Minor Votive Stupas at Ratnagiri

Largest number of monolithic stupas has been reported from Ratnagiri. More than six hundred stupas are found scattered on the site and the neighbouring area. The local villagers have been using Buddhist vestiges for construction of their house i.e. architectural fragments like pillars has been used for supporting the house or used as steps (Plate-XCII). Stupas have been used for planting Tulsi in many houses (Plate-XCIII A, B).

Ratnagiri was one of the important Vajrayana centres which reflect on the stupas as well. Along with Buddha large numbers of stupas are dedicated to gods and goddess of Vajrayana sect. All the stupas at the site which contained images has been discussed in this work but not all the stupas devoid of image have been discussed below as most of the stupas are sharing common features in many cases, only the one with unique features has been described.

[Images of Buddha in Bhumisparsha-mudra]

Votive Stupa No. 1

[(47 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi (base) carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain broad band in the centre, 2. and a cylindrical medhi (drum) with a band at the base, the anda (dome) and harmika are missing (Plate-XCIV). In the niche which has a plain arched frame around it, Buddha is depicted in bhumisparsha-mudra seated in vajra-prayankasana posture on a visva-padma (double petalled lotus) clad in an antarvasa and an uttarasanga which leaves his right chest, shoulder and arm bare. Behind the head is a circular halo and above it, branches of the Bodhi tree is depicted.

Votive Stupa No. 2

[(70 cm high)]

The monolithic votive stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi (base) carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain broad band in the centre, 2. a cylindrical plain medhi, 3. a plain anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, 5. and a chatravali (umbrella) in the form of a circular disc. Within a niche with a plain arched frame, robed in an antarvasa and uttarasanga which leaves his right chest, shoulder and arm bare, Buddha with an oval halo behind the head, branches of the Bodhi tree is depicted on the halo is depicted in bhumisparsha-mudra seated in vajra-prayankasana posture on a visva-padma, below which the foliage of the lotus flower is depicted.

Votive Stupa No. 3

[(63.5 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi carved into khura and an inverted khura on all the four sides, 2. a plain high medhi, 3. a plain anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top. 5. and a short chatravali of three gradually receding discs capped by a small pear-shaped crowning member slightly broken (Plate-XCV). The niche bearing the image of Buddha around which is a semicircular arch with beaded border and a floral motif on the centre of the arch; Buddha clothed in an antarvasa and an utarasanga, leaving his right chest, shoulder and arm bare. Seated in the vajra-prayanksana attitude against a plain back-rest which is extended behind his head in a form of a halo, he is in bhumisparsha-mudra. Below the double petalled lotus on which Buddha is seated, is an incense burner, beside two unidentified objects.

Votive Stupa No. 4

[(90.2 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square platform with three mouldings: khura, pata and inverted khura connected by a central band, 2. a medhi with two mouldings: one in turned and the other out turned and a facet at the base and two nolis flanked by facet at the top, 3. a plain anda, 4. a triratha harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, 5. and a chatravali with two discs are extant at present. In the niche with a semicircular top, around which is a raised frame with a triangular top, Buddha is seated in bhumisparsha-mudra with a tiny bowl in his left hand which is placed on his lap. Robed in an antarvasa held by a band and an uttarasang which leaves his right chest, shoulder and arm bare, he is seated in vajra-paryankasana attitude on a doublepetalled lotus, below which are four bowls of offerings and a kneeling devotee with folded hands. The devotee is carved inside another niche which extends up to the top portion of the vedhi. The face of Buddha is chopped off.

Votive Stupa No. 5

[(79 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi (base) carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain broad band in the centre, 2. a cylindrical medhi with a band at the base and the top, 3. a plain anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top. Inside the niche which has a plain arched frame, Buddha robed in an antaravasa and uttarasanga which leaves his right chest, shoulder and arm bare is shown in bhumisparsha-mudra seated in vajra-prayankasana posture on a visvapadma, below visvapadma the leaves of the lotus flower are depicted. The rendering of the curls covering his head and ushnisha is stylized.

Votive Stupa No. 6

[(62 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1.square vedhi (base) carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a central band, 2. a cylindrical plain medhi, 3. a plain anda, 4. and a small portion of the facet of the square harmika exists. Inside the niche which has a plain arched frame, Buddha robed in an antaravasa and uttarasanga which leaves his right chest, shoulder and arm bare is seated in bhumisparsha-mudra in vajra-prayankasana posture on a visvapadma, below visvapadma the leaves of the lotus flower are depicted. The rendering of the curls covering his head and ushnisha is stylized.

Votive Stupa No. 7

[(62 cm high)]

Same mouldings and attributes as stupa No.6, in addition there exists a circular halo behind the head of Buddha.

Votive Stupa No. 8

[(53 cm high)]

Stupa consists of a 1. plain square vedhi, 2. a plain cylindrical medhi, 3. anda with rounded top corners 4. and the square harmika of which the lowest facet is extant (Plate-XCVI). Inside the semicircular arched frame niche, decorated with beads on the sides and halve of a flower on the centre, Buddha robed in an antarvasa and uttarasanga which leaves his right chest, shoulder and arm bare is seated in bhumisparsha-mudra. This stupa is quite different from other stupas bearing Buddha’s image; below the double petalled lotus seat, over three miniature stupas, a vajra is placed.

Votive Stupa No. 9

[(75.5 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1. square vedhi (base) carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain broad band in the centre, 2. a medhi with the band at the base and the top, 3. a high anda with rounded top corners, 4. and square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top. There is a square socket at the centre of the harmika for holding the shaft of the missing chatravali. In the niche which has a plain arched frame around it, Buddha is depicted in bhumisparsha-mudra seated in vajra-prayankasana posture on a visva-padma (double petalled lotus) clad in an antarvasa and an uttarsanga which leaves his right chest, shoulder and arm bare. Behind the head is the circular halo. Below the seat foliage of the lotus stem is depicted.

Votive Stupa No. 10

[(78 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. vedhi carved into a khura, and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a medhi with double petalled lotus capped by a beaded line at the base and a band with row of thunderbolts within borders having beaded lines at the top, 3. a circular anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and the top. The raised border around the niche is embellished with halves of flowers within the triangles; Buddha is robed in an antarvasa and uttarasanga which leaves his right chest, shoulder and arm bare, is seated in the prayankasana attitude on a double petalled lotus with his right arm in bhumisparsha-mudra and the left arm is placed, palms up, on his lap. The rendering of the curls covering his head and ushnisha is stylized. There is a circular halo behind his head.

Votive Stupa No. 11

[(90 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a central band, 2.medhi with a band and a facet at the base and two nolis flanked by facets at the top.3. and a low anda. In the niche which has a plain arched frame around it, Buddha is depicted in bhumisparsha-mudra seated in vajra-prayankasana posture on a visvapadma (double petalled lotus) clad in an antarvasa and an uttarsanga which leaves his right chest, shoulder and arm bare. Below the seat a kneeling devotee with folded hands, incense burner and bowl of offering are depicted.

Votive Stupa No. 12

[(26 cm high)]

The miniature monolithic stupa consists of 1. a circular vedhi carved in the form of three diminishing tiers, 2. a circular medhi, 3. a conical anda, 4. and a three tiered square harmika; the lowest band is tapering upwards, the central band is semicircular in shape;within facets and the upper band is like a blooming lotus (Plate-XCVII). On all the four sides at the centre of the square harmika a bell shaped object is hanging down through a beaded chain. Buddha is depicted in bhumisparsha-mudra on all the four cardinal directions, images are in relief. Buddha is seated in vajra-prayankasana posture on a square base. Clad in an antarvasa and an uttarsanga leaving his right chest, shoulder and arm bare.

Votive Stupa No. 13

[(56 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1. square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a band in the centre, 2. a circular medhi, 3. a high anda with rounded top corners, 4. a harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top.5. and a chatravali of two gradually receding discs. In the niche which has a plain arched frame around it, Buddha is depicted in bhumisparshamudra seated in vajra-prayankasana posture on a visvapadma (double petalled lotus) clad in an antarvasa and an uttarsanga which leaves his right chest, shoulder and arm bare.

Votive Stupa No. 14

[(63 cm high)]

The stupa is same as Stupa No. 13 except for the harmika is missing and below the seat a bowl of offering and incense burner are depicted.

Votive Stupa No. 15

[(48 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1. tri-ratha vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a central band, 2. a cylindrical plain medhi, 3. a plain anda, 4. a small portion of the square harmika exists. Inside the niche which has a plain arched frame, Buddha is robed in an antarvasa and uttarasanga which leaves his right chest, shoulder and arm bare he is seated in bhumisparshamudra in prayankasana posture on a double petalled lotus, below the seat offerings are placed. There is an oval halo behind his head.

Votive Stupa No. 16

[(54 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1. vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a central band, 2. a cylindrical medhi, 3. anda with rounded top corners, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top. Inside the niche which has a plain arched frame, Buddha robed in an antarvasa and uttarasanga which leaves his right chest, shoulder and arm bare is seated in bhumisparsha-mudra in prayankasana posture on a double petalled lotus, below the seat offerings are placed. There is an oval halo behind his head. The image is defaced.

Votive Stupa No. 17 (53 cm)

The stupa consists of 1. a tall square vedhi, 2. a cylindrical medhi, 3. a plain anda with rounded top corners, 4. snd the lowest facet of a square harmika is extant. Inside the oblong niche devoid of any frame, Buddha robed in an antarvasa and uttarasanga which leaves his right chest, shoulder and arm bare in bhumisparsha-mudra seated in vajra-prayankasana posture on a visva padma, below the visvapadma a kneeling devotee with folded hands, incense burner and bowl of offering are depicted. On the top corners of the niche full blown lotus are depicted.

Votive Stupa No. 18

[(52 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a short square vedhi, 2. a circula medhi with a band at the base and the top, 3. a cylindrical anda with rounded top corners, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top at the centre of the band is a three petalled flower, the top portion of the band is tapering, 5. and a stunted chatravali of three gradually diminishing discs (rest broken) (Plate-XCVIII). Inside the oblong niche, which has a semicircular curve at the centre, devoid of any frame around it, Buddha is seated in bhumisparsha-mudra in vajra-prayankasana posture on a plane seat, robed in an antarvasa and uttarasanga which leaves his right chest, shoulder and arm bare.

Votive Stupa No. 19

[(78.5 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square platform with a khura and a inverted khura connected by a central band, 2. a medhi with band at the base and two nolis flanked by facet at the top, 3. and a plain anda.. In the niche with a semicircular top, around which is a raised frame with a semicircular top, Buddha is seated in bhumisparsha-mudra with a tiny bowl in his left hand which is place on his lap. Robed in an antarvasa held by a band and an uttarasang which leaves his right chest, shoulder and arm bare, he is seated in vajra-paryankasana attitude on a double-petalled lotus, below which are bowl of offering, a lamp and a kneeling devotee with folded hands.

Votive Stupa No. 20 (47cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a tall square vedhi, 2. a cylindrical medhi, 3. and a short anda with rounded top corners Inside the oblong niche, devoid of any frame around it, Buddha robed in an antarvasa and uttarasanga which leaves his right chest, shoulder and arm bare is seated in bhumisparsha-mudra in vajra prayankasana posture on a plane seat. The face of the image is chopped off.

Votive Stupa No. 21

[(52 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi carved into a khura, pata and an inverted khura with a plain broad band in the centre, 2. a cylindrical medhi, 3. a circular anda, 4. and the lowest facet of the square harmika is present. In the niche which has a plain arched frame around it, Buddha clad in an antarvasa and an uttarsanga which leaves his right chest, shoulder and arm bare is depicted in bhumisparsha-mudra seated in vajra prayankasana posture on a visva padma (double petalled lotus) below which the foliage of the lotus flower is depicted. The rendering of the curls covering his head and ushnisha is stylized.

Votive Stupa No. 22

[(60 cm high)]

The stupa is same as Stupa No.19 in addition below his seat inside another niche is a kneeling devotee with folded hands is depicted. The stupa is badly worn off.

Votive Stupa No. 23

[(63 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a plain square vedhi, 2. a circular medhi, 3. a cylindrical anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, 5. and a chatravali in the form of three circular diminishing discs. Inside the niche which has a frame decorated with circular beads, Buddha in bhumisparsha-mudra robed in an antarvasa and uttarasang which leaves his right chest, shoulder and arm bare is seated in vajra prayankasana posture on a visva padma, below visva padma is bowl of offering and incense burner. Around his head is a circular halo.

Votive Stupa No. 24

[(54 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain band at the centre, 2. a circular medhi, 3. anda with rounded top corners, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base (rest is broken). Within a niche with a plain arched frame, robed in an antarvasa and uttarasanga which leaves his right chest, shoulder and arm bare, Buddha with an oval halo behind the head is depicted in bhumisparsha-mudra seated in vajra-prayankasana posture on a visvapadma, below which the foliage of the lotus flower is depicted.

Votive Stupa No. 25

[(52 cm high)]

This stupa has been carved out of a vertical stone slab. The front portion of the medhi is rounded on the sides and the back portion is flat.

The tri-ayatana stupa consists of a 1. front part of the vedhi which is carved into a khura and an inverted khura with an oblong at the centre, 2. and a medhi with two miniature stupas on the either sides of the niche (rest of the part of the stupa is broken) (Plate-XCIX).Within a niche with a plain arched frame, robed in an antarvasa and uttarasanga which leaves his right chest, shoulder and arm bare, Buddha with an oval halo behind the head is depicted in bhumisparsha-mudra seated in vajra-prayankasana posture on a visva-padma, below which the foliage of the lotus flower is depicted.

Votive Stupa No. 26

[(68.5 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. vedhi carved into a khura, and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a medhi with double petalled lotus capped by a beaded line at the base and a band with row of thunderbolts within borders having beaded lines at the top, 3. a circular anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet exists. The raised border around the niche is embellished with halves of flowers within the triangles; Buddha is robed in an antarvasa and uttarasanga, which leaves his right chest, shoulder and arm bare, is seated in the prayankasana attitude on a double petalled lotus with his right arm in bhumisparsha-mudra and the left arm placed on his lap. There is a circular halo behind his head.

Votive Stupa No. 27

[(71 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1. square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a band in the centre, 2. a circular medhi, 3. a high anda with rounded top corners, 4. and a harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top. In the niche which has a plain frame around it, Buddha is depicted in bhumisparsha-mudra seated in vajra-prayankasana posture on a visvapadma (double petalled lotus). Image is badly damaged.

Votive Stupa No. 28

[(59 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain band in the centre, 2. a circular medhi, 3. anda with rounded top corners,4. and the lowest facet of the square harmika exists (Plate-C). Inside the niche which has a ogee-shaped frame decorated with halves of flowers, each within a triangular frame having a beaded line; robed in an antarvasa and uttarasanga which leaves his right chest, shoulder and arm bare, Buddha in bhumisparsha-mudra is seated in vajra-prayankasana posture on a visvapadma, below visvapadma are a kneeling female devotee with an incense burner in her hand and a bowl on stand with offerings. Around his head is an oval halo and above it are the branches of the Bodhi tree carved.

Votive Stupa No. 29

[(67 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain band in the centre, 2. a cylindrical medhi with a band at the base and the top, 3. a circular anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top. 5. and a chatravali with three gradually diminishing discs rest of the discs are broken. Inside the niche which has a plain arched frame, Buddha with a circular halo behind his head, is robed in an antaravasa and uttarasanga which leaves his right chest, shoulder and arm bare and is shown in bhumisparsha-mudra seated in vajra-prayankasana posture on a visvapadma. Below the visvapadma the leaves of the lotus flower are depicted. The rendering of the curls covering his head and ushnisha is stylized.

Votive Stupa No. 30

[(55 cm high)]

Same as Stupa No.21, in addition there is a circular halo behind the head.

Votive Stupa No. 31

[(70 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. the upper most moulding of the square vedhi is visible, rest of the part is underneath the soil, 2.medhi with double petalled lotus at the base, the middle part is decorated with intersecting wavy garlands made of beaded lines and beaded pendants issuing from kirti mukhas and two nolis flanked by facets at the top.3. a low anda, 4. tri-ratha harmika with two facets at the base and two facets and a band at the top. 5. and the lowest disc of the chatravali is extant. The front side of the platform is tri-ratha in plan. Above the central projection and carved against the medhi and portion of the anda is a nitch represented as a temple, the sloping roof of which is crowned with a chaitya-window motif with a kirti-mukha in the centre. Inside the niche Buddha is seated in vajra-paryankasana posture with his right palm in bhumisparsha-mudra, resting on his right knee and left palm is resting on the lap. He is clad in an antarvasa and an uttarasanga which leaves his right chest, shoulder and arm bare. Below his seat is a kneeling devotee with folded hands. The stupa is badly wornd off.

Votive Stupa No. 32

[(67 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a central broad band, 2. medhi with a band and a facet at the base and two nolis flanked by facets at the top.3. and a low anda. Above the central projection and carved against the medhi is the representation of a temple, its sloping roof crowned by a chaitya window motif. Inside the niche Buddha is seated in vajra-paryankasana posture on a slab with his right palm in bhumisparshamudra, resting on his right knee. He is clad in an antarvasa and an uttarasanga which leaves his right chest, shoulder and arm bare.

Votive Stupa No. 33

[(72 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a central oblong band, 2.medhi with a band and a facet at the base and two bands with recess inbetween at the top.3. a low anda, 4. and a square harmika with two facets at the base followed by a recess, two facets and a band at the top. Inside the niche which has an arched frame Buddha is seated in vajraparyankasana posture on a slab with his right palm in bhumisparsha-mudra, resting on his right knee. He is clad in an antarvasa and an uttarasanga which leaves his right chest, shoulder and arm bare. There is a circular halo behind his head.

