipp Johann von Strahlenbergs an Curt Friedrich aus den Jahren 1723 und 1724
ACTA ORIENTALIA is a journal focused on the study of Oriental languages, history, archaeology, and religions from ancient times to the present. The journal includes articles reviewed by a senior scholar in the relevant field.
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Original source:
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Michael Knüppel
Acta Orientalia:
(Founded in 1922 and published annually)
Full text available for: Zwei Briefe Philipp Johann von Strahlenbergs an Curt Friedrich aus den Jahren 1723 und 1724
Year: 2018 | Doi: 10.5617/ao.7686
Copyright (license): CC BY 4.0
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The text presents a historical document consisting of two letters written by Philipp Johann von Strahlenberg, a notable German-Swedish geographer and a pioneer in Siberian studies, to Curt Friedrich von Wreech. These letters, dated July 28, 1723, and July 22, 1724, explore various topics including the condition of indigenous peoples in Siberia, Strahlenberg's experiences during his travels, and the challenges faced in publishing his geographical works. The letters provide a glimpse into the intellectual climate of the time and the influence of Pietist thought among individuals engaged in Siberian exploration.
The Plight of Indigenous Peoples
One crucial theme discussed in Strahlenberg's letters is the plight of the indigenous peoples of Siberia, particularly the Ostiaks and other smaller tribes. He describes their precarious situation, detailing the pressures they face under Russian governance, which drastically diminishes their populations and cultures. Strahlenberg observes that these indigenous groups struggle with maintaining their traditional ways of life and languages, as they are subject to the overwhelming influences of Russian authorities and economic hardships. This commentary illustrates the complexities associated with cultural survival and the impact of colonization on native populations.
Experiences During Travel
Strahlenberg recounts his personal experiences traveling through Siberia, offering detailed accounts of the natural environment and his interactions with the locals. He emphasizes the stark contrasts in lifestyle between the European settlers and the indigenous tribes, drawing attention to the simplicity and industriousness of the Siberian inhabitants. Strahlenberg describes various logistical challenges he faced while traveling, including navigation through harsh terrains, language barriers, and the nuances of trading with the indigenous communities. His reflections highlight the difficulties of conducting research in such a vast and remote region.
The Influence of Pietism
Another significant concept illustrated in the letters is the influence of Pietism, a movement within Lutheran Christianity that emphasized personal faith and communal piety. Strahlenberg and Wreech, both having ties to Pietist circles, convey a deep concern for the spiritual conditions of the indigenous peoples and reflect on their own faith journeys. The letters demonstrate Strahlenberg's desire to promote Christian teachings among the Siberian populations, while addressing the responsibility to care for their well-being. This sentiment underscores the intersection of religion, ethics, and exploration during this era.
Publication Efforts and Challenges
Strahlenberg also discusses the difficulties involved in publishing his maps and historical accounts of Siberia. He details the financial burdens he encounters and the bureaucratic hurdles in securing the necessary authorization for publication. His correspondence suggests a sense of urgency and ambition to disseminate knowledge about Siberia and its diverse cultures to a wider audience, reflecting Enlightenment ideals of sharing information and understanding among peoples. This theme resonates with the struggles scholars often face in balancing academic aspirations with practical realities.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the letters of Philipp Johann von Strahlenberg to Curt Friedrich von Wreech encapsulate a significant period in the study of Siberia, characterized by exploration, cultural encounters, and the interplay of faith and knowledge. They not only document Strahlenberg's experiences and observations but also serve as a testament to the complexities of 18th-century Siberian society as shaped by both indigenous traditions and external influences. Through these letters, readers gain insight into the personal and scholarly endeavors of early explorers who navigated the intricate challenges of understanding new territories and their peoples.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the focus of the publication 'Acta Orientalia'?
'Acta Orientalia' publishes scholarly articles related to Asian studies, linguistics, and cultural history. This issue includes explorations of Egyptian language, Siberian studies, and ethnonyms among others.
Who are the editors of 'Acta Orientalia'?
The publication is edited by a group of scholars including Leif Littrup, Heikki Palva, Asko Parpola, Torbjörn Lodén, Saphinaz Amal Naguib, Per Kværne, Wolfgang-E. Scharlipp, and Claus Peter Zoller.
What notable historical figure is discussed in the article by Michael Knüppel?
The article discusses Philipp Johann von Strahlenberg, a German-Swedish geographer and founding figure in Siberian studies, focusing on his letters to Curt Friedrich von Wreech.
What is the main subject of Strahlenberg's correspondence?
Strahlenberg's letters cover topics primarily relating to Pietist circles in the Russian Empire, as well as details concerning his maps of Northern and Central Eurasia.
What kind of scholarship does 'Acta Orientalia' aim to promote?
'Acta Orientalia' aims to promote academic research in various aspects of Oriental studies, including linguistics, history, and cultural practices of various ethnic groups across Asia.
How do the letters of Strahlenberg exemplify his scholarly connections?
The letters illustrate Strahlenberg's engagement with Pietist thought and his interactions with other scholars and ecclesiastical figures in the context of his Siberian studies.
What can be inferred about the cultural and religious context in Strahlenberg's letters?
The letters reflect the influence of Pietism in the Russian Empire and the struggles of indigenous peoples amidst conversions, highlighting the tensions between traditional beliefs and Christian teachings.
Glossary definitions and references:
Oriental and Historical glossary list for “Letters from Philipp Johann von Strahlenberg to Curt Friedrich (1723-1724)”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of History, Linguistics, Religion, Philosophy, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism etc.
1) Tun:
A term from the historical correspondence of Philipp Johann von Strahlenberg, indicative of 'to do' or 'to perform'. The context involves instructions or tasks needing to be completed.
