The Bstan rcis of Nii ma bstan 'jin: Transcription of the Tibetan text
Journal name: Acta Orientalia
Original article title: The Bstan rcis of Ñii ma bstan ͐jin: Transcription of the Tibetan text
ACTA ORIENTALIA is a journal focused on the study of Oriental languages, history, archaeology, and religions from ancient times to the present. The journal includes articles reviewed by a senior scholar in the relevant field.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The text explores the "BSTAN RCIS OF NI MA BSTAN 'JIN," a Tibetan Buddhist text transcribed by Per Kværne from the original Tibetan script. The transcription is divided into numbered paragraphs, which correspond to a translation that provides insight into Buddhist teachings. The text presents a unique perspective on Tibetan numerology through symbolic expressions, emphasizing the significance of numerical representation within the religious context.
Concept 1: The Importance of Symbolic Language
One significant concept is the use of symbolic language in expressing numerical values in Tibetan teachings. The text highlights the unconventional ordering of numericals, where digits appear inverted compared to what might be expected. This practice reflects a deeper, symbolic function of numbers in Tibetan Buddhism, suggesting that numerals are not merely quantitative markers but carry richer meanings that connect to spiritual concepts.
Concept 2: Traditional Tibetan Buddhist Teachings
Additionally, the text discusses traditional Tibetan Buddhist teachings found within the paragraphs. These teachings encompass meditative practices, understandings of the mind and body, and the nature of enlightenment. The emphasis is placed on the interconnectedness of teachings and the methods of practice that lead to spiritual awakening, underpinning the overarching goal of transcending suffering through knowledge and mindfulness.
Concept 3: The Role of Disciple and Teacher
Another critical theme emerging from the text is the dynamic relationship between teacher and disciple in the learning pathway of Tibetan Buddhism. The text outlines how spiritual knowledge is conveyed from teacher to student, encouraging a deep sense of devotion and respect towards the learned. This teacher-student bond is portrayed as essential to the transmission of wisdom, embodying a traditional lineage of spiritual practice that enhances understanding and ensures the continuity of teachings.
Concept 4: The Integration of Philosophy and Practice
The text also delves into the integration of philosophical underpinnings with practical application in Tibetan Buddhism. It discusses how Tibetan wisdom traditions harmonize abstract philosophical discourse with meditative and ritual practices. This synthesis illustrates the holistic nature of Tibetan Buddhism, where philosophical insights serve as an intellectual backdrop for practical teachings, ultimately guiding practitioners in their spiritual journeys.
Conclusion
In summary, the transcription of the "BSTAN RCIS OF NI MA BSTAN 'JIN" reveals intricate details about Tibetan Buddhist spiritual practices and beliefs, highlighting the significance of symbolic language, the teacher-disciple relationship, and the integration of philosophy with practice. The insights gathered from this text contribute to a better understanding of Tibetan Buddhism, offering a valuable resource for scholars, practitioners, and those interested in exploring the rich tapestry of Tibetan spiritual traditions. The work not only serves as an academic piece but also as a bridge connecting multiple aspects of the Tibetan Buddhist experience, thereby enriching the reader's knowledge and appreciation of this profound tradition.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
Per Kværne
Acta Orientalia:
(Founded in 1922 and published annually)
Full text available for: The Bstan rcis of Ñii ma bstan ͐jin: Transcription of the Tibetan text
Year: 1971 | Doi: 10.5617/ao.5194
Copyright (license): CC BY 4.0
Download the PDF file of the original publication
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the focus of the text by Per Kværne?
The text is a transcription of a Tibetan text, discussing the Bstan rcis of Ni ma Bstan 'jin, with numbered paragraphs corresponding to a translation.
Who is the author of the transcription?
Per Kværne, who is a Mag. art. and Lector at the University of Bergen, authored the transcription.
What does the numerical representation inverted mean?
The numerical representation employs inverted symbolic words, such as mkha' (0) and stoń (0), indicating numbers in Tibetan that may appear counterintuitive.
How is the text structured?
The text is divided into numbered paragraphs which facilitate both understanding and navigation of its contents and the accompanying translations.
What is the significance of the Bstan rcis?
Bstan rcis refers to a lineage or teaching system within Tibetan Buddhism, vital for preserving and conveying spiritual and philosophical teachings.
Who participated in the development of Tangut literature?
Researchers and scholars, notably including E. I. Kychanov, have contributed significantly to Hsi-hsia (Tangut) studies, promoting interest and understanding of its script and history.
What issue is addressed regarding Tangut studies?
The text highlights the challenge of comprehending Tangut studies without extensive background knowledge, emphasizing the need for foundational understanding among wider audiences.