[Images of Buddha in Varad-mudra]

Votive Stupa No. 34

[(73.7 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. vedhi carved into a khura, kumbha and an inverted khura with a central broad band, 2.medhi with two mouldings; one in turned and the other out turned and a facet at the base and two nolis flanked by facets at the top.3. a low anda, 4. A pancha-ratha harmika with two facets at the base and two facets and a band designed like triangles at the top. 5. and the lowest disc of the chatravali is extant (Plate-CI). The front side of the vedhi is tri-ratha in plan. Above the central projection and carved against the medhi is the representation of a temple, its sloping roof crowned by a chaitya window motif with a lotus in the centre. Inside the niche Buddha (Ratnasambhava?) seated in vajra-paryankasana posture on a double petalled lotus with his right palm in varad-mudra, resting on his right knee and left palm with a bowl on it resting on the lap. He is clad in an antarvasa and an uttarasanga which leaves his right chest, shoulder and arm bare.

Votive Stupa No. 35

[(78 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. vedhi carved into a khura, and an inverted khura with a central band, 2. medhi with a band at the base and the top, 3. a circular anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top (Plate-CII). Inside the niche with arched frame around Buddha (Ratnasambhava?) seated in vajra-paryankasana posture on a double petalled lotus below which is foliated lotus stem; with his right palm in varad-mudra, resting on his right knee and the left palm has a bowl resting on the lap. He is clad in an antarvasa and an uttarasanga which leaves his right chest, shoulder and arm bare. This is an incomplete stupa; chisel marks are clearly visible on the stupa.

[Buddha in Dhyana-mudr ]

Votive Stupa No. 36

[(74 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain thin band at the centre, 2. a circular medhi with a band at the base and a band at the top, 3. a high anda with rounded top corners, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and two facets and a band at the top (Plate-CIII). The arched frame around the niche is embellished with halves of flowers within the curves of triple wavy line. Within the niche Buddha (Amitabha?) seated in the prayankasana attitude on a double petalled lotus, below which is foliated lotus stem and a bowl of offerings. His right palm is placed on his left palm in dhyana-mudra and over it rests a tiny bowl. On either side of his halo, is a floral motif. The image is defaced and the stupa is broken into two.

Votive Stupa No. 37

[(57 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a band at the centre, 2. a cylindrical medhi, 3. a plain anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, 5. and a chatravali of two gradually receding discs. Inside the niche with a semicircular top within a beaded designed frame Buddha in dhyana-mudra is seated in vajra-prayankasana posture on a visvapadma (double petalled lotus) clad in an antaravasa and an uttarsanga which leaves his right chest, shoulder and arm bare. Behind the head is a circular halo.

Votive Stupa No. 38

[(67.5 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi devoid of any moulding, 2. a circular medhi, 3. an elongated hemispherical anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, 5. and a chatravali with two diminishing discs capped by a knob shaped crowning member. Inside the arched frame Buddha clothed in an antaravasa and an uttarasanga, leaving his right chest, shoulder and arm bare is seated in the vajra-prayankasana attitude against a plain back-rest he is in dhyana-mudra. The stupa is badly weathered.

Votive Stupa No. 39

[(68 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a band at the centre, 2. a cylindrical medhi, 3. a plain anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top (Plate CIV). Inside the niche with a semicircular top frame, Buddha in dhyana-mudra is seated in vajra-prayankasana posture on a visvapadma clad in an antaravasa and an uttarsanga which leaves his right chest, shoulder and arm bare. Behind the head is an elliptical halo, on which a bodhi tree is depicted.

Votive Stupa No. 40

[(100 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. a high medhi with abroad band at the base and a band and a facet at the top, 2. a high shouldered anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base (Plate CV). Inside the niche is an unfinished image of Buddha seated in dhyana-mudra. Above the lintel of the niche which is separated by a recess, on relief three adjoining stupas are depicted.

[Buddha in Abhaya-mudra]

Votive Stupa No. 41

[(73 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi (base) carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain band in the centre, 2. a cylindrical plain medhi, 3. a plain anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top (Plate-CVI). Inside the niche which has a plain arched frame, Buddha robed in an antarvasa and uttarasanga which leaves his right chest, shoulder and arm bare is seated in vajra-prayankasana posture. His right hand is in abhaya-mudra and the left palm is resting on the lap. Around his head is a circular halo. Below the seat are an incense burner and a bowl of offering.

[Buddha in Dharmachakra-mudra]

Votive Stupa No. 42

[(62 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi devoid of any moulding, 2. a plain medhi, 3. a high anda with rounded top corners, 4. and the harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top. There is a square socket at the centre of the harmika for holding the shaft of the missing chatravali (Plate-CVII). The frame around the oblong niche has a semi-circular arch. Within the niche, Buddha (?) seated in the prayankasana attitude on a double petalled lotus in dharmachakra-mudra posture. On the soles of his feet are lotus marks. Clad in an antarvasa and adorn with valayas, beaded armlets, bracelets, a beaded hara, ear studs, a beaded upavita and a high jata-mukuta.

Votive Stupa No. 43

[(57 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with an oblong at the centre, 2. a plain high medhi, 3. a high anda with rounded top corners, 4. and the lowest facet of the square harmika is extant (Plate-CVIII). The frame around the oblong niche has a semi circular arch. Within the niche, Buddha (?) seated in the prayankasana attitude on a double petalled lotus in dharmachakra-mudra posture. On the soles of his feet are lotus marks. Clad in an antarvasa and adorn with valayas, beaded armlets, bracelets, a beaded hara, ear studs, a beaded upavita and a high jata-mukuta.

Votive Stupa No. 44

[(67 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with an oblong at the centre, 2. a medhi with a band at the base and the top, 3. a high anda with rounded top corners, 4. and the lowest facet of the harmika is extant. The frame around the oblong niche has a semi circular arch. Within the niche, Buddha (?) seated in the prayankasana attitude on a double petalled lotus in dharmachakra-mudra posture. Clad in an antarvasa and adorn with valayas, beaded armlets, bracelets, a beaded hara, ear studs, a beaded upavita and a high jata-mukuta. Behind his head is an oval halo.

[Stupas bearing images of Buddha in different postures]

Votive Stupa No. 45

[(26 cm high)]

The miniature monolithic stupa consists of 1. a circular vedhi carved in the form of double petalled lotus, 2. a circular medhi with a thin band at the base, 3. a conical anda, 4. and a two tiered square harmika at regular intervals (Plate-CIX). On all the four sides images of Buddha in different mudras are carved on relief. Starting with Buddha in bhumisparsha-mudra, than in varadmudra, followed by in dhyana-mudra and the last image in abhaya-mudra all are seated in vajraprayankasana posture on double petalled lotus. Clad in an antarvasa and an uttarsanga which leaves their right chest, shoulder and arm bare. The ushnisha is stylized.

[Image of Bodhisattva]

Votive Stupa No. 46

[(42.5 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a cylindrical medhi, 2.a plain anda with rounded top corners, 3. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a band at the top, 5. a broken chatravali (Plate-CX). Inside the oblong niche, with a plain arched frame around it, Bodhisattva is seated in lalitasana with his right hand in varad-mudra and the left hand resting on the seat, holding a stalk of some flower. Clad in an antariya and is adorn with valayas, beaded armlets, a hara, ear studs and a high crown. God has a smiling face.

[Stupas bearing the images of Avalokitesvara]

Votive Stupa No. 47

[(120 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1. vedhi carved into a khura, kumbha, pata and a inverted khura with three vertical projected mouldings at the centre; the central moulding is divided into three mouldings, 2. a medhi with two mouldings; one in turned and the other out turned and a facet at the base and two nolis flanked by facets at the top, 3. A circular anda, 4. A tri-ratha harmika with two facets at the base and two facets and a band at the top. 5. and the lowest disc of the chatravali is extant (Plate-CXI). The front side of the platform is in tri-ratha. Above the central projection and carved against the medhi and portion of the anda is a niche represented as a temple, the sloping roof of which is crowned with a chaitya-window motif with a kirti-mukha at the centre. Inside the niche, draped in an antariya and adorned with valayas, armlets, beaded upavita, bracelets, a hara, earrings and a crown at the base of the high jata-mukuta the image of Lokesvara is depicted in lalitasana on a double petalled lotus pedestal with his right pendent leg resting on another lotus. His right hand is in abhaya-mudra and his left hand resting on the platform holds the stalk of a full blown lotus.

Votive Stupa No. 48

[(74 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. an elongated square vedhi devoid of any mouldings, 2. a circular medhi, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, a socket for the shaft of the missing chatravali is present (Plate CXII). With the niche which has an oblong semicircular arched plain frame draped in an antariya and adorned with valayas, armlets, beaded upavita, bracelets, a hara, earrings and a high jata-mukuta with fanshaped projections of the ribbon. Lokesvara is depicted in lalitasana on a double petalled lotus with his right leg resting on a second lotus. His right hand is in varad-mudra and with his left hand he is holding a stalk of full blown lotus. Inside the niche on the two corners of the circular halo halves of full blown flowers are depicted. Image has a smiling face.

Votive Stupa No. 49

[(56 cm high)]

Stupa consists of a 1. square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with an central oblong, 2. a circular medhi with a band at the base and the top, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, a socket for the shaft of the missing chatravali is present. With the niche which has an oblong semicircular arched plain frame draped in an antariya and adorned with valayas, armlets, beaded upavita, bracelets, a hara, earrings and a short crown at the base of the high jata-mukuta Lokesvara is depicted in lalitasana on a double petalled lotus with his right leg resting on a lotus. His right hand is in varad-mudra and with his left hand he is holding a stalk of full blown lotus.

Votive Stupa No. 50

[(67 cm high)]

The stupa is same as Stupa No.49 except that the harmika is absent and behind his head is an elliptical halo.

Votive Stupa No. 51

[(61 cm high)]

The stupa consists of same mouldings as Stupa No.49; in addition there is a intact chatravali with three gradual discs. Within the niche which has an oblong semicircular arched plain frame; Lokesvara is depicted in lalitasana on a double petalled lotus with his right leg resting on the second lotus. His right hand is in varad-mudra and with his left hand he is holding a stalk of full blown lotus. Draped in an antariya and adorned with valayas, armlets, beaded upavita, bracelets, a hara, earrings and the high jata-mukuta is bordered on either side by a fan-shaped projection.

Votive Stupa No. 52

[(29 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a plain square vedhi, 2. and a circular medhi. Rest of the part is absent. The image is shown in same attire, ornaments and attribute as Stupa No. 51. The image is defaced. Below the seat there is kneeling devotee with folded hand and the right leg of the deity is resting on the foliage of a lotus stem.

Votive Stupa No. 53

[(74 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. vedhi carved into a khura, pata and a inverted khura with a central broad band, 2. a plain circular medhi, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, 5. and a chatravali with a stunted shaft. The image is shown in same attire, ornaments and attribute as in Stupa No. 51. God has a charming face.

Votive Stupa No. 54

[(88 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. an square vedhi (base) carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain thin band in the centre, 2. a medhi with a band and a facet at the base and two nolis flanked by facet at the top, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, 5. and an elaborate chatravali of seven gradually receding tiers (Plate-CXIII). With the niche which has a triangular projection on the top of the frame. Lokesvara is depicted in lalitasana on a double petalled lotus with his right leg resting on a smaller lotus. His right hand is in varad-mudra and with his left hand he is holding a stalk of full blown lotus. Draped in an antariya and adorned with valayas, armlets, beaded upavita, bracelets, a hara, earrings and a high crown. Image has a smiling face.

Votive Stupa No. 55

[(58 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central broad band, 2. a plain circular medhi, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a band at the top, 5. and a chatravali like three gradually diminishing tiers. With the niche which has a semicircular arched frame embellished with halves of flower within triangular lines Lokesvara is depicted in lalitasana on a double petalled lotus with his right leg resting on the second lotus. His right hand is in varad-mudra and with his left hand he is holding a stalk of full blown lotus, draped in an antariya and he is adorned with valayas, armlets, beaded upavita, bracelets, a hara, earrings and a high jata-mukuta.

Votive Stupa No. 56

[(40 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central broad band, 2. and a circular medhi with double petalled lotus capped by a beaded line at the base and a band at the top. The raised border around the niche is embellished with halves of flowers within the triangles; Lokesvara is depicted in same attribute, ornaments and clothing as in Stupa No.55. The image is defaced.

Votive Stupa No. 57

[(42 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a plain square vedhi, 2. a circular medhi, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and the lowest facet of the square harmika is extant. Inside the oblong niche Lokesvara is depicted in same attribute, ornaments and clothing as in Stupa No.56.

Votive Stupa No. 58

[(58.5 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central thin band, 2. a circular medhi, 3. a hemispherical anda, a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top. 5. and a chatravali of three gradually diminishing discs. Inside the oblong niche Lokesvara is depicted in same attribute, ornaments and attire as Stupa No.56.

Votive Stupa No. 59

[(49 cm high)]

Stupa consists of a 1. square vedhi, 2. a plain circular medhi, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and a broken base of a square harmika is present. With the niche which has an oblong thin semicircular arched plain frame; Lokesvara is depicted in same attribute, ornaments and attire as Stupa No.56.

Votive Stupa No. 60

[(50 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a plain square vedhi, 2. a circular medhi, 3. a hemispherical anda, a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top. 5. and a chatravali of three gradually diminishing discs (rest broken). Inside the oblong niche Lokesvara is depicted in lalitasana on a double petalled lotus with his right leg resting on the second lotus. His right hand is in varad-mudra and with his left hand he is holding a stalk of full blown lotus.

Votive Stupa No. 61

[(60 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. an square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain broad band in the centre, 2. a medhi with a band and a facet at the base and two nolis flanked by facet at the top, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top. With the niche which has an oblong semicircular arched plain frame.

Lokesvara is depicted in lalitasana on a double petalled lotus with his right leg resting on a smaller lotus. His right hand is in varad-mudra and with his left hand he is holding a stalk of full blown lotus. Draped in an antariya and adorned with valayas, armlets, beaded upavita, bracelets, a hara and earrings. The image is defaced.

Votive Stupa No. 62

[(48 cm high)]

Stupa consists of a 1.square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with an central oblong, 2. a plain circular medhi, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and a broken base of a square harmika is present. With the niche which has an oblong thin semicircular arched plain frame. The image is same as in Stupa No.61.

Votive Stupa No. 63

[(68.5 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. an square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain band in the centre, 2. a medhi with a band at the base and a band at the top, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top. With the niche which has an oblong semicircular arched plain frame. Lokesvara is depicted same as in Stupa No.61.

Votive Stupa No. 64

[(66 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. an square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain broad band in the centre, 2. a medhi with a band at the base and a band at the top, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. And the lowest two facets of the square harmika are extant. With the niche which has an oblong semicircular arched plain frame; Lokesvara with a high crown on his head and an oval halo around it, is depicted in lalitasana on a double petalled lotus with his right leg resting on a smaller lotus. His right hand is in varad-mudra and with his left hand he is holding a stalk of full blown lotus. Draped in an antariya he is adorned with valayas, armlets, beaded upavita, bracelets, a hara and earrings.

Votive Stupa No. 65

[(67 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. an square vedhi (base) carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain broad band in the centre, 2. a medhi with a band and a facet at the base and two nolis flanked by facet at the top, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and a tri-ratha harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top. With the niche which has an oblong semicircular arched plain frame. Lokesvara is depicted same as in Stupa No.61 and the image has a smiling face.

Votive Stupa No. 66

[(55 cm high)]

Stupa consists of a 1. square vedhi, 2. a plain circular medhi, 3. and a broken anda. With the niche which has an oblong thin semicircular arched plain frame. Lokesvara is depicted same as in Stupa No.61

Votive Stupa No. 67

[(60 cm high)]

The stupa is same as Stupa No.66.

Votive Stupa No. 68

[(61.5 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central broad band, 2. a plain circular medhi, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base (rest broken). With the niche which has an oblong semicircular arched plain frame Lokesvara is depicted in lalitasana on a double petalled lotus with his right leg resting on the second lotus. His right hand is in varad-mudra and with his left hand he is holding a stalk of full blown lotus. Draped in an antariya and adorned with valayas, armlets, beaded upavita, bracelets, a hara, earrings and a short crown at the base of the high jata-mukuta is bordered on either side by a fan-shaped projection.

Votive Stupa No. 69

[(62 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a circular medhi with a band at the base and a band at the top, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top (Plate-CXIV). With the niche which has an oblong semicircular arched plain frame Lokesvara is depicted in lalitasana on a double petalled lotus with his right leg resting on the second lotus. His right hand is in varadmudra and with his left hand he is holding a stalk of full blown lotus. Draped in an antariya and adorned with valayas, armlets, beaded upavita, bracelets, a hara, earrings and a short crown at the base of the high jata-mukuta is bordered on either side by a fan-shaped projection.

Votive Stupa No. 70

[(63.5 cm high)]

The stupa is same as Stupa No. 69 except for the medhi portion which is devoid of any band on it.

Votive Stupa No. 71

[(57.5 cm high)]

This unfinished sculpture on the stupa is a very good example to observe how a sculptor used to be carved on the stone. Below the waist portion the image is not carved. One reason might be that rock used might not be good enough to be carved^[1] or as Ratnagiri was an atelier so the patron of the particular stupa at some stage might have withdrawn/cancelled his order, resulting in this unfinished image.

Stupa consists of 1. vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with an oblong at the centre, 2. a plain circular medhi, 3. a hemispherical anda. Inside the plain arched frame Avalokitesvara (?) is seated. Beaded upavita, a hara, earrings and a short crown at the base of the high jata-mukuta can be seen (Plate CXV).

