Stupas in Orissa (Study)

by Meenakshi Chauley | 2013 | 109,845 words

This study examines the Stupas and Votive Stupas in Odisha or Orissa (Eastern India).—In this thesis an attempt has been made to trace the historicity of Buddhism in Odisha on the basis of the architectural development of the Stupa architecture. Archaeological evidence obtained from excavated sites dates such structures as early as third-second cen...

Minor Votive Stupas at Lalitagiri

At the site there are 89 intact monolithic stupas reported rest are in fragments either displayed or scattered all around the site. Descriptions of all the stupas including the fragmentary stupas are discussed below all the stupas are made of khondalite stone:

Votive stupa-1 (61 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a medhi with two mouldings at the base and two bands at the top within facets sandwiching a recess (Plate-LXV). Among these two bands at the top the lower band has two facets at the base and one facet at the base of the upper band. On the three sides of the medhi three full blown lotus flowers are carved on the bands at the top, 2. and an elongated cylindrical anda. Inside the niche with a highly ornate double chaitya window motif above it, a miniature stupa is depicted with all the five components i.e. i) square vedhi with two mouldings. ii) a medhi with a band at the base and two mouldings at the top. iii) circular anda. iv) a square harmika and v) a chatravali. The stupa is in good state of preservation. The top of the stupa is marked with a circular socket hole at the centre. The base is partly buried under the soil.

Votive stupa-2 (42.5 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular vedhi, 2. an elongated cylindrical medhi with a thin band at the base and a broad band at the top, 3. a short anda, 4. square harmika, 5. and the shaft of the broken chatravali is extant.

Votive stupa-3 (43 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular vedhi, 2. an elongated cylindrical medhi with a band at the top, 3. a short bulbous anda, 4. andthe lowest facet and a part of broken square harmika are present (Plate-XLVI).

Votive stupa-4 (56 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular vedhi, 2. an cylindrical medhi with a band at the top, 3. a short anda, 4. and a square harmika is present.

Votive stupa-5 (27 cm high)

A fragment of the medhi with a band and a facet at the base is extant. Images of Buddha are carved on all the four side. Images are crudely carved. Inside the niche on the three sides Buddha is shown in bhumisparsha-mudra. Out of these three images in two he is seated in vajraprayankasana posture on a half of a full blown lotus, third one is not clearly visible. On the fourth one the Lord is depicted in dharmachakrapravartan-mudra. Below his seat a chakra and a seated deer is depicted. All the four images are defaced. This stupa seems to be unfinished.

Votive stupa-6 (120 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular vedhi, 2. a cylindrical medhi with a band at the top, 3. a short anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top.

Votive stupa-7 (125 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular vedhi, 2. a cylindrical medhi with a band at the base and a band at the top, 3. followed by a short anda.

Votive stupa-8 Monolithic votive stupa worshipped as a Linga

This stupa is a very good example of human vandalism (Plate-XLVII). This stupa is enshrined within a temple located within the site. This stupa has been converted into a Linga and a small temple is erected over it and is worshipped by the local villagers. A Matha was also constructed by the villagers and Sadhu’s (saints) used to stay there but ASI has demolished that structure and removed the Sadhu’s from the premises. But still the temple is visited by the villagers.

Votive stupa-9 (61 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular vedhi, 2. a cylindrical medhi with three bands at the top; the middle band is broader than the side ones, 3. and an elongated anda with rounded top corners.

Votive stupa-10 (48 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a cylindrical medhi, 2. an elongated anda, 3. and lowest two facets of the harmika is extant.

Votive stupa-11(52 cm high)

Stupa consists of a circular medhi which is slightly rounded at the centreand aglobular anda (Plate XLIX). The medhi and anda are of quite similar height.

Votive stupa-12(61 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi (base) with rounded corners, 2. a cylindrical medhi with a thin band at the base and a curved band at the top within two facets, 3. a plain anda, 4. and a square harmika of which the facet at the base is standing, rest of the part is broken.

Votive stupa-13 (52 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular medhi, 2. a plain anda, 3. and lowesttwo facets of the square harmika is extant.

