Stupas in Orissa (Study)

by Meenakshi Chauley | 2013 | 109,845 words

This study examines the Stupas and Votive Stupas in Odisha or Orissa (Eastern India).—In this thesis an attempt has been made to trace the historicity of Buddhism in Odisha on the basis of the architectural development of the Stupa architecture. Archaeological evidence obtained from excavated sites dates such structures as early as third-second cen...

Minor Structural Stupas at Udayagiri (Western Zone)

Structural Stupa 95 (172 cm high)

The masonry stupa consists of atri-ratha vedhi measuring 192 x 190 cm, is carved into a khura, kumbha, a band of rectangles at intervals resting on a plain horizontal band and inverted khura and a circular medhi with a deep incision at the centre of the band at the base followed by two courses of ashlar masonry, the joints are bound with iron clamps. Rest of the part is broken.

Structural Stupa 96 (155 cm high)

The masonry stupa consists of asquare vedhi measuring 150 x 150 cm. It is carved into a khura, a recess comprising of two courses overlain by a band of rafter end motif, a band carved with lotus petals followed by a moulding and a receding course and a circular medhi displaying two courses.

Structural Stupa 97 (105 cm high)

The masonry stupa consists of avedhi measuring 84 x 84 cm, is carved into three receding courses followed by a medhi and anda carved out of single stone, a socket could be seen at the base of the harmika for placing the missing chatravali.

Structural Stupa 98 (153 cm high)

On a pedestal made of two courses stands the masonry stupa comprising of avedhi measuring 90 x 90 cm, showing two mouldings at the base, a circular medhi, a slightly tilted anda, a harmika with a band and a facet at the base and two facets and a band at the top and a disc shaped chatravali resting on a shaft with a square base.

Structural Stupa 99 (196 cm high)

The masonry stupa consists of ahigh vedhi measuring 130 x 130 cm square, is carved into three diminishing mouldings at the base, a recess of two courses and a band within two facets at the top, followed by a medhi with three receding tiers at the base and a band within two facets at the top followed by anda with rounded top corners.

Structural Stupa 100 (196 cm high)

The masonry stupa consists of ahigh vedhi measuring 160 x 160 cm square, is carved into three diminishing mouldings at the base, a recess of two courses and a band within two facets at the top, followed by a medhi with three receding tiers at the base and a band within two facets at the top and one course of the anda portion is extant.

Structural Stupa 101 and 102

On a rectangular base measuring 220 x 110 cm, twin stupas are installed. Stupa no. 101 is 126 cm high. It is carved into a band and a facet at the base, a recess of two courses and a band within two facets at the top, followed by one course representing anda rest of the part is broken. Stupa no. 102 is similar to stupa no. 101 and measures 156 cm high.

Structural Stupa 103 (153 cm high)

The masonry stupa is placed on a high pedestal composed of two diminishing courses. The high vedhi measuring 133 x 133 cm square, is carved into a khura at the base, a recess, a band cut into rectangles (lupas) and a band carved into lotus petals followed by a projected band at the top (Plate-XXIX). The circular medhi comprises of a band of two courses at the base and a band with lotus petals motif at the top crowned by a projected moulding.

Structural Stupa 104 (206 cm high)

The masonary stupa consists ofasquare vedhi measuring 111 x 111 cm. It is carved into a khura, a pata which is quite rounded in shape (Plate-XXX), a khura, and an inverted khura carved with lotus medallion on cardinal directions on the top, a circular medhi resting on a ring base is carved with double petalled lotus at the base and a beautifully carved band at the top; with halves of lotuses within a row of semi circles on the either side of the band and the central portion is carved with a row of four petalled flower, an anda with rounded top corners, and a harmika with a thin band at the base and a thick band at the top. There is an empty niche in the stupa.

Structural Stupa 105 (76 cm high)

The square masonry vedhi of a stupa measures 197 x 197 cm, is carved into two receding mouldings at the base, a recess, a band cut into rectangles (lupas) and a band carved into lotus petals followed by a projected band at the top.

Structural Stupa 106 and 107

The structural stupa consists of arectangular vedhi measuring 224 x 120 cm, contains three courses; this base is used as a common platform for exhibiting two separate stupas. The circular medhi of stupa-106is 138cm high and that of stupa-107 is 108 cm high. They are preserved upto three and four courses respectively.

Structural Stupa 108 (65 cm high)

The square brick vedhi of a stupa measuring 260 x 260 cm, is carved into three receding mouldings followed by a medhi displaying ten courses. Rest of the part is missing.

Structural Stupa 109 (167 cm high)

A low square brick vedhi of a stupa measuring 260 x 260 cm, made of three courses followed by a circular medhi displaying nineteen courses and an anda retaining eleven courses, has patches of lime plaster,which indicates that during its heydays the stupa was completely plastered.