Votive Stupa No. 72

[(59 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi, 2. a plain circular medhi, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, 5. chatravali with two receding discs (rest is broken). With the niche which has an oblong semicircular arched plain frame Lokesvara is depicted in lalitasana on a double petalled lotus with his right leg resting on the second lotus. His right hand is in varad-mudra and with his left hand he is holding a stalk of full blown lotus. Draped in an antariya and adorned with valayas, armlets, beaded upavita, bracelets, a hara, earrings and a crown.

Votive Stupa No. 73

[(84 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. an square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with two triangles joining at the centre, 2. a medhi with a band and a facet at the base and two nolis flanked by facet at the top, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and a tri-ratha harmika with a facet at the base and two facets and a band at the top. With the niche which has an oblong semicircular arched plain frame. Lokesvara is depicted in lalitasana on a double petalled lotus with his right leg resting on a smaller lotus. His right hand is in varad-mudra and with his left hand he is holding a stalk of full blown lotus. Draped in an antariya and adorned with valayas, armlets, beaded upavita, bracelets, a hara, earrings and the high jata-mukuta is bordered on either side by a fan-shaped projection. Image has a smiling face. Below the seat is a kneeling devotee.

Votive Stupa No. 74 (67cm high)

Stupa consists of 1. an square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain broad band in the centre, 2. a medhi with a band and a facet at the base and two nolis flanked by facet at the top, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and a tri-ratha harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top. With the niche which has an oblong semicircular arched plain frame. Lokesvara is depicted in lalitasana on a double petalled lotus with his right leg resting on a smaller lotus. His right hand is in varad-mudra and with his left hand he is holding a stalk of full blown lotus. Draped in an antariya and adorned with valayas, armlets, beaded upavita, bracelets, a hara, earrings and a short crown at the base of the high jata-mukuta. Image has a smiling face.

Votive Stupa No. 75

[(63 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain broad band in the centre, 2. a cylindrical medhi with a band at the base and the top, 3. a plain anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a band at the top. Inside the niche with semicircular top Lokesvara is depicted in lalitasana on a double petalled lotus with his right leg resting on the second lotus. His right hand is in varad-mudra and with his left hand he is holding a stalk of full blown lotus. Draped in an antariya and adorned with valayas, armlets, beaded upavita, bracelets, a hara, earrings and a short crown at the base of the high jata-mukuta. Behind his head is a circular halo.

Votive Stupa No. 76

[(65 cm high)]

Same as Stupa No.74 except for the halo is absent behind the image’s head.

Votive Stupa No. 77

(37 cm high)

Stupa consists of 1. an square vedhi, 2. and a circular medhi rest of the part is broken. With the niche which has an oblong semicircular arched plain frame. Lokesvara is depicted in lalitasana on a double petalled lotus with his right leg resting on a smaller lotus. His right hand is in varadmudra and with his left hand he is holding a stalk of a full blown lotus. Draped in an antariya and adorned with valayas, armlets, beaded upavita, bracelets, a hara, earrings and the high jata-mukuta is bordered on either side by a fan-shaped projection. Image has a smiling face. Below the seat is a kneeling devotee.

[Images bearing four-armed Avalokitesvara]

Votive Stupa No. 78

[(76 cm high)]

Stupa consists of a 1. pancha-ratha vedhi, 2. a circular medhi with a band at the base and the top, 3. an elongated hemispherical anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top (Plate-CXVI). With the niche which has an oblong thin semicircular arched plain frame, Jatamukuta Lokesvara is depicted in lalitasana on a double petalled lotus with his right leg resting on a lotus. Draped in a short antariya held by a plain girdle and a folded uttariya worn in an upaviti fashion and adorned with valayas, armlets, bracelets, a hara, earrings and a short crown at the base of the high jata-mukuta, his lower right arm is in varad-mudra placed on his knee and the upper right arm is holding a rosary and the lower left arm with a stalk of a full blown lotus rests on the seat and the upper left arm holds a pot.

Votive Stupa No. 79

[(74 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. vedhi with khura and inverted khura with a central broad band, 2. a circular medhi with a band, relieved with double petalled lotus succeeded by a beaded line at the base and the second band decorated with a row of thunderbolts within beaded borders, at the top, 3. a high anda with rounded top corners, 4. and a square harmika broken at the corner with a facet at the base and two facets and a band at the top (Plate-CXVII). The frame around the oblong niche has a semicircular top and is carved with halves of flowers within a double wavy line and with its inner top corners curved. Inside the niche Lokesvara is depicted with same attributes, ornaments and attire as in Stupa No.78. Around his head is an oval halo. Below the double petalled lotus are an incense burner, a lamp and two bowls of offerings.

Votive Stupa No. 80

[(73 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a central broad band and below the double petalled lotus incense burner, a lamp and a bowl of offering is placed. Rest of the architecture and attributes are same as Stupa No.78.

Votive Stupa No. 81

[(69 cm high)]

Stupa consists of a 1. a plain square vedhi, 2. a circular medhi with a band at the base and the top, 3. a globular anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top. Within the niche which has a semicircular arched frame decorated with wavy lines and halves of flower; jata-mukuta Lokesvara is depicted in lalitasana on a double petalled lotus with his right leg resting on a lotus. Draped in a short antariya held by a plain girdle and a folded uttariya worn in an upaviti fashion and adorned with valayas, armlets, bracelets, a hara, earrings and a short crown at the base of the high jata-mukuta, his lower right arm is in varad-mudra placed on his knee and the upper right arm holding a rosary and the lower left arm with a stalk of a full blown lotus rests on the seat and the upper left arm holding a pot. The image is defaced.

Votive Stupa No. 82

[(62 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. A vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a central band, 2. a circular medhi, 3. anda with rounded top corners, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top. Inside the niche which has an oblong semicircular arched plain frame, Jatamukuta Lokesvara is depicted seated in lalitasana on a double petalled lotus with his right leg resting on a lotus. Draped in a short antariya held by a plain girdle and a folded uttariya worn in an upaviti fashion and adorned with valayas, armlets, bracelets, a hara, earrings and a short crown at the base of the high jata-mukuta, his lower right arm is in varadmudra placed on his knee and the upper right arm holding a rosary and the lower left arm with a stalk of a full blown lotus rests on the seat and the upper left arm holds a pot.

[Stupas bearing the image of Shadakshari Lokesvara]

Votive Stupa No. 83

[(84 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a vedhi carved into a khura, pata and an inverted khura mouldings connected by a band at the centre, 2. a medhi with a band and a facet at the base and two nolis flanked by facet at the top. 3. a plain anda, 4. and a pancha-rathaharmika with a facet at the base and two facets and a band at the top (Plate-CXVIII). Inside the niche within the arched framed slightly pointed at the centre Shadakshari Lokesvara is draped in antariya held by a plain girdle and a folded uttariya worn in an upaviti fashion and he is adorned with valayas, armlets, bracelets, a hara, earrings and a high crown seated in vajra-paryankasana attitude on a double petalled lotus. His principle hands are joined on the chest in anjali-mudra, while the upper right hand holds a ros,ary and with the left hand holds a stalk of a full blown lotus. Below the double petalled lotus a kneeling devotee with folded hands, an incense burner and a stand with offerings, which is in the shape of a heap.

Votive Stupa No. 84

[(65 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura mouldings connected by a band at the centre, 2. a medhi with a band and a facet at the base and two nolis flanked by facet at the top. 3. a plain anda, 4. and the lowest facet of the harmika is extant. Inside the niche within the arched framed slightly pointed at the centre Shadakshari Lokesvara is draped in antariya held by a plain girdle and a folded uttariya worn in an upaviti fashion and he is adorned with valayas, armlets, bracelets, a hara, earrings and a high crown seated in vajra-paryankasana attitude on a double petalled lotus. His principle hands are joined on the chest in anjali-mudra, while the upper right hand holds a rosary and with the left hand holds a stalk of a full blown lotus. The stupa is badly worn off.

Votive Stupa No. 85

[(61 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a tri-ratha vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura mouldings connected by a band at the centre, 2. a medhi with a band at the base and a band at the top. 3. and a plain anda. Inside the niche within the arched framed Shadakshari Lokesvara is draped in antariya held by a plain girdle and a folded uttariya worn in an upaviti fashion and he is adorned with valayas, armlets, bracelets, a hara, earrings and a high crown seated in vajraparyankasana attitude on a double petalled lotus. His principle hands are broken, while the upper right hand holds a rosary and with the left hand holds a stalk of a full blown lotus. Below the double petalled lotus a kneeling devotee with folded hands, an incense burner and a stand with offerings, which is in the shape of a heap.

[Stupas bearing the image of Vajradharma Lokesvara]

Votive Stupa No. 86

[(40 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura mouldings connected by a band at the centre, 2. and a medhi with a band at the base and a band at the top, rest of the part is broken (Plate-CXIX). The frame around the oblong niche is carved with halves of flowers within triangles and beaded line within the triangle. Vajradharma is draped in antariya held by a girdle and he is adorned with valayas, armlets, bracelets, a hara, earrings and a short crown around the jata-mukuta seated in paryankasana attitude on a double petalled lotus. He is holding the stalk of a full blown lotus with his left hand and opening the petals with the right hand (the lotus flower in the hand is broken). Below the double petalled lotus are a kneeling devotee with folded hands, foliage of a lotus stem and a stand with offerings is in a shape of a heap. Behind the head is an elliptical halo and on the either side of the halo halves of a full blown flower are depicted.

Votive Stupa No. 87

[(63 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain broad band in the centre, 2. a plain high medhi, 3.anda with rounded top corners, 4. and a harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top. There is a square socket at the centre of the harmika for holding the shaft of the missing chatravali. Top (right hand side, while facing it) corner of the harmika is broken. The frame around the oblong niche has a semi circular curve in the central part on the top. Inside the niche Vajradharma Lokesvara is seated on a double petalled lotus draped in a short antariya held by a plain girdle and a folded uttariya worn in an upaviti fashion and adorned with valayas, armlets, bracelets, a hara, earrings and a high conical mukuta. With his right palm he is opening the petals of a lotus, the stalk of which is held by his left palm. Behind his head is an oval halo. The image is defaced.

[Stupas bearing the images of Manjusri]

Votive Stupa No. 88 (61cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central broad band, 2. a circular medhi with a band at the base and the top, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base (rest broken) (Plate-CXX). With the niche which has a semicircular arched frame embellished with halves of flower within triangular lines Manjusri is depicted in lalitasana on a double petalled lotus with his right leg resting on the second lotus. His right hand is in varad-mudra and with his left hand he is holding a stalk of utpala bearing a book placed on the seat. Draped in an antariya and adorned with valayas, armlets, beaded upavita, bracelets, a hara, earrings and a short crown around his three locks of hair. Behind the head is a circular halo

Votive Stupa No. 89

[(69 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a tri-ratha vedhi with three mouldings: khura and inverted khura connected by a central band, 2. a plain medhi, 3. a cylindrical anda with rounded top corners, 4. and a square harmika is extant. Inside the oblong niche is Manjusri seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with his pendant right foot resting on another lotus. Manjusri is shown with three locks of hair and a small crown around it, his right hand is in varad-mudra resting on his leg and his left arm with a stalk of an utpala (lily flower) bearing a book placed on the seat. Clad in an antariya held by a plain girdle, antariya and decked with anklets, necklace, valayas, beaded upavita and ear-studs.

Votive Stupa No. 90

[(72 cm high)]

Stupa consists of a 1. vedhi with a khura and an inverted khura with a broad band at the centre, 2. a highly decorated circular medhi, beginning with the base carved as a double petalled lotus followed by a circular beaded design, the central part is decorated with dangling jewels like a hara with pendant followed by thunder bolts within beaded design, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top decorated with halves of flower within triangular lines. Inside the niche with a semicircular top within a plain frame clad in an antariya held by a plain girdle and decked with anklets, necklace, beaded armlet and ear studs Manjusri is seated in lalitasana posture on a visvapadma with his right foot resting on another lotus. He is depicted with a small crown on his head; his right hand is resting on his right leg and his left arm with a stalk of an utpala. Behind the head is an elliptical halo.

Votive Stupa No. 91

[(62 cm high)]

The stupa is same as Stupa No. 89.

Votive Stupa No. 92

[(56 cm high)]

Stupa consists of a 1. plain square vedhi, 2. a cylindrical plain medhi, 3. and a plain anda, with rounded top corners, rest of the stupa is broken. Inside the niche which has a plain semicircular frame around it, Manjusri is depicted in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with his pendant right foot resting on the second lotus. Manjusri is shown with three locks of hair and a small crown around it, his right hand is in varad-mudra resting on his leg that is broken and his left arm is with a stalk of an utpala (lily flower) bearing a book on it. Clad in an antariya held by a plain girdle and decked with anklets, necklace, valayas, beaded upavita and ear-studs.

Votive Stupa No. 93

[(64 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a tri-ratha vedhi with three mouldings: khura, kumbha and inverted khura, 2. a plain medhi, 3. a high cylindrical anda with rounded top corners, 4. and the lowest two facets of the square harmika is extant (Plate-CXXI). The oblong niche is crowned by a domical roof. The jambs of the niche are carved with halves of flowers within triangular borders. Inside the niche is Manjusri seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with his pendant right foot resting on another lotus. Manjusri is shown with three locks of hair and a small crown around it, his right hand is in varad-mudra resting on his leg and his left arm with a stalk of an utpala (lily flower) with a book placed above it. Clad in an antariya held by a plain girdle, antariya and decked with anklets, necklace, valayas, beaded upavita and ear-studs. Below the lotus seat two bowls of offerings could be seen. There is a circular halo behind his head.

Votive Stupa No. 94

[(67 cm high)]

The stupa is same as stupa No. 92.

Votive Stupa No. 95

[(42 cm high)]

Stupa consists of a 1. a tall square vedhi, 2. and a cylindrical plain medhi (rest of the stupa is broken). Inside the niche which has a plain oblong frame around it, Manjusri is depicted in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with his pendant right foot resting on the second lotus. He is shown with three locks of hair and a small crown around it, his right hand is in varad-mudra resting on his leg and his left arm with a stalk of an utpala (lily flower) bearing a book above it. Clad in an antariya held by a plain girdle and decked with anklets, necklace, valayas, beaded upavita and ear-studs.

Votive Stupa No. 96

[(40.5 cm high)]

Stupa consists of a 1. square vedhi, 2. and a cylindrical plain medhi (rest of the parts of the stupa are broken). Inside the niche, which has a frame embellished with halves of flowers within triangular lines around it, Manjusri is depicted seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with his pendant right foot resting on the second lotus. He is shown with three locks of hair and a small crown around it, his right hand is in varad-mudra resting on his leg and his left arm with a stalk of an utpala (lily flower) and a book placed on it. Clad in an antariya held by a plain girdle and decked with anklets, necklace, valayas, beaded upavita and ear-studs. Behind the head is an elliptical halo.

Votive Stupa No. 97

[(45 cm high)]

Stupa consists of a 1.vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a central oblong, 2. and a cylindrical plain medhi (rest of the parts of the stupa are broken) Inside the niche which has a plain frame around it, Manjusri is depicted in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with his pendant right foot resting on the second lotus. Manjusri is shown with three locks of hair and a small crown around it, his right hand is in varad-mudra resting on his leg and his left arm with a stalk of an utpala (lily flower). Clad in an antariya held by a plain girdle and decked with anklets, necklace, valayas, beaded upavita and ear-studs.

Votive Stupa No. 98

[(46.5 cm high)]

Same as Stupa No. 97.

Votive Stupa No. 99

[(42 cm high)]

Same as Stupa No.97, except that here there is a circular halo behind the head of Manjushri.

Votive Stupa No. 100

[(55 cm high)]

Stupa consists of a 1.vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a central oblong, 2. a cylindrical plain medhi, 3. and a plain anda, with rounded top corners, rest is broken. Inside the niche which has a plain frame around it, Manjusri is depicted in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with his pendant right foot resting on the second lotus. Manjusri is shown with three locks of hair and a small crown around it, his right hand is in varad-mudra resting on his leg and his left arm with a stalk of an utpala (lily flower) bearing a book on it. Clad in an antariya held by a plain girdle, the pleats of the antariya is falling on the double petalled lotus and decked with anklets, necklace, valayas, beaded upavita and ear-studs.

Votive Stupa No. 101

[(57.2 cm high)]

According to Debla Mitra’s ‘Ratnagiri’ (Vol-I, p-110) during excavation this stupa was found empty and the image (14 cm high) fixed by them, was found broken into two pieces

Stupa consists of a 1. a plain square vedhi, 2. a plain medhi, 3. high anda, with rounded top corners, 4. and the lowest facet of the square harmika is extant (rest broken) (Plate-CXXII). Inside the niche which has a plain frame around it, Manjusri is depicted in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with his pendant right foot resting on lotus. Manjusri is shown with three locks of hair and a small crown around it, his right hand is in varad-mudra resting on his leg and his left arm with a stalk of an utpala (lily flower) bearing a book, placed on the seat. Clad in an antariya held by a plain girdle, the pleats of the antariya is falling on the double petalled lotus and is decked with anklets, necklace, valayas, beaded upavita and ear-studs. His hair has been arranged in sikhandakakakapaksha coiffure.

Votive Stupa No. 102

[(49 cm high)]

Same as Stupa No. 101 except for the image has been carved inside the niche.

Votive Stupa No. 103

(47 cm high)

Same as Stupa No. 101 except for the image has been carved inside the niche.

Votive Stupa No. 104

[(61 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. a high vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura connected with a band at the centre, 2. a medhi with a band at the base and two nolis flanked within facets at the top, 3. a shouldered anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a band at the top. Harmika is broken from the centre. Inside the plain framed niche with a semicircular top Manjusri is seated in lalitasana posture on a visvapadma with his right foot resting on another lotus. Manjusri is clad in an antariya held by a plain girdle and is decked with anklets, necklace, beaded armlet, ear studs and a small crown around his head; his right hand is resting on his right leg and with his left arm holding a stalk of an utpala.