Glossary definitions and references:
Oriental and Historical glossary list for “The Bstan rcis of Nii ma bstan 'jin: Transcription of the Tibetan text”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of History, Linguistics, Religion, Philosophy, Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism etc.
1) Shtag (Stag):
In the Tibetan text, 'Stag' refers to a Tiger, which is a significant animal in Tibetan culture and also used in astrological contexts.
2) Grub:
'Grub' in the Tibetan context means 'attainment' or 'accomplishment'. It often refers to someone who has achieved a high level of spiritual insight.
3) Drug:
'Drug' means Six in Tibetan numerals. Numerical symbols have cultural and symbolic meanings in Tibetan texts.
4) rgyud:
'Rgyud' translates to 'tantra' or 'continuum'. It is essential in tantric practices and philosophical teachings in Tibetan Buddhism.
5) Kham (khams, Khaam):
'Kham' refers to a region in Eastern Tibet, which is culturally and historically important.
6) thub pa:
'Thub pa' means 'Muni' or 'sage'. It often refers to Buddha Shakyamuni, the sage of the Shakya clan.
7) Nan:
'Gnan' refers to intuitive knowledge or insight in Tibetan Buddhism.
8) lhun grub:
'Lhun grub' means 'spontaneously accomplished' or 'natural perfection'. It is used to describe the nature of enlightened beings.
9) smon lam:
'Smon lam' translates to 'aspiration prayer'. These prayers are significant in Buddhist practice for generating positive aspirations.
10) Khyun:
'Khyun' may refer to a stream or flow, symbolizing the continuous flow of mind or consciousness.
11) Trulku (Trülku, sprul sku):
'Sprul sku' means 'nirmanakaya', the manifested body of a Buddha that appears to benefit sentient beings.
12) phyi dar:
'Phyi dar' refers to the 'later dissemination' of Buddhism in Tibet, an important period in Tibetan history.
13) gdan sa:
'Gdan sa' means 'seat' or 'throne', often referring to the spiritual or administrative seat of a high lama or monastery.
14) Chad:
'Chad' means 'cutting' and refers to texts, practices, or teachings that involve separating or cutting through delusion.
15) Chan:
'Chan' in Tibetan can mean 'part' or 'portion'. It often appears in lists or descriptions of divisions within a text.
16) mkha' spyod:
'Mkha' spyod' means 'sky-goer' and often refers to a practitioner of advanced spiritual practices, such as a dakini.
17) Terton (gter ston, Tertön):
'Gter ston' means 'treasure revealer', referring to individuals who discover hidden spiritual treasures or texts in Tibetan Buddhism.
18) khor lo:
'Khor lo' translates to 'wheel'. It often denotes the Dharma Wheel, symbolizing the Buddha's teachings.
19) Sidpai (srid pa'i, srid pa, Sidpa):
'Srid pa'i' is related to existence or being, often found in philosophical and metaphysical texts.
20) mkhas grub:
'Mkhas grub' refers to a highly accomplished scholar or adept in Tibetan Buddhism.
21) grub pa:
'Grub pa' translates to 'accomplishment', indicating the achievement of spiritual goals or realization.
22) Iron:
'Iron' is an element and often used in the context of the Tibetan astrological calendar, such as the Iron Tiger Year.
23) Stag gzig:
'Stag gzig' refers to the 'Tiger-Leopard', symbolizing something ferocious and powerful in Tibetan culture.
24) Samten (bsam gtan):
'Bsam gtan' means 'meditative concentration' or 'samadhi', a crucial aspect of Buddhist practice.
25) Monkey:
'Monkey' is one of the twelve animals in the Tibetan zodiac and plays a vital role in astrological considerations.
26) Karma (Karman):
'Karma' refers to the law of cause and effect, a foundational concept in Tibetan Buddhism.
27) Padma:
'Padma' means 'lotus', a significant symbol for purity and enlightenment in Tibetan and broader Buddhist iconography.
28) Tiger:
'Tiger' is another animal in the Tibetan zodiac, representing bravery, power, and dignity.
29) Khan:
'Khan' is a title of nobility, often used in the context of Tibetan and Mongolian history.
30) Khar:
'Khar' means 'fortress' or 'castle', substantial in the historical and cultural landscape of Tibet.
31) Phan:
'Phan' refers to 'benefit' or 'welfare', commonly appearing in prayers and wishes for the well-being of others.
32) Chal:
'Chal' means 'volleys' or 'waves', which could be used metaphorically to describe dynamic, continuous actions or phenomena.
33) Shon (Son):
'Shon' means 'to practice' or 'to follow', essential in the context of following spiritual or ethical practices.
34) Fire:
'Fire' is part of the Tibetan zodiac elements, essential in divination and astrological texts.
35) Hare:
'Hare' is one of the twelve animals in the Tibetan zodiac, significant for astrological interpretations.