Votive stupa-14 (40 cm high)

Stupa consists of a cylindrical medhi, acircular anda and the lowest facet of the square harmika is standing.

Votive stupa-15 (60 cm high)

The stupa consists of a 1. a circular vedhi, 2. cylindrical medhi with a thin band at the base and a band within two facets at the top, 3. and a globular anda.

Votive stupa-16 (71 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a cylindrical medhi, 2. a circular anda with rounded top corners,3.

and lowesttwo facets of the square harmika is extant.

Votive stupa-17 (48 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a short cylindrical medhi, it is quite small in size compared to the anda portion, 2. a bulbous anda like a globe, 3. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a band at the top with a pear shaped capping on it (Plate XLIX).

Votive stupa-18 (36 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a cylindrical medhi, 2. a globular anda, 3. andthe lowertwo facets and a portion of the square harmika is extant.

Votive stupa-19 (61 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a very short medhi compared to the anda, 2. an elongated anda, 3.

and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a broad band at the top (Plate-L). This stupa looks square in shape with curved corners.

Votive stupa-20 (38 cm high)

Stupa consists of a circular medhi and abulbous anda.

Votive stupa-21(61 cm high)

The stupa consists of a 1. cylindrical medhi with a band at the base and a little broad band then the lower one at the top, 2. a globular anda, 3. andlowest facet of the square harmika is extant.

Votive stupa-22 (50 cm high)

Stupa consists of a circular medhi and aglobular anda which is flattened at the top.

Votive stupa-23 (58 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a cylindrical medhi, 2. a circular anda with rounded top corners,3.

and thelowest facet of the square harmika is present.

Votive stupa-24(66 cm high)

Stupa consists of a tall circular medhiand a short globular anda. Very crudely carved seems to be unfinished (Plate-LI).

Votive stupa-25 (65 cm high)

Stupa consists of a short circular medhiand an elongated anda flattened at the top.

Votive stupa-26 (66.5 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular vedhi, 2.a medhiwith a band at the top, 3. a anda,4. and lowest facet of the square harmika is extant. This stupa is square in shape with rounded corners. Votive stupa-27 (76 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a short square vedhi, 2. an elongated plain medhi, 3. a very short anda compared to the medhi, 4. and the lowest facet of the square harmika. The medhi and the anda looks quite flattened at the centre but the corners are rounded.

Votive stupa-28 (93 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular vedhi, 2. a medhi with a band at the top, 3. a short anda, 4. and the lowest facet of the square harmika is extant (Plate-LXII). The stupa looks quite flattened at the centre but the corners are curved.

Votive stupa-29 (78 cm high)

1. a circular vedhi, 2. a medhi with a band at the top, 3. anda short anda, 4. andthe lowest facet of the square harmika is extant.

Votive stupa-30 (86 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular vedhi, 2. a medhi with a thin band at the base and a band at the top within facets, 2. an elongated cylindrical anda, 3. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top followed by a squarish slightly raised platform. At the centre of the stupa a projected oblong is carved which stretches till the top portion of the anda. This central oblong has recessed mouldings at the base and the top followed by some curved design.

Votive stupa-31 (89 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a long circular vedhi, 2. a medhi with a band at the top, 3. a short anda, 4. andasquare harmika with a facet at the base and slightly raised harmika, top portion is broken.

Votive stupa-32 (93 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular vedhi, 2. a medhi with a thin band at the base and a band within facets at the top, 3. an elongated cylindrical anda, 4. anda square harmika with two facets at the base, the top portion is broken.

Votive stupa-33 (118 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular vedhi, 2. a medhi with a thin band at the base and a band within facets at the top, 3. a short anda, 4. andasquare harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top.

Votive stupa-34 (100 cm high)

Stupa consists of a 1. circular medhi, 2. globular anda, 3. andasquare harmika with a facet at the base and a band at the top. There is a socket at the centre of the harmika for holding the shaft of the missing chatravali.

Votive stupa-35 (81 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular vedhi, 2. a medhi with a band at the top, 3. and a small portion of the anda exists.

Votive stupa-36 (77 cm high)

Stupa consists of a circular medhiand aglobular anda.

