Stupas in Orissa (Study)

by Meenakshi Chauley | 2013 | 109,845 words

This study examines the Stupas and Votive Stupas in Odisha or Orissa (Eastern India).—In this thesis an attempt has been made to trace the historicity of Buddhism in Odisha on the basis of the architectural development of the Stupa architecture. Archaeological evidence obtained from excavated sites dates such structures as early as third-second cen...

Stylised Form of the Frames of the Niches

Stylised Frame -1

There is an oblong frame around the niche devoid of any carvings (Plate-CXCVI).

Stylised Frame -2

There is a plain semicircular arched frame around the niche which is curved inside the niche (Plate-CXXXIII).

Stylised Frame -3

There is an arched frame with pointed top around the oblong niche. Above the niche within a circle an eight petalled flower is carved; the petals are rounded in shape (Plate-CCLXXVII).

Stylised Frame -4

There is a semicircular arched frame with beaded border around the niche which is rounded from inside (Plate-XCV).

Stylised Frame -5

There is a triangular arched frame with a bead shaped projections at the corners around the niche (Plate-CCLXXVIII).

Stylised Frame -5

There is a plain arched frame with a pointed crown and inside the niche there is a square cut at the centre (Plate-CLIV).

Stylised Frame -6

There is a semicircular frame carved with geometrical lines; crowned by a kalasha motif around the niche (Plate-CCLXXIX).

Stylised Frame -7

There is an oblong frame carved with halves of flower; the petals are pointed at the tip within beaded triangles around the niche and a half of a flower at the centre (Plate-CXLV).

Stylised Frame–8

There is an oblong double frame around the niche devoid of any carving. The lintel above the frame is tapering and there is a triangular projection at the centre (Plate-CCLXXX).

Stylised Frame–9

There is an oblong frame carved with halves of flower; the petals are pointed at the tip within two lines of triangles around the niche. The lintel above the frame is tapering there is a beaded border at the base and a half of a flower at the centre (Plate-CXCI).

Stylised Frame–10

There is an oblong frame carved with halves of flower; the petals are rounded within double wavy lines around the niche. The lintel above the frame is tapering and is carved with halves of flower within double wavy lines at the base and a half of a flower at the centre (Plate-CXCVIII).

Stylised Frame–11

There is an oblong frame carved with halves of flower; the petals are pointed at the tip within double triangles around the niche. The lintel above the frame is tapering and is carved with a row of cone shaped motifs with two bands at the base and two at the top followed by beaded line above it at the centre Avalokitesvara is depicted seated in maharajalilasana holding the stalk of lotus with his left arm. (Plate-CXCVII)

Stylised Frame–12

This stupa does not have a frame around the image and the image is also projected outside. There is a semicircular arch crowned by some motif (difficult to identify) in such a manner as if it is providing shade to the image. (Plate-LXV)

Various types of carvings on the chaitya window motifs

Stylised Frame–13

There is an oblong frame around the niche carved with full blown four petalled flower; the petals are rounded in shape. The lintel above the frame is tapering and is carved with halves of flower within beaded triangles; followed by a chaitya window motif; at the centre double petalled flower is depicted (Plate-CCLXXXI).

Stylised Frame–14

There is an oblong frame around the niche carved with halves of flower; the petals are pointed at the tip. The lintel above the frame is tri-ratha and tapering and is carved with four petalled flowers within beaded lines on the kanika-paga and scroll motif within beaded lines on the raha-paga; followed by a chaitya window motif (Plate LX).

Stylised Frame–15

There is an oblong frame around the niche carved with halves of flower; the petals are pointed at the tip within geometric lines. The lintel above the frame is tapering followed by an ornate chaitya window motif with a female figure seated in vajra-prayankasana posture inside with her right arm close to her chest and her left arm resting on her left leg (Plate-XXXV).

Stylised Frame–16

There is an oblong frame around the niche carved with halves of flower; the petals are pointed at the tip within triangles. The lintel above the frame is tapering and is carved with halves of flowers within beaded triangles followed by a chaitya window motif (Plate-XXXIV).

Stylised Frame–17

There is an oblong highly decorated frame; leaves are arranged in stylised manner within beaded borders. Above the tapering lintel two deer’s are depicted in seated position crossing each other and their head resting on each other’s body followed by a chaitya window motif with a human face at the centre (Plate LXI).

Stylised Frame–18

There is a plain oblong frame followed by a tapering tri-ratha lintel crowned by a chaityawindow motif with a kirti-mukha at the centre (Plate-CXI).

Stylised Frame–19

There is an oblong frame around the niche carved with scroll design within beaded lines and in the central portion inside a square frame a four petalled flower is depicted. The lintel above the frame is tapering and is carved with row of full blown flower and followed by a chaitya window motif (Plate-CCLXXXII).

Stylised Frame–20

There is an oblong frame around the niche carved with a row of beaded lines, followed by a chaitya window motif. There is a hiatus between the frame and the chaitya window motif (Plate CXXXII).

Stylised Frame–21

There is an oblong niche embellished with projected jamb which is relieved with an elongated chaitya window motif, inside a miniature stupa is depicted above which the chaitya window motif is carved with geometrical and scroll motifs. (Plate-XC)

Stylised Frame–22

The frame around the niche is intricately carved with scroll design; at the centre of the lintel two swains are depicted holding a beaded hara with their beak around a miniature stupa followed by a band of full blown lotus and a elongated chaitya window motif inside which Buddha is depicted seated on a lotus in dhyana-mudra. There is an elliptical halo behind his head; above which the chaitya window motif is carved with scroll motifs and beaded lines (Plate CCLXXXIII).

Stylised Frame–23

The frame and the lintel around the niche are relieved with halves of flowers within triangular borders of two lines followed by a chaitya window motif. On both the sides of the chaitya window motif lions are suppressing the elephants (Plate-LXXXIX).

Stylised Frame–24

The frame around the niche is relieved with a row of four petalled flowers followed by a chaitya window motif (Plate-CXXXIV)

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