36) Bar po so brgyad:
'Bar po so brgyad' means 'neutral' or 'deliberation', often used in astrological or ritual contexts.
37) Rnam rgyal:
'Rnam rgyal' means 'victory', often used in the names of deities, temples, and texts to signify triumph over obstacles.
38) byin rlabs:
'Byin rlabs' means 'blessing', a significant term in rituals and prayers for divine favor.
39) zlos gar:
'Zlos gar' refers to 'dramatic performance', a cultural and religious art form in Tibetan tradition.
40) theg dgu:
'Theg dgu' means 'nine vehicles', referring to the nine levels of teachings in Nyingma, the oldest school of Tibetan Buddhism.
41) don grub:
'Don grub' means 'meaningful attainment' or 'fruition', describing the realization of spiritual practice goals.
42) sgo gsum:
'Sgo gsum' means 'three doors', referring to body, speech, and mind in Buddhist practice.
43) sa bdag:
'Sa bdag' means 'land deity' or 'local spirit', significant in Tibetan culture for harmonizing with the environment.
44) mi pham:
'Mi pham' is a notable Tibetan name, likely referring to the famous scholar and polymath Mipham Rinpoche.
45) gnas pa:
'Gnas pa' means 'abiding' or 'dwelling', often used to describe the state of being settled or established.
46) sgrub thabs:
'Sgrub thabs' means 'sadhana' or 'method of accomplishment', crucial for achieving enlightenment in Buddhist practice.
47) Literature:
The Tibetan text is a piece of literature, reflecting the rich literary traditions and scholarship of Tibetan culture.
48) Experience:
Experience denotes the deep understanding and practical knowledge gained, crucial for interpreting Tibetan texts accurately.
49) Knowledge:
Knowledge refers to scholarly understanding, essential for translating and transcribing Tibetan texts like the one provided.
50) gzugs sku:
'Gzugs sku' means 'form body', referring to one of the three bodies of a Buddha in Mahayana Buddhism.
51) slob dpon:
'Slob dpon' means 'master' or 'teacher', crucial in the transmission of Tibetan Buddhist teachings.
52) Language:
The provided text is in the Tibetan language, which has unique grammatical and symbolic systems essential for its comprehension.
53) spros pa:
'Spros pa' refers to 'conceptual elaboration', a key philosophical term in Tibetan Buddhism.
54) ma rgyud:
'Ma rgyud' could mean 'Mother Tantra', important in certain schools of Tibetan Buddhism, emphasizing specific tantric practices.
55) Tibetan:
The document's relevance lies in its being a transcription of Tibetan text, highlighting the importance of the Tibetan language and script.
56) Student:
The transcription is useful for a student of Tibetan studies, providing insight into the complexities of Tibetan grammar and cultural references.
57) Prajna:
'Prajna' means 'wisdom', a principal virtue in Buddhist practice and philosophy.
58) Glass:
The term 'glass' metaphorically represents clarity and seeing through illusions, significant in Buddhist thought.
59) Fruit:
Fruit symbolizes the results or outcomes of one's efforts, often used metaphorically in spiritual contexts to denote the fruition of practice.
60) rgyan:
'Rgyan' means 'ornament', often used to describe the adorned nature of enlightened beings or sacred objects.
61) gdams:
'Gdams' means 'instruction' or 'teaching', essential for the transmission of knowledge in Tibetan Buddhism.
62) Union:
'Union' can refer to the union of wisdom and compassion or method and wisdom, central in Vajrayana Buddhism.
63) Chas:
'Chas' means 'ornament', typically used to describe sacred art or ritual objects in Tibetan culture.
64) Snan:
'Snan' means 'appearance', used in philosophical discussions about the nature of phenomena and reality in Tibetan Buddhism.
65) Drum:
'Drum' could refer to a ritual drum, significant in Tibetan religious ceremonies for invoking deities and spirits.
66) Book:
The 'Book' refers to the transcription and translation efforts, encapsulating the scholarly work on Tibetan texts.
67) Srog:
'Srog' means 'life-force' or 'vitality', often discussed in medical texts and tantric practices.
68) Car:
'Char' could mean 'spread' or 'diffuse', indicating the dispersion of teachings or influences.
69) Tar:
'Thar' means 'liberation', the ultimate goal in Buddhist practice, seeking freedom from samsara.
70) sgra:
'Sgra' means 'sound', significant in both linguistic studies and spiritual practices in Tibetan Buddhism.
71) Chod (Chöd, gcod):
'Chod' refers to a specific tantric practice aimed at cutting through the ego and attachments.
72) Tam:
'Tham' may refer to 'sincerity' or 'truthfulness', ethical qualities highly valued in Tibetan Buddhism.