Votive stupa-37 (77.5 cm high)

Stupa consists of a circular medhi, aglobular anda and the lowest facet of the square harmika is standing.

Votive stupa-38 (91 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a plain medhi, 2. an anda with rounded top corners, 3. and a two tiered square harmika with a facet at the base than a recess, a band at the centre again a recess followed by a facet and a band at the top. This stupa is not completely circular in shape, only the corners are rounded and the central portion is quite flattened.

Votive stupa-39 (89 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular medhi, 2. a circular anda, 3. andthelowest two facets and a small portion of the square harmika are extant.

Votive stupa-40 (120 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular vedhi, 2. a medhi with a band at the top, 3. a short anda, 4. and square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top.

Votive stupa-41 (89 cm high)

This is an incomplete stupa and it is quite square in shape 1. medhi is unfinished, slender then the anda portion and tapering towards the base, 2.anda portion is tall and flattened in shape, 3. and a square harmika with a band at the base and a facet and a band at the top.

Votive stupa-42(87 cm high)

This is an unfinished stupa, chisel marks are clearly visible on the medhi part this stupa is same as many other stupa discussed above which are squarish in shape with curved corners, the medhi is incomplete, it is square in shape followed by a tall anda and a square harmika with a band at the base and a facet and a tapering band at the top.

Votive stupa-43 (68.5 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular vedhi, 2. a medhi with a band within facets at the top, 3.

an cylindrical anda, 4. and lowest two facets of the square harmika are extant.

Votive stupa-44 (78 cm high)

1. a high circular vedhi, 2. a medhi with a band at the top, 3. a short anda with rounded top corners, 4. anda square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top.

Votive stupa-45 (95 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a medhi with a rectangular band at the top. There are vertical recesses on all the four corners of the medhi, 2. an anda with rounded top corners, 3. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top, it is partially broken (Plate LXIII). There is a socket at the centre

Votive stupa-46 (72 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi, 2. a medhi with triangular projections on all the four corners and two bands at the top, 3. an anda with rounded top corners, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top.

Votive stupa-47(66.5 cm high)

Stupa consists of 1. a circular medhi, 2. globular anda, 3. and a square harmika with a facet at the base, rest of the part is broken.

Votive stupa-48 (61 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular vedhi, 2. a medhi with a thin band at the base and there are two mouldings at the top and two facets between these two mouldings, 3. an anda with rounded top corners, 4. and only the lowest facet of the square harmika is extant.

Votive stupa-49 (69 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular medhi with three facets and a band at the top. The medhi portion is highly decorated; the space between two images are carved with latticed window motifs within a frame crowned by halve of a full blown lotus on all four cardinal directions, crowned by a band capped by a thinner band and three diminishing facet below (Plate LXIV), 2. a plain anda, 3. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top. This is a monolithic votive stupa. Inside the oblong frame in all the four cardinal directions, Buddha in dhyana-mudra robed in an antaravasa and uttarasanga, leaving his right chest, shoulder and arm bare. The lord has very long ears (Mahapurushalakshana) is seated in vajra prayankasana posture on a padma in two of the images and on the other two he is shown seated on a plane seat. The rendering of the curls covering his head and ushnisha is stylized.

Votive stupa-50 (61 cm high)

1. a cylindrical medhi with a broad band and a facet at the base and there are two mouldings at the top and two facets between these two mouldings, 2. an circular anda, 3. lowest facet of the square harmika is extant. Inside the niche which has a plain frame followed by a chaitya window motif, Buddha is seated in vajra prayankasana posture with his hand in bhumisparsha-mudra, robed in an antaravasa and uttarasanga which leaves his right chest, shoulder and arm bare.

Votive stupa-51(87 cm high)

Stupa consists of a 1. tall cylindrical medhi, 2. circular anda, 3. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top.

Votive stupa-52 (81 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1.a cylindrical medhi with a noli and a facet at the base and a noli within two facets at the top (Plate-LXV), 2. an anda with rounded corners (one side slightly broken), 3. and a tri-rathaharmika with a facet at the base and a band within two facets at the top. Buddha in bhumisparsha-mudra is seated in vajraprayankasana on a single petalled lotus, robed in an antaravasa and uttarasanga leaving his right chest, shoulder and arm bare. As this image is projected, the carving done above the Lord’s head is in such a manner as to give shade to the image. It is in a form of a semicircular arch followed by some other design. The face of the image is worn off.