Votive Stupa No. 105

[(76 cm high)]

Stupa consists of a 1. vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a central oblong, 2. a cylindrical medhi with a band at the base and the top,3. plain anda, with rounded top corners, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top. Inside the niche which has a plain semicircular frame around it, Manjusri is depicted with his usual attributes, ornaments and clothing. Behind the head is an elliptical halo.

Votive Stupa No. 106

[(69 cm high)]

Stupa consists of a 1. vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a central oblong, 2. a circularl plain medhi, 3. a plain anda with rounded top corners, 4. and the square harmika with a facet at its base and a facet and a broad band at the top. There is a socket for the shaft of the missing chatravali. Inside a niche with a plain semicircular topped frame, seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus pedestal with his right pendant foot resting on another lotus Manjusri is shown with his hair made into three locks with a small crown around it, his right hand is in varad-mudra resting on his right thigh and his left arm rests on the pedestal holding the stalk of an utpala (lily flower) with a book placed on it. Clad in an antariya held by a plain girdle, the pleats of the antariya is shown spread and falling from on the double petalled lotus and decked with anklets, necklace, valayas, beaded upavita and ear-studs. Below the lotus seat are two bowls of offerings supported on tripods.

Votive Stupa No. 107

[(75 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with an oblong at the centre, 2. a plain circular medhi, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top. Broken shaft of the chatra is extant. Inside a projected arched niche with a pointed crown Manjusri, clad in an antariya held by a plain girdle and decked with anklets, necklace, beaded armlet and ear studs is seated in lalitasana posture on a visvapadma with his right foot resting on another lotus. He is depicted with a small crown around his head; his right hand is resting on his right leg and his left arm with a stalk of an utpala on which a book is placed.

Votive Stupa No. 108

[(37 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with an oblong at the centre, 2. and a plain circular medhi rest of the part is broken. Inside a projected arched niche with a pointed crown Manjusri is depicted with his usual attributes, ornaments and attire.

Votive Stupa No. 109

[(65 cm high)]

Stupa consists of a 1. vedhi with a khura and an inverted khura and a band at the centre, 2. a circular medhi carved with double petalled lotus at the base and a band at the top, 3. and a hemispherical anda. Inside the niche with a semicircular top within a plain frame Manjusri is seated in lalitasana posture on a visvapadma with his right foot resting on another lotus. He is depicted with a small crown around his head; his right hand is resting on his right leg and his left arm with a stalk of an utpala. Clad in an antariya held by a plain girdle and decked with anklets, necklace, beaded armlet and ear studs. The face is chopped off.

Votive Stupa No. 110

[(74 cm high)]

Stupa consists of a 1. vedhi with a khura and an inverted khura and a band at the centre, 2. a plain circular medhi, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet and a band at the base upper part is broken. Inside the niche with a semicircular top within a plain frame Manjusri is seated in his usual posture, decked with ornaments. God has a smiling face.

Votive Stupa No. 111

[(48 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi, 2. a plain circular medhi, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, 5. and a chatravali in the form of a semi circular capping. Inside the niche with a semi circular arched frame around it Manjusri is depicted same as in Stupa No.110.

Votive Stupa No. 112

[(59 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi, 2. a plain circular medhi, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, 5. and a chatravali with two diminishing discs. Inside the niche with a semi circular arched frame around it Manjusri is depicted same as in Stupa No.110.

Votive Stupa No. 113

[(55 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain band in the centre, 2. a cylindrical medhi with a band at the base and the top, 3. a plain anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a band at the top. Inside the niche with semicircular top Manjusri with three locks of hair is depicted same as in Stupa No.110.

Votive Stupa No. 114

[(59 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central broad band, 2. a plain circular medhi, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, 5. and a chatravali like a semi circular capping. Manjusri is depicted same as in Stupa No.110.

[Stupas bearing the images of Manjuvara]

Votive Stupa No. 115

[(70.5 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1. square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a connecting central oblong, 2. a plain medhi, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top (Plate-CXXIII). Inside the niche with a semicircular top frame with beaded design crowned by a floral motif on the top, Manjuvara clothed in an antariya and bejewelled with anklets, valayas, beaded armlets a hara with pendants, an upavita and ear studs is seated in pralambpadmasana posture on a visvapadma with his feet resting on another lotus, with his arms in dharmachakrapravartana-mudra. On the left side of the image a stalk of an utpala with a book on it is depicted. Around his three locks of hair a short crown is tied.

Below the visvapadma are a kneeling devotee with folded hands and the other object is not clear.

Votive Stupa No. 116

[(52 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1. square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a connecting central oblong, 2. a medhi with band at its base and the top, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and a square harmika of which only the lowest facet is standing (Plate-CXXIV). Inside the niche with a semicircular top within a plain frame, Manjuvara is seated in pralambpadmasana posture on a visvapadma with his feet resting on another lotus, with his arms in dharmachakra-pravartana mudra. On the left side of the image a stalk of an utpala with a book on it and on the right side a stalk of a full blown lotus is depicted. Behind the head is an oval halo. Below the visvapadma are a kneeling devotee with folded hands and a bowl of offering. Manjuvara is clothed in an antariya and bejewelled with anklets, valayas, beaded armlets a hara with pendant, an upavita and ear studs. Around his three locks of hair a short crown is tied.

Votive Stupa No. 117

[(69 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1. square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a connecting central oblong, 2. a plain medhi, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top. Inside the niche with a semicircular top frame, Manjuvara is depicted same as in Stupa No.116.

Votive Stupa No. 118

[(68 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain band in the centre, 2. a cylindrical plain medhi, 3. a plain anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top (Plate-CXXV). Inside the ogee-shaped niche within a plain frame Manjuvara dressed in an antariya held by a girdle, is decked with valayas, armlets, a hara and ear studs is seated in paryankasana posture on a double petalled lotus with his hands in dharmachakrapravartana-mudra. Passing over his left arm is the stalk of an utpala on which the book is placed. Below his seat is a kneeling devotee, an incense burner, a bowl of offering on a footed stand. Around his head is an elongated halo. On the top corners of the niche halves of flowers are depicted.

Votive Stupa No. 119

[(67 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a pancha-ratha vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura, 2. a cylindrical plain medhi, 3. a plain anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top (Plate-CXXVI). Inside the niche with a semicircular arched frame Manjuvara dressed in an antariya held by a girdle, decked in valayas, armlets, a hara and ear studs is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with his hands in dharmachakrapravartana-mudra.

Passing over his left arm is the stalk of an utpala on which the book is placed. Around his head is a circular halo.

[Stupa bearing the image of Manjughosha]

Votive Stupa No. 120

Stupa consists of a 1. square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a central oblong, 2. a highly decorated circular medhi, beginning with the base carved as a double petalled lotus followed by a circular beaded design, the central part is decorated with dangling jewels like a hara with pendant followed by thunder bolts within beaded design, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and a broken base of a square harmika is present (Plate-CXXVII). Manjughosha inside the niche with a frame decorated with halves of flowers within a double wavy line is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with his right leg resting on the stem of a lotus. His right hand is in varadmudra and with his left hand he is holding a stalk of lily. Draped in an antariya and adorned with valayas, armlets, beaded upavita, bracelets, a hara, earrings and something like a turban around his head. Behind his head is a circular halo. Image is defaced.

[Stupas bearing the images of Arapachana (?)]

Votive Stupa No. 121

[(66 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi with the front portion in tri-ratha pattern, 2. a medhi with a band at the base and two nolis flanked by facets at the top, 3. a stunted shouldered anda, 4. and a square harmika of which the lowest facet is extant (Plate-CXL). Inside the niche within a plain frame with a semicircular top is Arapachana (?) seated in vajra-paryankasana attitude on a double petalled lotus. In his left hand which is close to his chest, holds a book, while the raised right hand holds sword aloft behind the head. He wears an antariya, valayas, armlets, a hara with a pendant, ear ornaments and a high conical crown.

Votive Stupa No. 122

[(57 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1. a square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain band in the centre, 2. a plain medhi, 3. a circular anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top (Plate-CXLI). Inside the niche around which is a plain arched frame Arapachana (?) decked in valayas, necklace of pendants, beaded armlet and kundala in the right ear and ear studs in the left ear and a high conical crown is seated in vajraparyankasana posture on a double petalled lotus. Draped in an antariya and a folded uttariya, worn in an upavita fashion, in his left hand he carries a book held against the chest and in the right hand a sword raised above the head.

Votive Stupa No. 123

[(60 cm high)]

The stupa is same as Stupa No.146.

[Stupas bearing the images of Maitreya]

Votive Stupa No. 124 (69.8cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a low square vedhi, 2. a cylindrical medhi with a band at the base and the top, 3. a plain anda with curved top corners, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, 5. and a chatravali of two discs and a crown shaped member (Plate-CXXVIII). Inside an arched frame around the niche with a triangular projection at the crown; Maitreya is seated in lalitasana posture on a visvapadma with his bent right arm in vyakhyana-mudra. His left arm with the twig of the naga-kesara plant rests on the seat. On his right hand side is the stalk of a lotus like flower, draped in an antariya held by a girdle, adorned with anklets, two bangles around each wrist, and armlets with a central piece, a hara and a high crown with projections of a fillet on either side of the head. Bodhisattava has a smiling face.

Votive Stupa No. 125

[(74 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a plain high square vedhi, 2. a cylindrical medhi with an in-turned and a out-turned band at the base and two nolis at the top, 3. a plain anda with curved top corners, 4. and a tri-ratha harmika with a facet at the base and two facet and a broad band and triangles carved on the projections at the top (Plate-CXXIX). The frame is in the shape of a pavilion, the crowning member of the frame is similar to the top sikhara portion of a temple i.e. beki, amla and kalasha (khapuri a capping on amla is missing here) the vertical sides of the frame is carved with beaded lines; inside Maitreya is seated in lalitasana posture on a visvapadma with his bent right palm displayed in vyakhyana-mudra. His left arm with the twig of the naga-kesara plant rests on the seat. The stalk is crowned by four drooping petals above which a pot is placed. On his right hand side similar kind of stalk is depicted but with two petals, draped in an antariya held by a girdle, adorned with anklets, two bangles around each wrist, and armlets with a central piece, a hara and a high crown with projections of a fillet on either side of the head. Bodhisattava has a smiling face.

Votive Stupa No. 126

[(64 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a low square vedhi, 2. a cylindrical medhi with a band at the base and the top, 3. elongated anda with curved top corners, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a broad band at the top which is tri-ratha in shape and is tapering on the top. Inside an oblong niche devoid of any frame around it, Maitreya, draped in an antariya held by a girdle, is adorned with anklets, two bangles around each wrist and a high crown with projections of a fillet on either side of the head is seated in lalitasana on a visvapadma with his bent right arm having palm displayed in vyakhyana-mudra. His left arm with the twig of the naga-kesara plant rests on the seat. Bodhisattava has a smiling face. The image is of poor workmanship.

[Stupas bearing the images of Vajrasattava]

Votive Stupa No. 127

[(70 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a pancha-ratha vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura, 2.

the medhi has a band at the base and the top, 3. a high anda with rounded top corners, 4. and the harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top (Plate-CXXX). There is a square socket at the centre of the harmika for holding the shaft of the missing chatravali. The frame around the oblong niche has a semi-circular top and is carved with halve of flowers within a double wavy line. Within the niche, clad in an antariya and adorned with valyas, beaded armlets, a hara, ear studs and a high jatamukuta with fan shaped projection of a ribbon on either sides, Vajrasattava is seated in padmasana on a visvapadma. With his left palm holding a vajraghanta resting on his thigh and with his right hand holding a thunderbolt against his chest. Behind his head is an elongated oval halo and below the lotus seat, an incense burner and a bowl of offerings are depicted.

Votive Stupa No. 128

[(68 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain broad band in the centre, 2. a plain high medhi, 3. anda with rounded top corners, 4. and a harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top. There is a square socket at the centre of the harmika for holding the shaft of the missing chatravali. Top (right hand side, while facing it) corner of the harmika is broken. The frame around the oblong niche has a semi circular curve in the central part of the top. Within the niche, Vajrasattava is seated same as in Stupa No.124. Left hand side of the face is chopped off.

Votive Stupa No. 129

[(69 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1. square vedhi (base) carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain broad band at the centre, 2. a medhi with the band at the base and the top, 3. a high anda with rounded top corners, 4. and the harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top (Plate-CXXXI). There is a square socket in the centre of the harmika for holding the shaft of the missing chatravali. The frame around the oblong niche has a semi circular top and is carved with halve of flowers within a double wavy line and chaitya window motif. The top corners inside the niche are decorated with halves of flowers. Within the niche, Vajrasattava is seated in padmasana on visvapadma, clad in an antariya and a adorn with valayas, beaded armlets, a hara, ear studs and a high crown with fan shaped projection of a ribbon on either sides. With his left palm holding a vajraghanta resting on his thigh and with his right hand he is holding a thunderbolt against his chest. Behind his head is a circular halo.

Votive Stupa No. 130

[(70 cm high)]

The stupa is same as Stupa No. 126, except that there is an semi-circular arched frame around the niche.

Votive Stupa No. 131

[(64 cm high)]

The stupa is same as Stupa No. 127. The face and the thunderbolt in the right hand are chopped off.

Votive Stupa No. 132

[(64 cm high)]

The stupa is same as Stupa No. 127 except for the medhi portion is devoid of any band.

Votive Stupa No. 133

[(64.5 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain broad band in the centre, 2. the medhi with the band at the base and the top, 3. a high anda with rounded top corners, 4. the harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, 5. and a conical chatravali of two diminishing discs. The frame around the oblong niche has a semi circular top and is carved with halve of flowers within a double wavy line. Within the niche, seated in padmasana over a visvapadma, Vajrasattava is depicted clad in an antariya and is adorned with valayas, beaded armlets, a hara, ear studs and a high crown with fan shaped projections made by the fluttering ribbon on either sides. With his left palm he is holding a vajraghanta that is resting on his thigh and his right hand holds a thunderbolt against his chest. Behind his head is a circular halo and below the lotus seat, is a kneeling devotee with folded hands, an incense burner and a bowl of offerings are depicted.

Votive Stupa No. 134

[(61.5 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain band in the centre, 2. a plain medhi, 3. a high anda with rounded top corners, 4. the harmika with a facet at the base (rest broken). The frame around the oblong niche has a semi circular top within the niche, Vajrasattava with a oval halo behind his head is seated in padmasana on a visvapadma, below it the foliage of the lotus stem is carved; clad in an antariya and is adorned with valayas, beaded armlets, a hara, ear studs and a high crown. With his left palm he is holding a vajraghanta that is resting on his thigh and his right hand holds a thunderbolt against his chest.

Votive Stupa No. 135

[(60 cm high)]

The stupa is same as Stupa No.131.

Votive Stupa No. 136

[(68 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a tri-ratha vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain band in the centre, 2. the medhi with the band at the base and the top, 3. a high anda with rounded top corners, 4. and the harmika with two facets at the base, rest of the part is broken. Inside an oblong niche with a semicircular arched frame around it, Vajrasattava is depicted seated in padmasana over a visvapadma, clad in an antariya and is adorned with valayas, beaded armlets, a hara, ear studs and a high crown with fan shaped projection of a ribbon on either sides. With his left palm he holds a vajraghanta that rests on his thigh and with his right hand he is holding a thunderbolt against his chest. Behind his head is an elongated oval halo. Image is defaced.

Votive Stupa No. 137

[(69.5 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain broad band in the centre, 2. the medhi with the band at the base and the top, 3. a high anda with rounded top corners, 4. and the harmika with two facets at the base, rest of the part is broken (Plate-CXXXII). Inside an oblong niche with a frame around it carved with a row of beads and is crowned with an ornate chaitya window motif of good workmanship, vajrasattava is seated in padmasana over a visvapadma, clad in an antariya and is adorned with valayas, beaded armlets, a hara, ear studs and a high crown with fan shaped projection of a ribbon on either sides. With his left palm holding a vajraghanta resting on his thigh and with his right hand holding a thunderbolt against his chest. Behind his head is an elongated oval halo, on either side of which is a garlandbearing vidyadhara. Below the lotus seat, an incense burner and a bowl of offerings are depicted.

Votive Stupa No. 138

[(63 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a plain square vedhi, 2. the medhi with the band at the base and the top, 3. and a high anda with rounded top corners (Plate-CXXXIII). The frame around the oblong niche has a semi circular top. Within the niche, Vajrasattava is depicte seated in padmasana over a visvapadma, clad in an antariya and adorn with valayas, beaded armlets, a hara, ear studs and a high crown. With his left palm he is holding the vajraghanta that is resting on his thigh and with his right hand he holds a thunderbolt against his chest.

[Stupas bearing the images of Vajrapani]

Votive Stupa No. 139

[(47 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square platform with three mouldings: khura, pata and inverted khura connected by a central band from all the four sides, 2. a medhi with a band at the base and the top, 3. a high cylindrical anda with rounded top corners, which is partially broken, 4. and the lowest facet of the square harmika is extant (Plate-CXXXIV). Inside an oblong niche with a frame around it is carved a row of four petalled flowers, which is crowned with an ornate chaitya window motif of good workmanship. Vajrapani is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with his right palm in varad-mudra and the left holds the stalk of a lily flower supporting a thunderbolt. Clad in an antariya and a folded uttariya worn in an upaviti fashion and decked with anklets, beaded valayas, ornate armlets, a beaded upavita, hara earrings and a high crown with a fan-shaped projection of the ribbon on either side.