Structural Stupa 110 and 111

The structural masonry stupa consists of arectangular vedhi measuring 220 x 113 cm, contains two receding courses; this base is used as a common platform for exhibiting two separate stupas (Plate-XXXI). The circular medhi of stupa no.110 is 125cm high and that of stupa no. 111 is 132 cm high, comprises of three diminishing mouldings, a recess composed of two courses, a band carved with lotus petal motifs followed by a projected band and a facet. The anda is extant upto one course in stupa no. 110 and two courses in stupa no. 111.

Structural Stupa 112 (74 cm high)

The square masonry vedhi of a stupa measures 142 x 143 cm, is carved into two receding mouldings at the base, a recess followed by two diminishing bands at the top. The structure is in dilapidated condition.

Structural Stupa 115 and 116

The structural stupas are raised on an undressed stone platform measuring 235 x 125 cm contains three courses. The circular medhi ofstupa-116is 140 cm in diameter and stupa-115 is 110 cm in diameter, have preserved three and four courses respectively.

Structural Stupa 117 and 118

The structural stupa consists of arectangular vedhi measuring 234 x 125 cm contains three courses; this base is used as a common platform for exhibiting two separate stupas. The circular medhi of stupa-117 is 114 cm in diameter and is 23cm high and stupa-118 has a diameter of 110 cm and is 58 cm high, have preserved three and four courses respectively.

Structural Stupa 119 (190 cm high)

A high square masonry vedhi of this stupa measures 202 x 200 cm, is carved into three receding mouldings at the base, a recess followed by a band within facets at the top. The circular medhi of stupa comprises of three diminishing mouldings, a recess composed of two courses, a band carved with lotus petal motifs followed by a projected band. The anda is represented by a single course. Rest of the part is missing.

Structural Stupa 121 (115 cm high)

A high square masonry vedhi of a stupa measuring 202 x 200 cm, is carved into two mouldings at the base, a recess followed by a band within facets at the top. The circular medhi of stupa comprises of two diminishing mouldings, a recess composed of three courses and a band within facets at the top.

Structural Stupa 124 (204 cm high)

On a square pedestal, vedhi of a stupa measuring 75 x 75 cm, is carved into a khura and a inverted khura with a facet below (Plate-XXXII). The circular medhi of stupa comprises of a thin band at the base and a band within facets carved with four petalled floral motifs at the top crowned by anda with rounded corners and surmounted by a harmika with a facet at the base and two facets and a band at the top.

Structural Stupa 125 (150 cm high)

A high square masonry vedhi of a stupa measuring 202 x 200 cm, is carved into a khura, a recess of two courses and a inverted khura topped by a projected band. The circular medhi of stupa preserves two courses.

Structural Stupa 126 and 127

The structural stupas are raised on a stone platform measuring 226 x 226 cm, both the stupas are tri-ratha in plan and exhibit three receding courses. The core is filled with soil and pebbles.

Structural Stupa 128 (195 cm high)

The masonry stupa consists of a circular vedhi carved into two tiers overlain by a khura and a thin band. The circular medhi of the stupa preserves four courses followed by a band of lotus petals and a projected band.

Structural Stupa 129

On a stone foundation, a stupa consists of a pancha-ratha vedhi made of bricks measuring 405 x 400 cm, is carved into a khura, pata and inverted khura with two facets below. The remains of medhi and upper parts of stupa are lost.

Structural Stupa 130

The stupa is raised on a star shaped vedhi represented by six courses (Plate-XXXIII); the medhi is showing three circular rings in receding order consisting of two courses each at the base followed by 18 courses of bricks. This is the only stupa reported at the site having a star shaped base.

Structural Stupa 132

The stupa consists of a tri-ratha vedhi made of stone measuring 235 x 233 cm, is carved with a band and a facet at the base and the top above it rests the lower most band of medhi carved into double petalled lotus, the upper part is completely in ruins.

Structural Stupa 136

On a square masonry vedhi measuring 156 x 156 cm, comprises of two receding courses followed by a circular medhi with a band at the base and the top.

Structural Stupa 137

On a square masonry vedhi measuring 88 x 88 cm, comprises of a khura, a recess and a projected band followed by a circular medhi with a band at the base and the top.

Structural Stupa 138

The stupa is raised on a square pedestal represented by four courses measuring 422 x 415 cm, the vedhi comprises of four receding mouldings retaining six, five, two, three courses of bricks from bottom to top.

Structural Stupa 141

On a square masonry vedhi measuring 198 x 196 cm, comprises of four receding courses.

Structural Stupa 146

On a square masonry vedhi measuring 88 x 88 cm, comprises of five diminishing courses followed by a recess of two courses crowned by a band of rafter end motif and a band incised with lotus petals motif over which rests five irregularly placed stone courses, the uppermost three representing the medhi.

Structural Stupa 147 and 148

Both these square masonry vedhis comprises of three receding courses followed by a recess of two courses and is crowned by a projected band.

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