Votive stupa-53(118 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular vedhi, 2. a medhi with a band within facets at the top, 3. an cylindrical anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and two facets and a band at the top.

Votive stupa-54 (40 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi with two receding mouldings at the base and a projected band within facet at the top (Plate-LXVI) , 2. a circular medhi with a thin band at the base and a band within facet at the top, 3. and a anda with rounded top corners. Harmika is broken.

Votive stupa-55 (45.5 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi (base) with two mouldings at the base and the top, 2. a circular medhi, 3. and a globular anda.

Votive stupa-56 (91 cm high)

1. a plain medhi, 2. an anda with rounded top corners, 3. a square harmika with a facet at the base three gradually succeeding tiers at the top. 4. and shaft of the missing chatravali.

Votive stupa-57 (38 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi, 2. a medhi with tapering triangular projections on the corners to beautify the stupa and two bands at the top, 3. an anda with rounded top corners, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top and a socket for holding the missing chatravali (Plate-LXVII).

This stupa is unique in its own kind. This stupa is vertically cut in two parts (the other half is missing); there is a 7 x 7cm socket in the back side of the stupa for preserving the relic

Votive stupa-58 (40 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular medhi, 2. an anda with rounded top corners, 3. and the lowest facet of the square harmika exists.

Votive stupa-59 (38cm high)

The stupa consists of a medhi and anda with rounded top corners. The stupa is eroded badly.

Votive stupa-60 (45 cm high)

The stupa consists of a circular medhi and anda with curved top corners. The stupa is badly worn off.

Votive stupa-61 (45 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a short circular medhi, 2. an globular anda, 3. and a square harmika with a band at the base and a band at the top. In between these two bands there is a tapering band attached to the band at the top. There is a socket for holding the missing chatravali.

Votive stupa-62 (56 cm high)

The stupa consists of a circular medhi with two mouldings at the base and three at the top. Rest of the part of the stupa is broken.

Votive stupa-63 (51.5 cm high)

1. a short circular medhi, 2. an globular anda, 3. and a square harmika with a band and a facet at the base and a facet and a band followed by a smaller band at the top. There is a socket for holding the missing chatravali.

Votive stupa-64 (59 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular vedhi, 2. a tall medhi with a thin band at the base and a band within facets at the top, 2. and a cylindrical anda.

Votive stupa-65 (43.5 cm high)

The stupa consists of a circular medhi with two mouldings at the base and a noli within two facets at the top. Rest of the part of the stupa is broken

Votive stupa-66 (73 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular vedhi, 2. a medhi with a band within facets at the top, 3. an cylindrical anda, 4. and the lowest two facets of the square harmika are present.

Votive stupa-67 (91 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi with rounded corners, 2. a medhi with a thin band at the base and a noli within the facets at the top, 3. an anda with rounded top corners, 4. a square harmika with a facet at the base and a facet and a band at the top and a shaft of the missing chatravali is present.

Votive stupa-68 (94 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a medhi with two bands at the base and a band within facets at the top, 2. an bulbous anda, 3. and a square harmika with two bands at the base, the upper part is broken.

Votive stupa-69 (43 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular vedhi, 2. a medhi with a band at the top, 3. an cylindrical anda, 4. and the lowest facet of the square harmika is present.

Votive stupa-70 (64 cm high)

The stupa consists of a circular medhi and an anda with rounded top corners.

Votive stupa-71 (44 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular vedhi, 2. a short circular medhi of a size of a band,3. a big globular anda, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base (Plate-LXVIII). There is a socket for holding the missing chatravali.

Votive stupa-72 (59cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular medhi, 2. an cylindrical anda, 3. and a square harmika with a facet at the base. The stupa is badly worn off.

Votive stupa-73 (46.5 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a square vedhi with a facet and a band at the base and a facet and a band at the top, 2. a short medhi with a noli within two facets at the top, 3. an elongated anda with rounded top corners, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base, rest is lost.