Votive Stupa No. 140

[(60 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. a short square vedhi, 2. a plain medhi, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a facet and a band at the top, 5. and a chatravali of two gradually receding discs capped by a small pear-shaped crowning member. Inside the niche with a semicircular top, Vajrapani is depicted seated in lalitasana on a double petalled lotus with his right hand in varad-mudra resting on his knee and the left holding a stalk of an utpala supporting a thunderbolt. Draped in a antariya held by a plain girdle and a folded uttariya worn in an upaviti fashion and adorned with valayas, armlets, bracelets, a hara, earrings and a short crown.

Votive Stupa No. 141

[(73 cm high)]

Stupa consists of a 1. vedhi with a khura and an inverted khura with a broad band at the centre, 2. a medhi with a band relieved with a double petalled lotus at the base and a plain band at the top, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, 5. and a chatravali of five gradually receding discs (Plate-CXXXV). Inside the niche with a semicircular top within a plain frame clad in an antariya held by a plain girdle and decked with anklets, necklace, beaded armlet and ear studs, Vajrapani is shown seated in lalitasana on a double petalled lotus with is right hand in varad-mudra resting on his knee and left holding a stalk of an utpala supporting a thunderbolt. Draped in an antariya held by a plain girdle and a folded uttariya worn in an upaviti fashion he is adorned with valayas, armlets, bracelets, a hara, earrings and a short crown. Below the lotus seat is a kneeling devotee and a bowl of offering.

[Stupas bearing the images of Jambal]

Votive Stupa No. 142

[(63 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. a plain square vedhi, 2. a plain circular medhi, 3. a hemispherical anda. 4. and a square base of the broken harmika (Plate-CXXXVI). Inside the niche with a semicircular top within a plain frame Jambhala is seated in lalitasana posture. He is depicted with a small crown around his head; his right palm with a citron resting on the knee and with his left arm he presses a mongoose disgorging jewels. He is clad in an antariya held by a plain girdle and is decked with anklets, necklace, beaded armlet and kundala in the right ear and ear studs in the left ear. Below the seat three nidhi-kumbhas are placed.

Votive Stupa No. 143

[(70 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain broad band in the centre, 2. a plain circular medhi, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a band at the top. Inside the niche with a semicircular top within a plain frame Jambhala is seated in lalitasana posture below the seat five nidhi-khumbhas are placed. Jambhala is depicted with a small crown around his head, his right palm with a citron resting on the knee and with his left arm he presses a mongoose pouring out jewels. He is clad in an antariya held by a plain girdle and is decked with anklets, necklace, beaded armlet and kundala in the right ear and ear studs in the left ear.

Votive Stupa No. 144

[(73 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central oblong, 2. a plain circular medhi, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and the top (Plate-CXXXVII). Inside the niche with a semicircular top within a plain frame Jambhala is seated in lalitasana posture on a visvapadma. Jambhala is depicted with a crown around his head; his right palm with a citron resting on the knee and with his left arm he presses a mongoose disgorging jewels. Clad in an antariya held by a plain girdle and decked with anklets, necklace, beaded armlet and kundala in the right ear and ear studs in the left ear. Below the lotus seat five nidhi-kumbhas are placed and his right leg is resting on one of the nidhi-kumbhas. There is an elongated oval halo behind his head.

[Stupas bearing the images of Heruka]

Votive Stupa No. 145

[(101 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a vedhi carved into a khura, khumba and an inverted khura connected by a vertical band at the centre, 2. a medhi with two mouldings: one in turned and the other out turned and a facet at the base and two nolis flanked by facet at the top, 3. a plain anda, 4. and a tri-ratha harmika with a facet at the base and two facets and a band at the top, 5. a base of broken chatravali is extant (Plate-CXXXVIII). Within an arched niche Heruka dancing in the ardhaparyanka posture on a corpse which is lying on the double petalled lotus. With a ferocious facial expression, bulging eyes and fangs visible, he carries a skull cap in his left hand placed near the chest and a thunderbolt in his raised right hand. Placed aslant against his left shoulder is a long staff like khatvanga with a banner at the top. Hair is tied like a bun and a short crown around it. Clad in a lower garment, adorned in valayas, armlets, a hara, earrings and a long garland of skulls. Two kneeling devotees with folded hands are depicted below the double petalled lotus in a separate niche.

Votive Stupa No. 146

[(81 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura mouldings connected by a vertical band at the centre, 2. a medhi with a band at the base and two nolis flanked by facets at the top, 3. a plain anda, 4. and a pancha-ratha harmika with a facet at the base and two facets and a band at the top. Within a plain square niche headed by a chaitya window motif, Heruka is dancing in the ardha-paryanka posture on a corpse. With a ferocious facial expression with bulging eyes and fangs visible, he carries a skull cap in his left hand placed near the chest and a thunderbolt in his raised right hand. Placed aslant against his left shoulder is a long staff like khatvanga with a banner at the top. Hair is pulled up and tied like a bun on top of the head and a short crown exists around it. He is clad in a lower garment and is adorned with valayas, armlets, a hara, earrings and a long garland of skulls.

Votive Stupa No. 147

[(112 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura mouldings connected by a vertical band at the centre; below is a square platform exists which might have been buryed underneath the soil, 2. a medhi with a band and a facet at the base and two nolis flanked by facets at the top, 3. a plain anda, 4. a tri-ratha harmika with a facet at the base and two facets and a band and small triangular projections at the top, 5. and a conical chatravali which is broken from the top (Plate-CXXXIX) . Within a plain square niche headed by a triangular arched frame, Heruka is depicted same as in Stupa No.143.

[Stupa bearing the image of Chandaroshana]

Votive Stupa No. 148

[(55 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. a plain short square vedhi, 2. a circular medhi with a band at the base and a band at the top, 3. a high anda, 4. and a tri-ratha harmika, of which only the lowest facet is extant (Plate-CXLII). Inside an ogee-shaped niche within a plain frame pointed at the crown is Chandaroshana with his left leg bent (knee and the toe touching the double petalled lotus) and the bent right leg raised (feet placed on the double petalled lotus). The squint eyed Bodhisattava carries a sword in his raised right arm and a noose in his left hand placed near the chest. Clad in a short antariya, a dangling uttariya, bangles, a hara, ear studs and a high conical crown with fan shaped projections of ribbons on either side. There is a full blown lotus on the left hand side top corner of the niche.

[Stupas bearing the images of Tara]

Votive Stupa No. 149

[(70.5 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a medhi with band at its base and the top, 3. an hemispherical anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at its base and a facet and a band at the top (broken in the front side). Inside the niche which has an arched frame around it is devoid of any decoration. Tara (Plate-CXLIV) is seated in lalitasana on a double petalled lotus with her right leg resting on a smaller lotus. Goddess is beautifully carved. The body is tilting slightly on the left hand side; decked in hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles. With right arm in varadmudra and with the left arm holding a stalk of an utpala, rests on the seat, clothed in a sati held by a girdle. The bun shaped coiffure is tied on the left hand side of the head and around it is a short crown. Below the visvapadma is a kneeling devotee and a bowl of offering. Behind the head is a circular halo. A half of a full blown flower is carved on the top right hand side (of the goddess) corner of the niche.

Votive Stupa No. 150

[(47 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central broad band, 2. a plain medhi, 3. an elongated hemispherical anda, 4. and a square facet of the harmika rest of the part is broken. Inside the niche Tara is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with her right leg resting on a smaller lotus. With right arm in varad-mudra and with the left arm holding a stalk of an utpala, rests on the seat, clothed in a sati held by a girdle decked in hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles. The bun shaped coiffure is tied on the top of the head and around it is a short crown.

Votive Stupa No. 151

[(54 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1. tri-ratha vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a plain medhi, 3. an circular anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, 5. a chatravali with two gradual discs (broken). Inside the niche Tara clothed in a sati held by a girdle, decked with hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right ear, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus. With right arm in varad-mudra and with the left arm holding a stalk of an utpala, rests on the seat. There is a short crown and bun-shaped coiffure on the top of the head.

Votive Stupa No. 152

[(46.5 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1. Square vedhi, 2. a plain medhi, 3. an circular anda, 4. and the lowest facet of the square harmika exists. Inside the niche with a semicircular arched frame; Tara is depicted same as in Stupa No. 151.

Votive Stupa No. 153

[(62.5 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1. vedhi with khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a medhi with a band at the base and the top, 3. an hemispherical anda, 4. and the lowest facet of the square harmika is present. Inside the niche with an arched frame Tara is depicted same as in Stupa No. 151.

Votive Stupa No. 154

[(58 cm high)]

The stupa is same as Stupa No. 152

Votive Stupa No. 155

[(65 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a tri-rathavedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura, 2. a plain medhi, 3. an circular anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, 5. And a chatravali with three gradual discs. Inside the niche with a semi circular frame around it; Tara is dressed in a sati held by a girdle, decked in hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right ear, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with the right leg pendant resting on the second lotus. With right arm in varad-mudra and with the left arm holding a stalk of an utpala, rests on the seat. There is a short crown and bun-shaped coiffure on the top of the head.

Votive Stupa No. 156

[(51.5 cm high)]

The stupa is same as Stupa No. 152. The image is defaced.

Votive Stupa No. 157

[(40.2 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. and a plain medhi (rest of the part of the stupa is broken). Inside the square oblong niche Tara clothed in a sati held by a girdle, decked in hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right ear, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus. With right arm in varad-mudra and with the left arm holding a stalk of an utpala, rests on the seat. There is a short crown and a bun-shaped coiffure on the top of the head. Image is defaced. Below the seat are a kneeling devotee with folded hands and a bowl of offering.

Votive Stupa No. 158

[(55 cm high)]

The stupa is same as Stupa No. 152. Except that the goddess has a smiling face.

Votive Stupa No. 159

[(70 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi, 2. a circular medhi, 3. anda with rounded top corners, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a band at the top, 5. anda chatravali with three gradual discs. Inside the niche Tara is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus clothed in a sati held by a girdle, decked in hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right ear, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles. With right arm in varad-mudra and with the left arm holding a stalk of an utpala, rests on the seat. There is a short crown and a bun-shaped coiffure on the top of the head.

Votive Stupa No. 160

[(68.5 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a medhi with band at its base and the top, 3. an hemispherical anda, 4. and the lowest facet of the square harmika is extant. The frame around the oblong niche has a semicircular top, Tara decked in hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with her right leg resting on another smaller lotus. With right arm in varad-mudra and with the left arm holding a stalk of an utpala, rests on the seat, clothed in a sati held by a girdle. Behind her head is a circular halo. Below the seat is a kneeling devotee with folded hands.

Votive Stupa No. 161

[(79.5 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a broad central band, 2. a medhi with double petalled lotus capped by a beaded line at the base and a band with row of thunderbolts within borders having beaded lines at the top, the middle part is decorated with intersecting wavy garlands made of beaded lines and beaded pendants issuing from kirti mukhas, 3. an hemispherical anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band decorated with halves of flowers within wavy lines at the top (Plate-CXLV). Inside the niche within a frame designed with halves of flowers within wavy lines, Tara clothed in a sati held by a girdle, decked in hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right ear, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with her right leg resting on the foliage of the lotus stem. With right arm in varad-mudra and with the left arm holding a stalk of an utpala, rests on the seat. There is a short crown and bun-shaped coiffure on the top of the head. There is an elliptical halo behind the head. Below the seat are a kneeling devotee, bowl of offering on a stand and a lamp.

Votive Stupa No. 162

[(63 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi, 2. a plain medhi, 3. an elongated anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, 5. and a chatravali with three gradually diminishing discs. The plain frame around the oblong niche has a semicircular top. Tara clothed in a sati held by a girdle she is decked with hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right ear, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles. She is seated in lalitasana on a double petalled lotus with her right leg resting on the second lotus. With right arm in varad-mudra and with the left arm holding a stalk of an utpala, rests on the seat. There is a short crown and bun-shaped coiffure on the top of the head.

Votive Stupa No. 163

[(32 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi, 2. a plain medhi (rest of the part of the stupa is broken). Inside the oblong niche Tara is depicted in the same manner as in Stupa No. 162.

Votive Stupa No. 164

[(60 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a plain medhi, 3. and a cylindrical anda. The plain frame around the oblong niche has a semicircular top. Tara is depicted with her usual attribute. Behind the head is an elliptical halo.

Votive Stupa No. 165

[(47 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a medhi with a band at the base and the top (rest of the part of the stupa is broken). Inside the oblong niche Tara is depicted in her usual attire and attribute. Behind the head is a circular halo.

Votive Stupa No. 166

[(57.5 cm high)]

This is one more example of unfinished workmanship like Stupa No. 71 of Avalokitesvara. The stupa and the Goddess both are unfinished. The space below the double petalled lotus is not carved, the attribute of the left hand is not carved and the jewels and the attire are also not carved.

Stupa consists of 1. a plain square vedhi, 2. a plain medhi, 3. a cylindrical anda with curved top corners, 4. and a square broken harmika with a facet at the base.

Votive Stupa No. 167

[(64 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a band in the centre, 2. a short cylindrical medhi, 3. a globular anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, 5. and two discs of the chatravali are extant. The plain frame around the oblong niche has a semicircular top. Tara clothed in a sati held by a girdle, decked in hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right ear, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with her right leg resting on the second lotus. With right arm in varad-mudra and with the left arm holding a stalk of an utpala, rests on the seat. There is a short crown and a bun-shaped coiffure on the top of the head. Behind the head is an oval halo.

Votive Stupa No. 168

[(66.5 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a medhi with a band at its base and the top, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and the lowest two facets of the square harmika are extant. The frame around the oblong niche has a semicircular top Tara is decked with hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus. With right arm in varadmudra and with the left arm holds the stalk of an utpala which rests on the seat and is draped in a sati held by a girdle.

Votive Stupa No. 169

[(75.5 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi with its sides carved into a khura and an inverted khura with two triangular bands joining at the centre, 2. medhi with a band at the base and two nolis flanked by facets at the top, 3. a plain anda, 4. a tri-ratha harmika with two facets at its base and a facet and a member with the sloping top surface at the top, 5. and a chatravali with two diminishing discs are extant. Inside the niche with an arched frame, pointed at the crown, Tara is decked with hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles. She is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with her right leg resting on a smaller lotus. With her right arm in varad-mudra and the left holding a stalk of an utpala, rests on the seat, dressed in a sati held by a girdle.

Votive Stupa No. 170

[(70 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1. vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a central band, 2. a medhi with band at its base and top, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at its base, and a band at the top (broken). The frame around the oblong niche has a semicircular top and is carved with halves of flowers within a double wavy line. Tara is depicted same as in Stupa No. 169.

Votive Stupa No. 171

[(68.5 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1. tri-ratha vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a broad central band, 2. a medhi with band at its base and the top, 3. an elongated hemispherical anda, 4. a square harmika of which the facet is extant. Inside the niche with an arched frame, pointed at the crown Tara is depicted same as in Stupa No. 169. Behind her head is a circular halo.

Votive Stupa No. 172

[(74 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1. vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a medhi with a band at its base and the top, 3. an elongated hemispherical anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at its base and a facet and a band at the top, it is partially broken. The frame around the oblong niche has a semicircular top Tara is depicted same as in Stupa No. 169.

Votive Stupa No. 173

[(71.5 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a tri-ratha vedhi with its sides carved into a khura, kumbha and an inverted khura connected by a leaf at the centre, 2. a medhi with a band at the base and the top, 3. and a plain anda. Tara seated in lalitasana posture inside the niche which has a two faceted oblong frame with a chaitya window motif above it. Tara clothed in a sati held by a girdle, decked in hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right ear, a banded upavita, armlets and bangles, is seated on a double petalled lotus with her right leg resting on a smaller lotus, with right arm in varad-mudra and left arm holding a stalk of an utpala, rests on the seat. The bun shaped coiffure is tied on the top of the head and around it is a short crown. Below the visva padma there are a female kneeling down with folded hands and bowl of offering.

Votive Stupa No. 174 (72.5cm)

The stupa consists of 1. vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a medhi with band at its base and the top, 3. an hemispherical anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at its base and a facet and a band at the top. The frame around the oblong niche has a semicircular top Tara is depicted same as in Stupa No.173. Behind her head is an oval halo.

Votive Stupa No. 175

[(58.5 cm high)]

The panchayatana stupa bearing the image of Tara consists of 1. a vedhi with its sides carved into a khura and an inverted khura connected by a central oblong, 2. a medhi with four miniature stupas on all the four sides of the main stupa, 3. a plain anda (Plate-CXLVI). Tara in lalitasana posture seated on a double petalled lotus with her right leg resting on a smaller lotus, with right arm in varad-mudra and left arm holding a stalk of an utpala, rests on the seat, inside the niche which has a plain arched frame, clothed in a sati held by a girdle, decked in hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right ear, a banded upavita, armlets and bangles. The bun shaped coiffure is tied on the top of the head and around it is a short crown. Below the visvapadma there are bowls of offerings.

Votive Stupa No. 176

[(69.5 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi, 2. a cylindrical medhi, 3. a plain anda, 4. a square harmika, 5. And the lower two discs of the chatravali are extant. Inside the oblong niche with a semicircular top, Tara is depicted with her usual attributes.

Votive Stupa No. 177

[(54 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a plain medhi, 2. an elongated anda. 3. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a band at the top. The plain frame around the oblong niche has a semicircular top. Tara is depicted in her usual attribute. Below the seat is a kneeling devotee and a bowl of offering.

Votive Stupa No. 178

[(60 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi with its sides carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a thin central band, 2. medhi with a band at the base and two nolis flanked by facets at the top, 3. and a plain anda. The plain frame around the oblong niche has a semicircular top. Tara is depicted same as in Stupa No. 175.

Votive Stupa No. 179

[(65 cm high)]

The stupa is same as Stupa No.178.

