2.21. Jain temples during the reign of Bhima I

The literary references as to the existence of sevaral Jain temples during the reign of Bhima I are available. In V. S. 1112 (A. D. 1056) Gunasagarasuri consecrated images of Jiravala Parsvanatha and Abhinandanajina at Pawagadh.70 The temple of Neminatha was built in V. S. 1113 (A. D. 1057) and the image was consecrated in it in V. S. 1135 (A. D. 1079). 71 Some templerepairing works also have been executed here in V. S. 1115 (A. D. 1059), 72 The temple of Kumbhesvara near Vimalavasahika at Abu also seems to have been built during this period. Externally as well as internally it is lavishly carved. The pillars and doors are fashioned like those of the Vimalavasahika and the Sun temple at Modhera.73 69. U. P. Shah; H. A. int. pp. xx-xxii. 70. Jain Tirtha Sarva Sangraha Vol. 1, 1, pp. 19, 20. 71. Ibid. p. 121. 72. lbid. p. 121. 73. Munivisalavijayji, 'Kumbharia' p. 59; Dave K. B. 'Ambika' Kotesvara ane Kumbharia, pp. 44-45.

Structural Temples of the Caulukyan Period 127 The Mahavira temple at Kumbharia (Dist. Banaskantha ), is securely dated by an inscription on the pedastal belonging to the original principle image in the sanctum which refers to the rendering of the image of 'Tirthadhipa' at Arasna in V. S. 1118 (A. D. 1062).73/1 The temple rests on a large platform (Jagati ). It consists of garbhagriha, gudhamandapa, Trikamandapa ( of three Cokis), Sabhamandapa and Srngaracokis (porches). The Sabhamandapa is flanked by eight devakulikas on either side and six niches instead of devakulikas in front of it, and two other devakulikas placed at right angles with a common mandapa in the extreme s. e. corner, thus constituting 24 cells for tirthankaras. 73/3 In front of the central porch there is also a balanaka. The temple complex faces north. Where the devakulikas terminate the prakara starts and encloses the remaining part of the temple and ensures complete seclusion. The prakara also contains two more entrances-one on the east and the other on the west. The interior carvings of the temple in appearance is pearl like ornate and completely proportionate. The two central ceilings of the trikamandapa are master peices of their class. 73/3 According to Merutunga, Karna I. (1066-94 A. D.), after attacking Asa Bhilla at Asapalli (near modern Ahmedabad ) received an omen from Bhairavadevi (Bhairavadevyah Sakuna Jate), and built there a temple of the goodess Kocaraba.74 The name of the goddess is preserved in that of the present name of the Suburb on the Sabarmati.75 The locality contains a small shrine of its goddess, but shows no traces of 73/1. Visalvijayaji 'Kumbharia', p. 43 Inscription No. 1. 73/2. Ibid. p. 36; For the ground plan of this temple See Bombay Sanskrit Series III, p. 109. 73/3. Dave K. B. Ambika Kotesvara ane Kumbharia. pp. 53-55. Here Fig. 82. 74. Prabandha Cintamani Tawny 80; Prabandha Cintamani Jinvijaya 55. ' 75. Forbes. 'Rasamala 1, 79. Forbes says that the temple was in existence till his times.

128 The Structural Temples of Gujarat a Siva a the old temple. Karna is further credited by Merutunga with having built the temple of Karnesvara, presumably temple, at Asapalli, where he also erected another temple dedidcated to goddess Jayanti. The temples do not exist there at present. The same author tells us that in Pattana, Karna caused to be built the temple of Karnameru, 76 which also does not exist at present. Karna had three Jain ministers-Munjala, Santu and Udaya (Uda). Santu built a temple called Santu Vasahika and Uda built a large temple called Udayana-Vihara at Karnavati, 77 built by Karna in the vicinity of old Asapalli. The site of this city seems located round about modern Kocharab, but the temples do not survive at present. The name of Munjalavasati at Anhilpura, mentioned in the prasasti (Colophon) of Yogadrsti-Samuccaya of Haribhadrasuri composed in V. S. 1146 (A. D. 1090)78, implies that it was probably built by Munjala. The temple is no more in existence. The Ladol copper-plates of Karna dated V. S. 1140 (A. D 1084) 79 supply an epigraphical evidence for the existence of a Jain temple dedicated to Sumatinathadeva enshrined in the Vasahika (temple) erected by Mahamatya Pradyuman in Takavadhi (modern Takodi, Mehsana District). The temple is extinct since long.