2) Winter:
It is the surname of Eduard Winter, referenced in the footnotes of the letters. He is noted for his publication on Halle’s role in German Russia studies in the 18th century.
3) Dahin (Dahi):
German for 'there', often used to denote direction or presence in a specified place. Here it is part of the correspondence about travels and locations
4) Finger:
Referenced in the contents for Hong Luo's article on the 'Whence the Five Fingers?'. The investigation pertains to philological aspects of the Laghukālacakratantra as quoted in sMan bla don grub’s texts
5) Pauli:
Pauli appears to reference a Lieutenant mentioned in Strahlenberg’s letters, involving financial transactions or interactions in a military context.
6) Tara:
A location in Siberia mentioned in Strahlenberg's letter. It signifies a geographical point relevant to his travels and observations among the native peoples.
7) Drum:
A German conjunction meaning 'therefore' or 'thus', used repeatedly in Strahlenberg's letters to indicate causality or reasoning
8) yid bzhin nor bu:
This is from the title of a Buddhist text cited in Hong Luo's article. It is investigated for its significance in the philological study
9) don grub:
Part of the ancient Tibetan text, Laghukālacakratantra, analyzed in Hong Luo's article for its philological and historical importance
10) Conversation:
Found in Strahlenberg's letter, referring to general interactions with different people during his travels or correspondence
11) Nutriment:
Strahlenberg describes the poor nutritional conditions among the Siberian natives which might have led to their decreasing population
12) Religion:
Strahlenberg's letters describe the religious practices and conversions among Siberian natives, including Christianity’s impact and native shamanistic traditions
13) Sanskrit:
Referenced in relation to Jesse Ross Knutson's book review about Sanskrit court poetry, indicative of the ancient Indian language
14) Kalasha (Kalasa):
Referenced in Claus Peter Zoller’s article reviewing 'Pagan Christmas: Winter feast of the Kalasha of the Hindu Kush', indicating cultural practices in this region
15) Bengal (Bemgal):
Region discussed in Jesse Ross Knutson's book reviewed by Stella Sandahl, focusing on the literary and cultural history
16) Ankara (Amkara):
Mentioned in the context of a publication by Hasan Eren in the bibliography of Strahlenberg’s letter, pointing to a major city in Turkey
17) Poetry (Poetic, Poetical):
Referenced twice: once in Jesse Ross Knutson’s book title about Sanskrit court poetry, reviewed by Stella Sandahl, and in connection with overall cultural studies in 'Acta Orientalia'
18) Secret (Secrecy, Secretly):
Possibly implied in Strahlenberg’s detailed correspondences discussing logistics, emotions, and personal plans
19) Praxis:
Used in Strahlenberg's letters contextualizing practical experience particularly relating to his knowledge in geography and history
20) Summa:
Latin for 'summary' or 'total', used by Strahlenberg, especially in his summation of observations among Siberian natives
21) Murti (Murtti):
Discussed by Raju Kalidos in relation to forms of Viṣṇu in 'Caturviṃśati-Mūrti forms of Viṣṇu'. Indicates idols and imagery in Hindu theology
22) Vishnu (Visnu):
Hindu deity extensively discussed in Raju Kalidos’s article, exploring various forms and idols, pivotal in secondary literature throughout the journal
23) Anita:
Mentioned as the translator of Maria Grigor’evna Novljanskaja’s work regarding Strahlenberg’s Siberian research. Full name Anita Apazidis
24) China:
Place of affiliation for Michael Knüppel, who authored the article on Strahlenberg’s letters, situating Knüppel’s academic position at Liaocheng University
25) India:
Location of publication for 'Acta Orientalia 2018', pertinent to contributor or production information thereof
26) Tiger:
[see source text or glossary: 'Tiger']
27) Pakan:
Referenced in Claus Peter Zoller’s review article 'Pagan Christmas: Winter feast of the Kalasha of the Hindu Kush', indicating pre-Christian traditions [see source text or glossary: ']Pagan]'
28) Court:
Part of the title in Jesse Ross Knutson's book 'Into the twilight of Sanskrit Court Poetry', implicating elite literary culture examined
29) Sena (Shena):
Associated with Jesse Ross Knutson's book review about the literary history of the Sena dynasty in Bengal
30) Lama:
Referenced in Strahlenberg’s letters, describing the religious influences on the Mongolian and Kalmyk peoples, specifically adhering to the Dalai Lama
31) Koch:
Cook discussed in Strahlenberg’s letters, named Andres, part of his travel party during Siberian expeditions
32) Tuwa:
Region referenced in association with the Chemčik River, critical to Strahlenberg’s geographical observations and studies
33) Soja:
Mentioned by Strahlenberg in a hypothetical context of his work progressing, perhaps local dialect or transliteration context
34) Pari:
[see source text or glossary: 'Pari']
35) Sage:
[see source text or glossary: 'Sage']
36) Wind:
Discussed by Strahlenberg to describe traveling conditions and delays affecting people such as G. F. Rothlieb
37) Book:
Referenced multiple times in Acta Orientalia’s 'Book Reviews' section including reviews of rigorous academic literature
38) Gold (Golden):
Referenced by Strahlenberg regarding financial dealings and the value of his maps and publications, particularly in monetary exchanges
39) Grub:
Part of the philological research by Hong Luo on the Laghukālacakratantra examining the textual legacy found therein
40) Capin (Capi):
Possibly shorthand for 'Capitain', referring to various military officials referenced in Strahlenberg’s letters
41) Atam:
Refers to Graf Adam zu Weyde, for whom Johann Reichmuth worked as Hofmeister and Hausprediger in Moscow, referenced in brief notes