Votive Stupa No. 180

[(63.5 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a medhi with a band at its base and on the top, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. a square harmika with the facet at its base, extant. The arched frame around the niche has a pointed crown (Plate-CXLVII). Inside the niche Tara is seated in lalitasana over a double petalled lotus with her right leg resting on a smaller lotus. She is decked in hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right, a beaded upavita, armlets, bangles, valayas and anklets. She has her right arm in varadmudra and the left arm holds a stalk of an utpala, resting on the seat, clothed in a sati held by a girdle, and a folded uttariya worn in an upaviti fashion. The bun shaped coiffure is tied on the top of the head and around it is a short crown with fan shaped ends of a ribbon. Below the visvapadma there is a kneeling female devotee with folded hands and a bowl with roundish objects on a tripod. There is a circular halo behind her head.

Votive Stupa No. 181

[(74 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a medhi with band at its base and top, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and a square harmika with the facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top. The arched frame around the niche has a pointed crown. Inside the niche Tara with her body slightly tilted towards left is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with her right leg resting on a smaller lotus. She is decked with hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right, a beaded upavita, armlets, bangles, valayas and anklets. Her right arm is in varad-mudra and with the left arm she is holding a stalk of an utpala, which rests on the seat, clothed in a sati held by a girdle, and a folded uttariya worn in an upaviti fashion. The bun shaped coiffure is tied on the top of the head and around it is a short crown. There is a circular halo behind her head.

Votive Stupa No. 182

[(78.5 cm high)]

The tri-ayatana stupa consists of 1. vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a medhi two miniature stupas on the either sides of the niche, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and a square harmika with the facet at its base extant. Inside the semi circular arched frame around the niche Tara is seated in lalitasana with her usual attributes. There is an elliptical halo behind her head. The image is defaced.

Votive Stupa No. 183

[(65 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1. vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a plain medhi, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and a square harmika with the facet at its base extant. Over the lintel is a chaitya window motif. The raised border around the niche is embellished with halves of flowers within the triangles Tara is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with her right leg resting on a smaller lotus. She is decked with hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right, a beaded upavita, armlets, bangles, valayas and anklets. With right arm in varad-mudra and with the left arm holding a stalk of an utpala rests on the seat, clothed in a sati held by a girdle, and a folded uttariya worn in an upaviti fashion. There is a short crown around the bun shaped coiffure tha is tied on the top of the head. There is a circular halo behind her head. Inside the niche on either side of the Goddess lamps are hanging from the top.

Votive Stupa No. 184

[(71 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a band in the centre, 2. a cylindrical medhi, 3. a plain anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, 5. And two discs of the chatravali are extant. The plain frame around the oblong niche has a semicircular top. Tara is depicted in her usual posture and attribute. Below the seat are a kneeling devotee and a bowl of offering.

Votive Stupa No. 185

[(73 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a medhi with band at its base and the top, 3. an hemispherical anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at its base and two facets and a band at the top (broken). Inside the niche with an arched frame; Tara is depicted with her usual posture and atributes. There is a circular halo behind her head.

Votive Stupa No. 186

[(83 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a tri-ratha vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura, 2. a medhi with a double petalled lotus capped by a beaded line at the base and a band with row of thunderbolts within borders having beaded lines at the top, 3. an hemispherical anda, 5. and the harmika with a facet at the base and two facets and a band decorated with halves of flowers within wavy lines at the top (Plate-CXLVIII). The frame around the oblong niche is carved with halves of flowers within a double wavy line followed by a chaitya window motif. Decked in hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right ear, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles Tara is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with her right leg resting on the second lotus. With her right arm in varad-mudra and with the left arm holding a stalk of an utpala resting on the seat, she is clad in a sati held by a girdle. The bun shaped coiffure is tied on the left hand side of the deity.

Votive Stupa No. 187

[(73.5 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a medhi with band at its base and top, 3. an elongated hemispherical anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at its base and a facet and a band at the top, 5. and a chatravali in the form of a circular disc. Inside the niche which has an arched frame around it, the chaitya window motif is unfinished. Tara decked in hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with her right leg resting on a smaller lotus. With right arm in varad-mudra and with the left arm holding a stalk of an utpala resting on the seat she is clothed in a sati held by a girdle. A short crown is tied around the bun shaped coiffure and there is a circular halo behind it. Below the visvapadma inside another niche is a kneeling devotee with folded hands.

Votive Stupa No. 188

[(71 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a vedhi with khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a medhi with a band at its base and another on the top, 3. an elongated hemispherical anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at its base and a facet and a band at the top. Inside the niche which has an arched frame around it is devoid of decorations. Tara is depicted same as in Stupa No. 187. Below the visvapadma there are two bowls of offerings.

Votive Stupa No. 189

[(80 cm high)]

The stupa is same as Stupa No.188.

Votive Stupa No. 190

[(79 cm high)]

The stupa bearing image of Tara consists of a 1. vedhi with its sides carved into a khura and an inverted khura connected by a central oblong, 2. a medhi with band at its base and top, 3. an elongated hemispherical anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at its base and a facet and a band at the top (Plate-CXLIX). Tara is dressed in a sati held by a girdle, decked in hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right ear, a banded upavita, armlets and bangles seated in lalitasana posture inside the niche which has an arched frame around it devoid of any decoration, seated on a double petalled lotus with her right leg resting on a smaller lotus, with right arm in varad-mudra and left arm holding a stalk of an utpala, rests on the seat. The bun shaped coiffure is tied on the top of the head and around it is a short crown. Below the visvapadma there are two bowls of offerings and a devotee kneeling with folded hands. A lamp is shown hanging from the top on the right hand side of the goddess.

Votive Stupa No. 191

[(69 cm high)]

Stupa consists of a 1. square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura and an inverted khura connected by a central oblong, 2. a plain medhi, 3. a plain anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base, the top portion is broken. Tara is seated in lalitasana posture inside an arched framed niche, which is decorated with beaded band on the sides and floral motif’s within it. Tara is depicted in her usual posture and attributes.

Votive Stupa No. 192

[(67 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1. square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a central band, 2. a medhi with a band at its base and another at the top, 3. an elongated hemispherical anda, 4. and a broken harmika, only the square facet at the base is intact. The frame around the oblong niche has a semicircular top and is carved with geometrical lines at the border and on the centre at the top there is a kalasham. Within the niche Tara is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus depicted with her regular attributes and jewels. The image is defaced.

Votive Stupa No. 193

[(63 cm high)]

The stupa bearing the image of Tara consists of a 1. a tri-ratha vedhi with its sides carved into a khura and an inverted khura connected by a central oblong, 2. a plain medhi, 3. a plain anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet at the top. Tara is depicted with her usual attributes and ornaments. Below the visvapadma there are bowls of offerings.

Votive Stupa No. 194

[(73 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a medhi with a band at its base and another at the top, 3. an elongated hemispherical anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at its base and a facet and a band at the top, 5. and a chatravali of three diminishing discs. The frame around the oblong niche has a semicircular top and is carved with halves of flowers within a double wavy line and on the top is carved with a half of a full blown lotus. Tara is depicted in her regular ornaments and attire.

Votive Stupa No. 195

[(75 cm high)]

The stupa is same as Stupa No. 193, except that the stupa and the image are incomplete. Behind her head is an elliptical halo and the eyes and lips are not carved.

Votive Stupa No. 196

[(66 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1. tri-ratha vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a central band, 2. a medhi with band at its base and top, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at its base, a moulding with a central band at the centre and a facet and a band at the top. The frame around the oblong niche has a semicircular top and is carved with halves of flowers within a double wavy line. Tara decked in hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles, is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with her right leg resting on the foliage of the lotus stem lotus. Her right arm is in varadmudra and the left is holding a stalk of an utpala, resting on the seat. She isclad in a sati held by a girdle.

Votive Stupa No. 197

[(64 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1. vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a medhi with double petalled lotus capped by a beaded line at the base and a band with row of thunderbolts within borders having beaded lines at the top, 3. and a elongated hemispherical anda, 4. harmika is missing. The frame around the oblong niche is carved with halves of flowers within a double wavy line followed by a chaitya window motif. Decked in hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right ear, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles Tara is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with her right leg resting on the second lotus. Her right arm is in varad-mudra and the left is holding a stalk of an utpala, resting on the seat. She is clad in a sati held by a girdle.

Votive Stupa No. 198

[(68 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1. vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central broad band, 2. a plain medhi, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a band at the top followed by a half broken disc of the chatravali. The plain frame around the oblong niche has a semicircular top. Tara is depicted in her usual posture and attributes. There is a circular halo behind her head. Image is defaced. This image is not engraved inside the niche; it has been carved on a separate slab and fixed inside.

Votive Stupa No. 199

[(65 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a plain medhi, 3. an elongated anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, 5. and a chatravali with three gradually diminishing discs. The plain frame around the oblong niche has a semicircular top. Tara is depicted same as in Stupa No.198.

Votive Stupa No. 200

[(58 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with an oblong at the centre, 2. a plain circular medhi, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and a facet of a broken square harmika exists. Inside the niche with an arched frame devoid of any decoration, Tara is depicted same as in Stupa No.198. Below the double petalled lotus there is a kneeling devotee with folded hands and behind her head there is a circular halo.

Votive Stupa No. 201

[(60 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. avedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with an oblong at the centre, 2. a circular medhi with a band and a facet at the base and a band with row of thunderbolts at the top, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and the lowest facet of a broken square harmika exists. Inside the niche with an arched frame devoid of any decoration Tara is depicted same as in Stupa No.198.

Votive Stupa No. 202 and 203

[(52 and 50 cm high)]

Some other structure has been built above these two monolithic stupas (Plate-CL), probably there wasn’t ample space left at the site for new offerings which lead to superimposition of stupas. The stupas consist of 1. a vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with an oblong at the centre, 2. a circular medhi, 3. and a hemispherical anda. Inside the niches with in a arched frame devoid of any decoration the Goddesses are depicted in with her regular ornaments and attributes.

Votive Stupa No. 204

[(69 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a medhi with double petalled lotus capped by a beaded line at the base and a band with row of thunderbolts within borders having beaded lines at the top, 3. an elongated anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top. Inside the niche within a frame designed with halves of flowers within wavy lines, Tara clothed in a sati held by a girdle is decked in hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right ear, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles and is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with her right leg resting on the second lotus. Her right arm is in varad-mudra and the left arm is holding the stalk of an utpala, resting on the seat. There is a short crown and a bun-shaped coiffure on the top of the head. There is an oval halo behind the head.

Votive Stupa No. 205

[(55 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with an oblong at the centre, 2. a circular medhi, 3. and a hemispherical anda. Inside the niche with an arched frame devoid of any decoration Tara is depicted same as in Stupa No. 204.

Votive Stupa No. 206

[(71 cm high)]

The stupa is same as Stupa No. 205, including a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, there is a socket at the centre of the harmika and an oval halo behind her head.

Votive Stupa No. 207

[(83 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a tri-ratha vedhi carved into a khura, pata and a inverted khura, 2. a cylindrical medhi with a band at the base and the top, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and two facets and a band at the top (Plate-CLI). Inside the niche bearing a roughly carved chaitya window motif frame, Tara decked in hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right ear, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with her right leg resting on a lotus. Her right arm is in varad-mudra and the left arm is holding the stalk of an utpala, resting on the seat and is clothed in a sati held by a girdle. Below her seat are an incense burner, a bowl of offering and a lamp. At the bottom of the frame on either side of the deity inside the niche kneeling devotees, a male and a female with folded hands are depicted. Behind her head is an oval halo.

Votive Stupa No. 208

[(83 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura, 2. a medhi with double petalled lotus capped by a beaded line at the base and a band with row of thunderbolts within borders having beaded lines at the top, the middle part is decorated with intersecting wavy garlands made of beaded lines and beaded pendants issuing from kirti-mukhas, 3. an hemispherical anda, 4. and a square harmika partially broken with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top. Inside the niche, with a frame around it designed with halves of flowers within wavy lines, Tara is shown in her usual posture and attributes. There is a circular halo behind the head.

Votive Stupa No. 209

[(69 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a plain medhi, 3. an circular anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top. Inside the niche with a plain arched frame, Tara is depicted with her regular attributes and jewels. There is an elliptical halo behind the head.

Votive Stupa No. 210

[(33 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a plain square vedhi, 2. a plain medhi, 3. an circular anda, 4. and the lowest facet of the square harmika is extant. Inside the niche with a plain arched frame Tara clothed in a sati held by a girdle, decked in hara, earrings, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus. With her right arm she displays varadmudra and in her left arm holds the stalk of an utpala and both rests on the seat. There is a short crown and a bun-shaped coiffure on the head.

Votive Stupa No. 211

[(41 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a plain medhi, 2. an circular anda, 3. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top. Inside the niche, with an arched frame decorated with beaded design, Tara is depicted in her usual sitting posture with attributes.

Votive Stupa No. 212

[(51 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1. vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a circular medhi with a band at the base and the top, 3. an circular anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, 5. and two receding discs of the chatravali exists. Inside the niche, with a arched frame decorated with beaded design which is crowned at the top, Tara clothed in a sati held by a girdle is decked with hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right ear, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles. She is seated in lalitasana on a double petalled lotus with her right leg resting on the second lotus. Her right arm displays varadmudra and the left is holding the stalk of an utpala which rests on the seat. Below the seat are an incense burner and a bowl of offering. There is a short crowne on the head and a circular halo behind it.

Votive Stupa No. 213

[(53 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a plain medhi, 3. a circular anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, 5. a chatravali with three gradual discs. Inside an arched niche, devoid of any frame around it, Tara is depicted same as in Stupa No.212.

Votive Stupa No. 214

[(56 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a plain medhi, 3. a circular anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top. Inside the niche with a plain arched frame, Tara is depicted with her usual attributes and ornaments. There is a circular halo behind the head.

Votive Stupa No. 215

[(65 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1. vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a plain medhi, 3. an circular anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top. Inside the niche with a plain arched frame, Tara clothed in a sati held by a girdle is decked in hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right ear, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles. She is seated in lalitasana posture on a seat with a plain back rest on a double petalled lotus with her right leg resting on the second lotus. Her right arm displays varad-mudra and the left holds a stalk of an utpala that rests on the seat. Below the seat are an incense burner and a bowl of offering. There is a short crown around the head.

Votive Stupa No. 216

[(66 cm high)]

The stupa is same as Stupa No.215 except that the back rest is absent behind the goddess.

Votive Stupa No. 217 (63 cm high

The stupa is same as Stupa No. 216.

Votive Stupa No. 218

[(70 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1. a square vedhi with its sides carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a thin central band, 2. medhi with a band at the base and two nolis flanked by facets at the top, 3. a plain anda, 4. a tri-ratha harmika with two facets at its base and a facet and a member with the sloping top surface at the top, 5. and a chatravali with two diminishing discs are extant (Plate-CLII). Inside the niche with an arched frame, pointed at the crown, Tara clothed in a sati held by a girdle is decked with hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right, a beaded upavita, armlets, bangles and a high crown. she is standing in abhanga posture on a double petalled lotus. Goddess has a smiling face, she is holding a stalk of utpala in her left arm and the right arm is in varad-mudra.

Votive Stupa No. 219

[(56 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1. vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a plain medhi, 3. an circular anda, 4. And the lowest facet of the square harmika is extant. Inside the niche with a semi circular arched frame, Tara, clothed in a sati held by a girdle is decked with hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right ear, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles. She is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus. Her right arm is in varad-mudra and the left arm is holding the stalk of an utpala that rests on the seat. There is a short crown and a bunshaped coiffure on the top of the head. Behind her head is an elliptical halo.

Votive Stupa No. 220

[(65 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a plain square vedhi, 2. a plain medhi, 3. a circular anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top. Inside the niche with an arched frame around it; Tara is depicted same as in Stupa No. 219, except for that the halo is absent behind the head.

Votive Stupa No. 221

[(61 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a plain square vedhi, 2. a plain medhi, 3. a circular anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, 5. and a chatravali with three gradual discs. Inside the niche with a semicircular arched frame around it; Tara is depicted in her regular jewels and attributes.

Votive Stupa No. 222

[(65 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1. vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a plain medhi, 3. a circular anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a band at the top, 5. and a chatravali with three gradual diminishing discs. Inside the niche with a semicircular arched frame around it; Tara clothed in a sati held by a girdle is decked with hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right ear, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with her right leg resting on another lotus. Her right arm is in varad-mudra and with the left arm holding a stalk of an utpala that rests on the seat. There is a short crown and a bun-shaped coiffure on the top of the head. Behind the head is a circular halo.

Votive Stupa No. 223

[(56 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1. vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a plain medhi, 3. a circular anda, 4. And the lowest facet of the square harmika is extant. Inside the niche with a semicircular arched frame around it; Tara is shown same as in Stupa No.222. Behind the head is a circular halo.

Votive Stupa No. 224

[(67 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1. vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a plain medhi, 3. a circular anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a band at the top. Inside the niche with a semicircular arched frame around it; Tara clothed in a sati held by a girdle is decked in hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right ear, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles. She is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with her right leg resting on another lotus. Her right arm displays varad-mudra and the left arm is holding a stalk of an utpala which is resting on the seat. There is a short crown and bun-shaped coiffure on the top of the head. Behind the head is an oval halo.

Votive Stupa No. 225

[(62 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1. vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a plain medhi, 3. a circular anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, 5. and a chatravali with a circular disc capped by a crowning member. Inside the niche with a semicircular arched frame around it; Tara clothed in a sati held by a girdle is decked with hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right ear, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles. She is depicted seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with her right leg resting on another lotus. Her right arm is in varad-mudra and the left arm is holding the stalk of an utpala that rests on the seat. There is a short crown around the bun-shaped coiffure. Behind the head is an oval halo.

Votive Stupa No. 226

[(53 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi, 2. a plain medhi, 3. a circular anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a band at the top that is partially broken. Inside the niche with a semicircular arched frame around it; Tara is depicted in her regular jewels and attributes.