Votive stupa-74 (81 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a short circular medhi, 2. an globular anda, 3. and a square harmika with a facet at the base and a band at the top. The shaft of the missing chatravali is extant.

Votive stupa-75 (89 cm high)

The stupa consists of a circular medhi and a anda with rounded top corners.

Votive stupa-76 (76 cm high)

Same as Votive stupa No.75

Votive stupa-77 (69 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular medhi two mouldings at the base and three at the top, 2. a bulbous anda, 3. And two tiered at the base of the square harmika, rest is lost.

Votive stupa-78 (71 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a short square vedhi, 2. a elongated medhi with a band within two facets at the top, 3. an anda with rounded top corners, 4. and a square harmika with a facet at the base, rest is lost.

Votive stupa-79 (64.5 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular vedhi, 2. a circular medhi a band at the top, 3. an elongated circular anda, 4. andthe base and the lowest facet of the square harmika exists.

Votive stupa-80 (64 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a short square vedhi, 2. a medhi with a band within two facets at the top, 3. and a anda with rounded top corners.

Votive stupa-81 (66 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a short octagonal vedhi, 2. an medhi with oblong niches within double frames on all the four cardinal directions and the space between these oblong niches are designed with semicircular arched niches followed by a noli within two facets at the top, 3. and a anda with rounded top corners (Plate LXIX). The base of the anda portion is decorated with square niches with rounded corners on all the four cardinal directions and the space between these niches are filled with circular niches followed by four chaitya window motif on four corners, all these four chaitya window motifs are connected with a semicircular band within facets.

Votive stupa-82 (74 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular vedhi, 2. a circular medhi a band at the base and a band within two facets at the top, 3. an elongated circular anda, 4. anda square harmika with two bands at the base and two bands at the top, the upper band at the top is slightly tapering. A small portion of the shaft is standing.

Votive stupa-83 (63 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular vedhi, 2. a circular medhi with a band within two facets at the top, 3. an globular anda, 4. andthe lowestfacet of thesquare harmika is standing.

Votive stupa-84 (63.5 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular medhi, 2. an elongated circular anda, 3. andthe lowestfacet of thesquare harmika is standing.

Votive stupa-85 (56 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular vedhi, 1. a circular medhi with a band at the base, 2. an globular anda, 3. and the lowestfacet of thesquare harmika is extant.

Votive stupa-86 (42.5 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular medhi, 2. an circular anda, 3. and the lowestfacet of thesquare harmika is standing.

Votive stupa-87 (61 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular medhi, 2. an circular anda, 3. andthe lowestfacet of thesquare harmika exists.

Votive stupa-88 (40.5 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular medhi, 2. an globular anda, 3. andthe lowestfacet of thesquare harmika is extant.

Votive stupa-89 (36.5 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular medhi with two bands at the top, 2. an circular anda, 3. and the lowesttwo facets of thesquare harmika is standing.

Votive stupa-90 (57 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular vedhi, 2. a circular medhi with a band at the base and the top, 3. and a globular anda.

Votive stupa-91 (56 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a short square vedhi, 2. a medhi with a band within two facets at the top, 3. an anda with rounded top corners, 4. andthe lowestfacet of thesquare harmika exists.

Votive stupa-92 (53.5 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a circular vedhi, 2. a circular medhi with a band within two facets at the top, 3. an globular anda, 4. andthe lowestfacet of thesquare harmika is standing.

Votive stupa-93 (45 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a short circular vedhi with a band at the base and the top, 2. an circular medhi with a band and a facet at the base followed by a noli within two facets at the top, 3. an anda with rounded top corners, 4. and the lowest facet of the square harmika is extant. The stupa is badly worn out.

Votive stupa-94 (44 cm high)

The stupa consists of a circular medhi and ananda with rounded top corners.

Votive stupa-95 (43.5 cm high)

The stupa consists of 1. a short circular medhi, 2. an globular anda, 3. andthe lowestfacet of thesquare harmika is standing.

Like what you read? Consider supporting this website: