10. The mode of monastic life

In this section, as in the previous one, the details are mainly provided by the Vasudevahindi by Sanghadasa Monks as a rule never lead a settled life at one place, with a view not to develop any attachment towards 1. Vasudevahindi by Sanghadasa, 272. Rayaharana or Payapumchana was used to by the monk to cleanse a place before sitting on it. Pattaniyoga is the same as payaniyojja referred to in Oghaniryukti. Pp. 273, 269. 2. Vasudevahindi by Sanghadasa, 19. See Deo, S.B., History of Jaina Monachism 3. Ibid., 150. 4. Ibid., 272-73. 5. Ibid., 76.

488 persons or places. Even senior monks like Suhamma 1, Harivahana², and Namlivaddhana ³ moved from place to place. However, in their itinerary, they are seen to visit the same places frequently 4, but they did not stay for long at these 5. The only exception was that of rainy season when it was difficult for the monks to move because of an upsurge of animate objects like plants. Monastic Residente: During the rainy season or otherwise the monks preferred to have their residence in the monastery (upassaya, padisaya³) away from the human settlement 1. Vasudevahindi by Sanghadasa, 3, 16. 2. Ibid., 287. 4. Ibid., 89, 111. 3. Ibid., 85. 5. There is, however, an exception to be noted. A queen who had turned into a nun, did remain in her home town continuously because of her affection towards the son. ibid., 214. This must have been either an exception or Sometimes persons from royal family were a concession. given concessions for some time after their entering the order; see Deo, Op. cit. P. 402. 6. Panabahuta meini vasakale, na jujjai Jaijanassa samcarium Vasudevahindi by Sanghadasa, 129. 7. Ibid., 118. 8. Ibid., 332.

489 whether in a village or in a city 1. The ideal places for city¹. residence were the quarters in the public or private gardens (ujjanagiha) 2 outside the village or town, where were installed the images of the local gods ³. Sometimes gardnes which were not used by people (jinnujjana) because of the crumbled structure (parisadiyabhagga-osariyabhittipasam) therein, were taken resort to by the Jaina monks because of the solitude 4. Monks also stayed in caves as in the case of the city of Rayagiha, where they staged Y on the Vebhara hill. The main consideration of a Jaina monk in selecting the place of residence was that it should be pure and fit for a monk to live in (sahujogge phasue desabhage uggaham 5, phasukayam vasahiyam). 1. Deo, Op. cit., P. 158. 3. Ibid., 85. 5. Ibid., 74° 2. Vasudevahindi by Sanghadasa, 231. 4. Ibid., 34. 6. Ibid., 254.