Votive Stupa No. 227

[(62 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi, 2. a plain medhi, 3. a circular anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a band at the top 5. and a chatravali with three gradually diminishing tiers. Inside the niche with a semicircular arched frame around it; Tara is depicted with her usual attributes.

Votive Stupa No. 228

[(55 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain broad band in the centre, 2. a cylindrical medhi with a band at the base and another on the top, 3. a plain anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a band at the top. Inside the niche with semicircular top Tara is depicted in her usual ornaments and attributes. Behind her head is an oval halo.

Votive Stupa No. 229

[(63 cm high)]

The stupa is same as Stupa No.228.

Votive Stupa No. 230

[(64 cm high)]

The stupa is same as Stupa No.228.

Votive Stupa No. 231

[(76 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1. vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a medhi with a band at the base and the top, 3. a circular anda, 4. and a broken harmika. Inside the niche with a frame crowned by a chaitya-window motif; Tara clothed in a sati held by a girdle, decked in hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right ear, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with her right leg resting on another lotus. With right arm in varad-mudra and with the left arm holding a stalk of an utpala, rests on the seat. There is a short crown around the bun-shaped coiffure. Behind the head is an oval halo. On the either side of the niche halves of full-blown lotuses are depicted and below the seat two bowls of offerings and incense burner are placed.

Stupas bearing the images of Marichi

Votive Stupa No. 232

[(67 cm high)]

Stupa consists of a 1. tri-ratha vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a central band, 2. a circular medhi with a band at the base and the top, 3. a hemispherical anda, and a small portion of the square harmika is present (Plate-CLIII). Six-armed Marichi is carved inside the niche within a frame with a semicircular top is seated in paryankasana attitude on a double petalled lotus, below it seven pigs are depicted. Draped in a long sati held by a girdle the goddess is decked with anklets, valayas, bangles, bracelets and armlets, a beaded hara, an upavita and earrings. The hair is arranged in to a bun, topped by a short crown. Her principal right hand with a needle is in varad-mudra against her right leg, remaining two right hands carry an elephant-goad and a sword. The left hands hold a noose, the bough of an asoka tree and the stalk of a full blown lotus. Behind her head is an elongated oval halo.

Votive Stupa No. 233

[(80 cm high)]

Stupa consists of a 1. square vedhi, 2. a circular medhi with a band at the base and the top, 3. an elongated hemispherical anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, a socket for the shaft of the missing chatravali is present. Six-armed Marichi inside the niche within a frame pointed at the corners is seated in paryankasana attitude on a double petalled lotus. Draped in a long sati held by a girdle the goddess is decked in anklets, valayas, bangles, bracelets and armlets, a beaded hara, an upavita and earrings. The hair is arranged in to a bun on the top with a short crown. Her principal right hand with a needle is in varad-mudra against her right leg, remaining two right hands carry an elephant-goad and a sword. The left hands hold a noose, the bough of an asoka tree and the stalk of a full blown lotus. Behind her head is a circular halo.

Votive Stupa No. 234

[(78 cm high)]

Stupa consists of a 1. square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a central band, 2. a circular medhi with a band at the base and the top, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and a square harmika with two facets at the base and a facet and a band at the top, a socket for the shaft of the missing chatravali is present (Plate-CLIV). Six-armed Marichi is carved inside the niche within a frame with a curved projection at the top. The goddess is seated in paryankasana attitude on a double petalled lotus below five pigs are depicted. Draped in a long sati held by a girdle the goddess is decked in anklets, valayas, bangles, bracelets and armlets, a beaded hara, an upavita and earrings. The hair is arranged in a bun on the top with a short crown. Her principal right hand with a needle is in varad-mudra against her right leg, remaining two right hands carry an elephant-goad and a sword. The left hands hold a noose, the bough of an asoka tree and the stalk of a full blown lotus. Behind the head is an elongated oval halo. Image is defaced.

Votive Stupa No. 235 (56 cm)

This is the only four armed image of Marichi found at the site. Stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a central vertical band, 2. a circular medhi with a band at the base and another at the top, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and the lowest facet of the square harmika is extant (Plate-CLIVIII). Inside the niche with a semicircular arched frame the four-armed image of Marichi is depicted seated in paryankasana attitude on a double petalled lotus below which seven pigs are depicted. Draped in a long sati held by a girdle the goddess is decked in anklets, valayas, bangles, bracelets and armlets, a beaded hara, an upavita and earrings. The hair is arranged in to a bun on the top with a short crown; there is an elliptical halo behind the head. Her lower right hand with a needle is displayed in varad-mudra against her right leg, the upper right hand holding a sword. The left hands hold a noose and the bough of an asoka tree.

Votive Stupa No. 236

[(56 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. a plain square vedhi, 2. a plain high medhi, 3. a cylindrical anda with curved top corners, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a band at the top. Three headed and six-armed Marichi carved inside the niche within a plain frame is standing in the pratyalidha posture on a chariot drawn by seven horses, the charioteer being Rahu. He is represented by a head with an open mouth, from which has issued the string which holds the horses. All the three faces are human like. Draped in a long sati held by a girdle the goddess is decked in anklets, valayas, bangles, bracelets and armlets, a beaded hara, an upavita and earrings. The hair is arranged in to a bun on the top with a short crown. Her principal right hand is with a needle, the corresponding left is in tarjani-mudra and is placed against the chest, bearing a string ending in a noose. The remaining two right hands wield an arrow and a thunderbolt. The left hands hold a bow and the bough of an asoka tree.

Votive Stupa No. 237

[(60 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi which is underneath the soil; the top portion is slightly visible, 2. a circular medhi with a band, relieved with double petalled lotus succeeded by a beaded line at the base and the second band decorated with a row of thunderbolts within beaded borders, at the top, 3. a cylindrical anda with curved top corners, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a band at the top. A socket for chatravali exists. The frame around the oblong niche has a semicircular top and is carved with halves of flowers within a double wavy line, inside the niche three headed and six-armed Marichi in the pratyalidha posture on a chariot drawn by seven pigs is depicted. Draped in a long sati held by a girdle the goddess is decked in anklets, valayas, bangles, bracelets and armlets, a beaded hara, an upavita, and earrings. The hair is arranged like a bun and is topped with a short crown. Her principal right hand is with a needle, the corresponding left is in tarjani-mudra and is placed against the chest, bearing a string ending in to a noose. The remaining two right hands wield arrow and a thunderbolt. The left hands hold a bow and the bough of an asoka tree.

Votive Stupa No. 238

[(68 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi (front side tri-ratha) roughly carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain thin band at the centre, 2. a medhi with double petalled lotus capped by a beaded line at the base and a band with row of thunderbolts within borders having beaded lines at the top, 3. a cylindrical anda with curved top corners, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a band at the top carved with halves of flowers within triangular borders (Plate-CLVI). There is a square socket at the centre of the harmika for holding the shaft of the missing chatravali. Three headed and six-armed Marichi is carved inside the niche within a frame designed with halves of flowers within wavy lines. She is shown standing in the pratyalidha posture on a chariot drawn by three pigs, the charioteer being Rahu. Rahu is represented by a head with an open mouth from which has issued the string which holds the pigs. The left head of the goddess is sow-like, while the right human like displaying an melavolent expression. Draped in a long sati held by a girdle the goddess is decked in anklets, valayas, bangles, bracelets and armlets, a beaded hara, an upavita and earrings. The hair is arranged in to a bun topped with a short crown. Her principal right hand with a needle, the corresponding left is in tarjani-mudra and is placed against the chest, bearing a string ending in to a noose. The remaining two right hands wield an arrow and a thunderbolt. The left hands hold a bow and the bough of an asoka tree.

Votive Stupa No. 239

[(84 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain thin band in the centre, 2. a plain medhi, 3. a cylindrical anda with curved top corners, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a band at the top, 5. and a chatravali of four discs (PlateCLV). Three headed and six-armed Marichi is carved inside the niche around which is a plain frame; standing in the pratyalidha posture on a chariot drawn by seven horses. All the three heads are human. Draped in a long sati held by a girdle the goddess is decked in anklets, valayas, bangles, bracelets and armlets, a beaded hara, an upavita, earrings and a high crown. Her principal right hand is with a needle, the corresponding left is in tarjani-mudra and is placed against the chest, bearing a string ending in a noose. The remaining two right hands wield and two arrows and a thunderbolt. The left hands hold a bow and the bough of an asoka tree.

Votive Stupa No. 240

[(44 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. a plain square vedhi, 2. a plain medhi, 3. a cylindrical anda with curved top corners, 4. and a broken square harmika with a facet at the base. Three headed and six-armed Marichi inside the niche within a plain frame is standing in the pratyalidha posture on a chariot drawn by seven pigs. The left head of the goddess is sow-like, while the right human like displaying an malovelent expression. Draped in a long sati held by a girdle the goddess is decked in anklets, valayas, bangles, bracelets and armlets, a beaded hara, an upavita and ear rings. The hair is arranged in to a bun and is topped by a short crown. Her right hands hold a needle, arrow and thunderbolt. Her principle left arm is in tarjani-mudra, resting against her chest, the other two hands hold the twig of an asoka tree and a bow.

Votive Stupa No. 241

[(36 cm high)]

The stupa is same as Stupa No.239.

Votive Stupa No. 242

[(48.3 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a high tri-ratha vedhi, 2. medhi with a band at the base and the top, 3. a high anda, 4. and a square harmika of which only the lowest facet is extant (Plate-CLVII). Inside the semicircular arched frame, three headed and eight armed Marichi is standing in pratyalidha posture behind a horizontal bar across the knee of the Goddess. Her left face is sowlike. In her four right arms she is holding a needle, an elephant-goad, an arrow and a thunderbolt and in her left hands a string (damaged), a bow and the branch of an asoka tree and the main left arm in tarjani mudra placed near the chest.

Votive Stupa No. 243

[(38.5 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi, 2. a circular medhi, 3. a cylindrical anda with curved top corners, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base rest broken. Three headed and six-armed Marichi is carved inside the niche within an arched frame. She is shown standing in the pratyalidha posture on a chariot drawn by seven pigs, the charioteer being Rahu. Rahu is represented by a head with an open mouth from which has issued the strings which are holding the pigs. The left head of the goddess is sow-like, while the right human like is displaying an melovalent expression. Draped in a long sati held by a girdle the goddess is decked in anklets, valayas, bangles, bracelets and armlets, a beaded hara, an upavita and earrings. The hair is arranged in a bun topped by a short crown. Her lower right hand is with a needle, the corresponding left is in tarjani-mudra and is placed against the chest, bearing a string ending in a noose. The remaining two right hands wield and arrow and a thunderbolt. The left hands hold a bow and the bough of an asoka tree.

Votive Stupa No. 244

[(60 cm high)]

Stupa is same as Stupa No. 241, which also includes a chatravali with two gradually diminishing discs followed by a capping, the image is defaced and Rahu is not depicted on the stupa.

Votive Stupa No. 245

[(75 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain broad band in the centre, 2. a plain medhi, 3. a cylindrical anda with curved top corners, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, 5. and a chatravali of five gradually diminishing discs. Three headed and six-armed Marichi inside the niche within a plain frame with an elliptical halo behind her head is standing in the pratyalidha posture on a chariot drawn by seven pigs. The left head of the goddess is sow-like, while the right is human like displaying an malovelent expression. Draped in a long sati held by a girdle the goddess is decked in anklets, valayas, bangles, bracelets and armlets, a beaded hara, an upavita and ear rings. The hair is arranged in to a bun which is topped by a short crown. Her right hands hold a needle, arrow and a thunderbolt. Her principle left arm is in tarjani-mudra, resting against her chest, the other two hands hold the twig of an asoka tree and a bow.

[Stupa bearing the image of Vasudhara]

Votive Stupa No. 246

[(68 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a plain medhi, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top (Plate-CLIX). The frame around the oblong niche has a semicircular top and is carved with halves of flowers within a double wavy line. Clothed in a sati held by a girdle she is decked in hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right ear, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles. Vasudhara the goddess of abundance and wealth is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with her right leg resting on a second lotus. With right arm in varad-mudra and with the raised left arm carrying ears of corn. Goddess has a smiling face.

Votive Stupa No. 247

[(73 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura connected by a vertical band at the centre, 2. a medhi with a band and a facet at the base and two nolis flanked by facet at the top, 3. and a plain anda. Inside the niche which has a plain arched frame, Vasudhara the goddess of abundance and wealth clothed in a sati held by a girdle decked in hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right ear, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with her right leg resting on a smaller lotus. Her right arm is in varad-mudra and the raised left arm carryies ears of corn.

Votive Stupa No. 248

[(64 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi (base) carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain broad band in the centre, 2. a cylindrical medhi with a band at the base and the top, 3. a plain anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top which is partially broken (Plate-CLX). Inside the niche which has a plain arched frame, Vasudhara the goddess of abundance and wealth clothed in a sati held by a girdle is decked in hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right ear, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles. She is shown seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with her right leg resting on foliage of lotus stem. Her right arm is in varad-mudra and the raised left arm carryies ears of corn. There is an oval halo behind her head.

Votive Stupa No. 249

[(55 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a high vedhi (slightly broken) carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a plain medhi, 3. a elongated hemispherical anda, 4. and the lowest facet of the square harmika is extant. The frame around the oblong niche has a semicircular top. Vasudhara is depicted with her regular jewels and attributes.

Votive Stupa No. 250

[(60 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a tri-ratha vedhi, 2. a circular medhi, 3. and a plain anda. The frame around the oblong niche has a semicircular top. Vasudhara with a oval halo behind her head, clothed in a sati held by a girdle decked in hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right ear, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with her right leg resting on the second lotus. Her right arm is in varad-mudra and the raised left arm carryies ears of corn.

Votive Stupa No. 251

[(50 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi with its sides carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a thin central band, 2. medhi with a band at the base and two nolis flanked by facets at the top, 3. and a plain anda. The frame around the oblong niche has a semicircular top. Vasudhara is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with her right leg resting on the second lotus. With her right arm in varad-mudra and the raised left arm carrying ears of corn she is dressed in a sati held by a girdle and is decked with hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right ear, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles.

Votive Stupa No. 252

[(66.7 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1. vedhi carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a central band, 2. a medhi with band at its base and the top, 3. and a plain anda (broken) (Plate-CLXI). Inside the niche with an arched frame with a pointed crown; Vasudhara is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus. With right arm in varad-mudra and with the left arm resting on the seat carries ears of corn. She is clothed in a sati held by a girdle and is decked in hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right ear, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles. There is an oval halo behind her head.

Votive Stupa No. 253

[(55 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a high vedhi carved into a khura, pata and a inverted khura with a central leaf shaped band, 2. a medhi with a band at the base and another at the top, 3. and hemispherical anda. The frame around the oblong niche has a semicircular top. Vasudhara is depicted in her regular ornaments and attributes.

Stupas bearing the images of Chunda (?)

Votive Stupa No. 254

[(69 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain band in the centre, 2. a medhi with double petalled lotus capped by a beaded line at the base and a band with row of thunderbolts within borders having beaded lines at the top, 3. a cylindrical anda with curved top corners, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a band at the top (Plate-CLXII). Inside the niche within a frame designed with halves of flowers within triangles four-armed Chunda is seated in paryankasana attitude on a double petalled lotus. Draped in a long sati held by a girdle the goddess is decked in anklets, valayas, bangles, bracelets and armlets, a beaded hara, an upavita, and earrings. The hair is arranged in a bun on the top with a short crown. The principle right and left arms are in anjali-mudra above it a bowl is placed and with the upper right arm holds a rosary and the left arm a kamandalu. Behind the head is a circular halo.

Votive Stupa No. 255

[(44 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain broad band in the centre, 2. and a cylindrical medhi with a band at the base and the top rest of the part of the stupa is broken. Inside the niche which has a frame decorated with halves of flowers within triangular lines of three, four-armed Chunda is seated in vajra-paryankasana attitude on a double petalled lotus. Draped in a long sati held by a girdle the goddess is decked in anklets, valayas, bangles, bracelets and armlets, a beaded hara, an upavita, and earrings. The hair is arranged in a bun topped with a short crown. The principle right and left arms are in anjali-mudra above it a bowl is placed and with the upper right arm holds a rosary and with the left arm a kamandalu. Below the double petalled lotus a kneeling devotee with folded hands and a bowl of offering are placed.

Votive Stupa No. 256

[(58 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain band in the centre, 2. a plain medhi, 3. and a cylindrical anda with curved top corners. Inside the niche within an arched frame; four-armed Chunda (?) is depicted in her regular posture and attributes with an oval halo behind the head. The face is chipped off and the stupa is badly weathered.

Votive Stupa No. 257

[(72.5 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. a vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain band in the centre, 2. a circular medhi, 3. a cylindrical anda with curved top corners, 4. and a harmika with a facet at the base and a band at the top (Plate-CLXIII). Inside the niche within a frame designed with halves of flowers within triangles, four-armed Chunda (?) is seated in paryankasana attitude on a double petalled lotus. Draped in a long sati held by a girdle the goddess is decked in anklets, valayas, bangles, bracelets and armlets, a beaded hara, an upavita, and earrings. The hair is arranged in a bun on the top with a short crown. The principle right and left arms are in anjalimudra above it a bowl is placed and with the upper right arm holding a rosary and with the left arm a full blown lotus. Inside the niche on the right hand side top corner of the goddess, half of a full blown lotus is carved. Behind the head is a circular halo. Below the seat a kneeling devotee with folded hands, a bowl of offering and foliage of the lotus flower is depicted.

Votive Stupa No. 258

[(48 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain band in the centre, 2. a plain medhi, 3. and a cylindrical anda with curved top corners. Inside the niche within an arched frame; four-armed Chunda (?) is seated in paryankasana attitude on a double petalled lotus. Draped in a long sati held by a girdle the goddess is decked in anklets, valayas, bangles, bracelets and armlets, a beaded hara, an upavita, and earrings. The hair is arranged in a bun on the top with a short crown. The principle right and left arms are in anjali-mudra above it a bowl is placed and with the upper right arm holds a rosary and with the left arm a full blown lotus. Behind the head is a circular halo.

Votive Stupa No. 259

[(68.5 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. a tri-ratha vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain band in the centre, 2. a medhi with a band at the base and the top, 3. and a cylindrical anda with curved top corners. Inside the niche within an projected arched frame; four-armed Chunda (?) is seated in paryankasana attitude on a double petalled lotus. Draped in a long sati held by a girdle the goddess is decked in anklets, valayas, bangles, bracelets and armlets, a beaded hara, an upavita, and earrings. The hair is arranged in to a bun and is topped by a short crown. The principle right and left arms are in anjali-mudra above it a bowl is placed and the upper right arm holds a rosary and in the left arm is a full blown lotus. Behind the head is a circular halo. Below the seat two bowls of offerings and foliage of the lotus flower is depicted.

Votive Stupa No. 260

[(62 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi (base) carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain broad band in the centre, 2. a cylindrical medhi with a band at the base and the top, 3. a plain anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a band at the top (Plate-CLXIV). Inside the niche with semicircular top, a four-armed Chunda is seated in paryankasana attitude on a double petalled lotus. Draped in a long sati held by a girdle the goddess is decked in anklets, valayas, bangles, bracelets and armlets, a beaded hara, an upavita, and earrings. The hair is arranged in a bun on the top with a short crown. The principle right and left arms are in anjali mudra above it a bowl is placed and with the upper right arm holding a rosary and with the left arm a full blown lotus. Below the double petalled lotus two bowls of offerings and an incense burner are placed.

[Stupa bearing the image of Parnasabari]

Votive Stupa No. 261

[(29 cm high)]

This is the only stupa representing this Goddess. Stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi, 2. and a circular medhi. Rest of the components of the stupa are missing (Plate-CLXV). Inside the niche with a semicircular top; three headed and six-armed Parnasabari draped in a sati held by a girdle, she is holding an arrow, a hatchet and a thunderbolt in her right hands and in the left hands a bow, a branch with a cluster of leaves and a noose is seated in paryankasana posture on a double petalled lotus. She is adorned with bangles, beaded armlets, two beaded haras, earrings and a high crown. Below the seat are an incense burner and three unidentifiable objects.

[Stupa bearing the image of Tarodbhava Kurukulla]

Votive Stupa No. 262

[(62 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a plain thin band in the centre, 2. a circular medhi with a band at the base and a band at the top, 3. an hemispherical anda with a flattened top, 4. and the lowest facet of the square harmika stands (Plate-CLXVI). Inside the niche within a plain frame with a semicircular top is Tarodbhava Kurukulla seated in vajra-paryankasana attitude on a double petalled lotus. With her upper two hands the goddess is ready to strike, has charged a bow with an arrow. The lower left hand carries the stalk of an utpala, the corresponding right (partly broken) being in varad-mudra. Clad in a sati held by a girdle, she is decked in valayas, a beaded hara, a kundala in her right ear left side ear is broken and a short crown. Tied by a string the hair is gathered near the back side.

[Stupa bearing the image of Asokakanta]

Votive Stupa No. 263

[(56 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. a plain square vedhi, 2. a plain circular medhi, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and the bottom facet of the square harmika is extant (Plate-CLXVII). Inside the niche within a plain frame with a semicircular top is the Asokakanta clad in a sati held by a girdle and an uttariya worn in an upavita fashion, she is decked in valayas, ornate armlets, an upavita, a beaded hara, ear-rings and a high crown is seated in lalitasana posture, with her right leg pendant, on a smaller lotus. In her left hand the Goddess holds the bough of an asoka tree and her right hand is in varadmudra, resting on the knee. Behind her head is an elliptical halo.

[Stupa bearing images of two-armed goddesses]

Votive Stupa No. 264

[(76 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a vertical band at the centre, 2. a circular medhi with a band at the base and a band at the top, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top (Plate-CLXVIII). Inside the niche within a plain arched frame a two armed goddess is seated on a double petalled lotus in lalitasana with her right leg resting on a smaller lotus. Her right hand is displayed in varad-mudra and with the left hand holding a sword upside down and the point is touching the seat, decked in hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right ear, a beaded upavita, armlets, and bangles clothed in a sati held by a girdle and a high bun coiffure. There is an oval halo behind her head and below the seat are a bowl of offering and a kneeling devotee with folded hands.

Votive Stupa No. 265

[(66.5 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura with a vertical band at the centre, 2. a circular medhi, 3. a hemispherical anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top (Plate-CLXIX). Inside the niche within a plain arched frame a two armed goddess is seated in lalitasana on a double petalled lotus; her right arm is in varad-mudra; the left arm is broken. Clothed in a sati held by a girdle, the hair is fashioned in a shape of a bun tied on the left hand side, and is decked with hara, earrings, a beaded upavita, armlets, and bangles. There is an oval halo behind her head. The image is crudely carved.

Votive Stupa No. 266

[(59 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a circular medhi, 2. an circular anda, 3. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, 4. a chatravali with five gradually diminishing discs (Plate-CLXX). Inside the niche a two armed goddess clothed in a sati held by a girdle, decked in hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right ear, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus. The right arm is in varad-mudra and the left palm is holding a stalk of a full blown lotus that resting on the seat. There is a short crown resting over a bun-shaped coiffure on the head. Below the seat a bowl of offering and kneeling female devotee with folded hands are depicted.

Votive Stupa No. 267

[(62 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a vedhi that is pancha-ratha in plan. In the raha paga (the central band) a square niche is carved, 2. a medhi with double petalled lotus capped by a beaded line at the base and a band with row of thunderbolts within borders having beaded lines at the top, the middle part is decorated with intersecting wavy garlands made of beaded lines and beaded pendants issuing from kirti-mukhas, 3. and a globular anda (Plate-CLXXI) . With a decorated frame (decoration is not clear) a two armed goddess is corved inside the niche. She is decked in valayas, necklace of pendants, beaded armlet and ear rings and a high conical crown and is seated in lalitasana on a double petalled lotus. Clothed in a sati held by a girdle, in her left hand she carries a manuscript (?) held against the chest and in the right hand a sword raised above the head.

Votive Stupa No. 268

[(55.2 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a low square vedhi, 2. a high medhi with a band at the base and at the top, 3. slightly tapering anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a band at the top, 5. and a chatravali of three gradually diminishing discs, (top portion is broken) (PlateCLXXII). Inside the niche without a frame, is curved a Four-Armed Goddess seated in vajraparyankasana posture on a plane seat. Clothed in a sati, she carries an arrow in her lower right hand, a thunderbolt in the upper right, the lower left hand held against the chest in tarjani-mudra and a bow in the upper left hand. The image is carved crudely.

[Stupas bearing more than one image]

Votive Stupa No. 269

[(70 cm high)]

This stupa bears two images in two niches on its either sides. Both are of poor workmanship, both Tara and Lokesvara are two armed.

The stupa consists of a 1. a high medhi with two mouldings at the base and a slightly thick facet and a band flanked by two facets at the top, 2. a high cylindrical anda, 3. and a square harmika with two facets at the base and a band and a facet at the top (Plate-CLXXIII).

Tara clothed in a sati held by a girdle, decked in hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right, a beaded upavita, armlets and bangles is seated in lalitasana posture inside a oblong niche with curved top corners, above it is a chaitya window motif. Her right arm is in varad-mudra and in her raised left arm is a stalk of utpala. The bun shaped coiffure is tied on the top of the head and around it is a short crown.

On the other side inside the niche with arched frame, pointed at the crown with a chaitya window motif above it, Lokesvara is seated in lalitasana on a double petalled lotus with his right arm in varad-mudra and the raised left hand holds a stalk of a lotus. Clad in an antariya and decked in valayas, a hara, ear ornaments and a short crown.

Votive Stupa No. 270

[(64 cm high)]

This is one of the two stupas at the site bearing two images in one single niche. Both the images are sitting on two separate lotuses.

The stupa consists of 1. a square platform carved into a khura and inverted khura connected by a central band, 2. a medhi with a band at the base and two nolis flanked by facet at the top, 3. a plain anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base, rest of the part is broken (Plate-CLXXIV). In the niche with a semicircular top, around which is a raised frame with a triangular top, (from left to right) Manjusri is seated in lalitasana posture on a visvapadma with his right foot resting on another lotus. Manjusri is depicted with a small crown around his head; his right hand is resting on his right leg and his left arm holds a stalk of an utpala.

Lokesvara is depicted in lalitasana on a double petalled lotus with his right leg resting on the leaf of a lotus. His right hand is in varad-mudra and with his left hand he is holding a stalk of full blown lotus. There is a short crown at the base of the high jata-mukuta. The stupa is worn-off.

Votive Stupa No. 271

[(26 cm high)]

This is a monolithic miniature stupa with images on cardinal directions. All the five components of a stupa can be seen in this stupa but this stupa is not in a good state of preservation. 1. the vedhi is tri-ratha in shape and the central band is stylishly carved, 2. a medhi with double petalled lotus at the base and a band having beaded lines at the top, 3. a globular anda with curved top corners, 4. a tri-ratha harmika with a facet at the base and a band at the top, 5. and a part of the disc of the chatravali can be seen. Around the niches there is an arched frame with some decorations exists. The description of the images carved on the stupa’s are:

A. Buddha: is in bhumisparsha-mudra. Buddha is seated in vajra-prayankasana posture on a double petalled lotus. Clad in an antarvasa and an uttarsanga which leaves his right chest, shoulder and arm bare.

B. Manjusri: is seated in lalitasana posture on a visvapadma with his bent right arm in vyakhyana-mudra. His left arm palm holding the stalk of the lily above which a book is placed, rests on the seat nd towards his right hand side is the stalk of a lotus like flower. Draped in an antariya held by a girdle, adorned with anklets, two bangles around each wrist, armlets with a central piece and a hara. The image is defaced.

C. Tara: is seated in lalitasana posture on a double petalled lotus with her right leg resting on another lotus. With right arm in varad-mudra and with the left arm holding a stalk of an utpala that rests on the seat, she is clothed in a sati held by a girdle. Decked in hara, ear studs in the left and kundala in the right, a beaded upavita, armlets, bangles and a short crown. D. The image is badly damaged and is difficult to identify.

Votive Stupa No. 272

[(71 cm high)]

This stupa is carved out of a rectangular stone slab which is rounded in the front side and the back is completely flat. The stupa consists of a 1. a short vedhi with its front square in shape, 2. there is no demarcating line between the medhi and the anda portion, 3. harmika with a facet at the base and a band at the top 4. and a chatravali with two circular discs (Plate-CLXXV). Inside the niche within three arched frames at the centre Shadakshari Lokesvara is draped in antariya held by a plain girdle and a folded uttariya worn in an upaviti fashion and he is adorned with valayas, armlets, bracelets, a hara, earrings and a high crown. He is seated in vajra-paryankasana attitude on a double petalled lotus. His principle hands are joined on the chest in anjali-mudra, while the upper right hand holds a rosary and with the left hand holds a stalk of a full blown lotus.

On the right hand side of Shadakshari Lokesvara, Manibhadra and on the other side Shadakshri Mahavidya are depicted in vajra-paryankasana attitude on double petalled lotus with similar attributes of Shadakshari Lokesvara. Below the double petalled lotus a kneeling devotee and foliage of lotus stem are depicted. This stupa was unearthed from where the Mahakala temple has been relocated.

[Stupas devoid of any images]

Votive Stupa No. 273

[(69 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a tall plain square vedhi, 2. a medhi with a band at the base followed by three nolis at the top and the central one is within two facets, 3. a short anda, 4. and the lowest of the square harmika is extant (Plate-CLXXVI).

Votive Stupa No. 274

[(66 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a plain short square vedhi, 2. a plain cylindrical medhi, 3. an elongated plain anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top; there are triangular projections at the centre and the top corners of the harmika, 5. and a chatravali in the form of five gradually diminishing discs (Plate-CLXXVII).

Votive Stupa No. 275 (63.5cm high)

The stupa consists of a 1. a vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura connected by a vertical band at the centre, 2. a plain circular medhi, 3. a circular anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top.

Votive Stupa No. 276

[(57 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura connected by a vertical band at the centre, 2. a plain circular medhi, 3. elongated anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top.

Votive Stupa No. 277

[(67.5 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a plain square vedhi, 2. a plain cylindrical medhi, 3. a circular anda with rounded top corners,4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, 5. and a chatravali in the form of three gradually diminishing discs.

Votive Stupa No. 278

[(71 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a plain square vedhi, 2. a plain cylindrical medhi with a semicircular projection at the centre, 3. a plain anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, 5. and a chatravali in the form of three gradually diminishing discs capped with a small crowning member (Plate-CLXXVIII).

Votive Stupa No. 279

[(75.5 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura connected by a vertical band at the centre, 2. a plain circular medhi, 3. elongated anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, 5. and a conical chatravali.

Votive Stupa No. 280

[(64.5 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1.a vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura connected by a vertical band at the centre, 2. a circular medhi with a band and a facet at the base and the top, 3. elongated anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top,5. and the lowest two disc of the chatravali is extant.

Votive Stupa No. 281

[(68.5 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura connected by a vertical band at the centre, 2. a plain circular medhi, 3. elongated anda, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, 5. a circular chatravali with a tapering top followed by a pear shaped capping.

Votive Stupa No. 282

[(92 cm high)]

There are eight stupas of similar style arranged in a line and the stupas consist of 1. a vedhi carved into a khura, kumbha, pata and an inverted khura connected by a thin vertical band at the centre, 2. a circular medhi with an in turned and an out turned band at the base followed by two nolis within facets, 3. anda with shouldered top, 4. a tri-ratha harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, 5. and a conical chatravali in the shape of thin spirals (PlateCLXXIX).

Votive Stupa No. 283

[(69 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a circular medhi with a band and a facet at the base and two nolis within facets at the top, 2. a circular anda, 3. a tri-ratha harmika with two facets at the base and a facet and a band at the top, 4. And three diminishing discs of the chatravali are present. There is an empty niche with an arched frame carved with an eight petalled flower at the centre.

Votive Stupa No. 284

[(81 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a tri-rath vedhi carved into three mouldings like square bands at intervals and there are two vertical bands at the centre between the mouldings (Plate-CLXXX), 2. a circular medhi with two bands at the base and two nolis within facets at the top, 3. a short anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and two facets and a band at the top.The empty niche has a plain oblong frame crowned by a chaitya window motif.

Votive Stupa No. 285

[(44 cm high)]

The stupa consists of a 1. a square vedhi 2. a plain circular medhi, 3. a cylindrical anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top. There is an empty niche with a semicircular top devoid of any frame.

Votive Stupa No. 286

[(61 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi carved into a khura, pata and an inverted khura connected by a thin vertical band at the centre, 2. a medhi with a inturned and an out turned band at the base followed by three nolis at the top, 3. a cylindrical anda, 4. and a tri-ratha harmika is extant.

Votive Stupa No. 287

[(72 cm high)]

Stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura, 2. a circular medhi with a band at the base and a band at the top. Four miniature stupas are carved on the four corners, 3. and a anda with rounded top corners.

Votive Stupa No. 288

[(76 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura, 2. a medhi with a double petalled lotus band at the base followed by a band of four petalled flowers within diamond shaped frames and halves of flowers within triangles at the top, 3. an elongated cylindrical anda, 4. and a harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top is extant (Plate -CLXXXI).

Votive Stupa No. 289

[(62 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a vedhi carved into a khura and an inverted khura connected by a vertical thin band at the centre, 2. a circular medhi with a band at the base flanked by two nolis within facets at the top, 3. and a short anda.

Votive Stupa No. 290

[(53 cm high)]

The stupa consists of 1. a tri-ratha vedhi from all the four sides, below it is a tall plain square platform, which might have been for burying it underneath the soil, 2. and a medhi with a inturned and an out turned band at the base, it is rising till 14 cm high, rest of the part of the stupa is broken (Plate -CLXXXII). On all the cardinal directions are a set of seven pillars, the bottom of each set rests on the raha-paga (central projection) of the vedhi. These pillars are quite similar to the ayaka pillars of the stupas reported from Andhra but there the numbers of pillars are five and the pillars are projected whereas here at Ratnagiri the pillars rise from the vedhi to the height of the medhi. This shows that the local sculptors were totally unaware of this kind of architecture of Andhra and merely attempted to carve it at the instruction of the pilgrims from/returning from Andhra.

Two stupas of this type have been reported from the site (Mitra, 1980, 110)^[2].

Votive Stupa No. 291

The stupa consists of 1. a cylindrical medhi with a plain band at the base and a band of full blown flower at the top, 2. a slightly squarish anda with curved corners, 3. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top (Plate -CLXXXIII).

This is a unique kind of stupa found at the site, a square niche has been carved in the anda portion, whereas in other stupas the niche is carved in the medhi portion and which extends up to the anda portion

Votive Stupa No. 292

[(57 cm high)]

This unfinished stupa indicates that stupas were made by the local artisans and that a workshop existes at the site or close to the site. Even the raw material (stone) was extracted from the nearby hills (Plate -CLXXXIV).

Footnotes and references:

[1]:

I had visited a sculptors work place, while conversing I was told that when the khondalite rock is cut from the quarry, it should be used within 6-12 months or after that it is not possible to carve on it as it comes out in flakes when chiseled.

[2]:

At present in the site only one of this ayaka pillar type stupa has been reported by me.